Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function Assignment Provide full detail and be specific for full marks. 1. How do these organelles work together? 2 marks each = 10 marks a. lysosomes and vacuoles When material such as bacteria and viruses enter the cell into a vacuole, the lysosomes inside the cell can fuse with the vacuole and digest the contents with its hydrolytic enzymes. b. endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus Proteins synthesized at the RER and lipids from the SER are transported to the Golgi body via vesicles and are packaged, modified, assembled and secreted there. c. centrioles and cilia Centrioles are made of a 9+0 pattern of microtubules and give rise to the basal bodies with then organize the formation of the 9+2 pattern of microtubules in cilia and flagella. d. ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes are on the surface of the ER forming RER where protein synthesis takes place; these proteins then enter the lumen of the ER to be packaged into vesicles and transported throughout the cell or to the Golgi body. e. chloroplast and mitochondria The chloroplast does photosynthesis and produces glucose and oxygen which can then be used by the mitochondria in plants for cellular respiration and ATP production. 1
2. For the following organelles, relate the structure to the function. 2 marks each = 6 marks a) mitochondrion Double membrane where inner form the cristae providing a high surface area for cellular respiration and therefore, ATP production b) nucleus Centrally located to control all cell functions, and double membrane to form pores to transport molecules in and out of the cell; outer membrane forms the ER channels and tubules. c) rough endoplasmic reticulum Studded with ribosomes and extensive folding of channels and tubules to provide lots of surface area for protein synthesis. 3. Compare and contrast Active and Facilitated transport (provide at least 5 comparisons). 5 marks Passive Transport Does NOT require ATP Small molecules and non-polar molecules transported Active Transport Does require ATP Small, polar molecules and ions along with large molecules transported May involve the use of only the phospholipid bilayer but can include channels and carriers May require the use of carriers Vesicles not required in the transport Molecules usually travel from a high to low concentration Vesicles may be required to transport molecules in or out of cell Molecules usually travel against the concentration gradient 2
4. Label the following diagram and provide a function of each. 5 marks B C A D A Receptor protein allows molecule to attach and cause a change in the cell B_Glycoprotein involved in cell-to-cell recognition_ C Protein Channel allows facilitated, passive transport of specific molecules in and out of the cell_ D Phospholipid bilayer creates a cell barrier and regulates the movement of molecules E_Cholesterol helps to stiffen the membrane of the cell 5. Name and describe the process by which a WBC engulfs and destroys a bacterial cell. 4 marks The White Blood Cell engulf the bacteria by phagocytosis and the vacuole inside the cell with then have lysosomes that fuse with distributing their hydrolytic enzymes to digest the bacteria 3
6. Describe what you think will occur in the dialysis tubing and in the solution of the beaker. Be specific and explain for each of the substances present, include water. 3 marks Osmosis of water from the beaker into the dialysis tubing due to the sucrose concentration and may cause the tube to swell. Sucrose molecules are too large to diffuse but the concentration inside decreases while the outside increases due to osmosis. The glucose will diffuse from the inside of the tube to the outside into the beaker causing the concentration the decrease inside and increase outside of the tube. 7. Suppose you have a thistle tube separated at the center by a semipermiable membrane which is permeable to water and glucose only. On the left side of the membrane is a 10% glucose solution and 9% starch solution. On the right side of the membrane is a 30% glucose solution and 2% starch solution. What will happen to the concentrations glucose and starch on each side over time? _Initially, osmosis of water will occur from the left side to the right side; however, as glucose diffuses from right to left to increase the concentration on the left 8. and Label decrease the following on the right, diagrams. starch becomes the factor for osmosis. Since starch is too large to diffuse, water will move by osmosis from the right to the left causing the starch concentration to decrease on the left and increase on the right._ 2 marks 10% Glucose 9% Starch 30% Glucose 2% Starch 4
8. Label the following diagrams. 2 marks each = 4 marks. 5
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