Cell are made up of organelles. An ORGANELLE is a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function.

Transcription

1 Plant and Animal Cells The Cell Theory All living things are made up of one or more cells. All cells come from other cells. Organization of Living Things Cell are made up of organelles. An ORGANELLE is a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function.

2 Using proper labelling techniques, copy the cell organelles from the board. Animal Cell Plant Cell

3 Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Fill in the table below using page 41 of the Biology 11 text. Characteristic Prokaryote Eukaryote DNA Size Organization Metabolism Organelles How can I remember? Pro rhymes with NO - no nucleus!! Eu rhymes with DO - do have a nucleus!! Cell Organelles (use pages 42-56) Cell Membrane The cell membrane must control what enters and leaves the cell. It allows molecules like. in and allows the removal of wastes like. out. It is a double layer of. molecules called the: Phospholipid bilayer. It is composed of two rows of phospholipid molecules. The heads are found on the outside and the inside of the membrane. The fatty acid tails face one another. Look at the diagram below, identify the hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. Define Hydrophilic:. Hydrophobic:. Cell Wall Cell walls are not found in., but they are found in

4 archaebacteria, eubacteria, some protists and fungi and PLANT cells. They are made mostly out of.. Cell walls are much. and thicker than cell membranes. In plants they provide support to the cell. Antibiotics are medicines that kill bacteria. Specifically they work by preventing the formation of bacterial. Nucleus The nucleus is the control centre of the cell. The nucleus houses the cell s The nucleus is surrounded by a envelope, that allows materials to pass in and out of the nucleus. It also contains the nucleolus. This is the location where.. are made. Cytoplasm The cytoplasm is the interior of the cell. It contains a liquid portion called the. It contains a mix of ions and molecules such as enzymes, carbohydrates and amino acids. Vacuoles and Vesicles Vacuoles and vesicles are both containers filled with.. and dissolved molecules. Vacuoles are found mainly in plant cells, but are much smaller in animal cells. Vesicles are used for transporting material throughout the cell. Ribosomes Ribosomes are the sites where are assembled into proteins in a process known as.. synthesis. Endoplasmic Reticulum The endoplasmic reticulum is a series of interconnected tubules that branch out from the..envelope. There is rough endoplasmic reticulum that has.. attached to it (giving it a rough looking appearance). This is where protein synthesis takes place. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum lacks and its function is to make.., including phospholipids used in the cell membrane. Golgi Apparatus (bodies or complex) These are flattened stacks of membranes that function to.,

5 modify and transport produced by the rough Lysosomes Lysosomes are membrane bound sacs that contain hydrolytic. The function of a lysosome is to digest., destroy invading., break down damaged organelles within a cell, and they may also play in the processes. Mitochondria The mitochondria are the site of.. respiration in cells. It involves extracting energy from glucose molecules and creating.. It also creates which is a waste product. Chloroplasts These green organelles are responsible for producing food for most of the life of Earth. This process is called. In this process, plants convert the energy of. into carbohydrates. They contain the light capturing molecule called Cytoskeleton Animal cells are able to maintain their shape due to the cytoskeleton, which is a supportive network of fine fibres. These fine protein fibres are:. and microtubules. Cilia and Flagella Cilia and flagella are protein fibres that provide.. to some cells. Flagella are.. and cilia are There might be a lot of cilia (covering a Paramecium), but there is usually only one flagella (like on a human sperm cell).

6 Questions for you to do: 1. Pick something to compare a cell to - for example a city, a school, a factory, a shopping mall, or something else you think of) Then choose 8 of the organelles above and then compare them to parts of the concept you originally picked. Fill in the chart below. Cell compared to.. Cell organelle Part you are comparing it to Why do these go together? 2. The table below shows the observations made of 3 different cells. Determine as much info as you can about each type of cell. For example, are the cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic, plant or animal? Cell wall Cell membrane Chloroplasts Mitochondria Nucleus Cell A Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Cell B NO Yes NO Yes Yes Cell C Yes Yes NO No No Cell A.

7 Cell B. cell C. Multiple Choice - Entry ticket Name:. 1. To enter or leave a cell, substances must pass through a. a microtubule. b. the Golgi apparatus. c. the nucleus. d. the cell membrane. 2. Bacterial cell are prokaryotic; in comparison to a typical eukaryotic cell they would a. be smaller. b. have a smaller nucleus. c. lack a cell membrane. d. have a greater variety of organelles. 3. You would expect a cell with a lot of lysosomes to a. make a lot of ATP. b. contain a lot of enzymes. c. move actively. d. perform photosynthesis. 4. Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function? a. mitochondrion... photosynthesis b. nucleus... cellular respiration c. ribosome... manufacture of lipids d. central vacuole... storage 5. Of the following organelles, which group is involved in manufacturing substances needed by the cell? a. lysosome, vacuole, ribosome b. ribosome, rough ER, smooth ER c. vacuole, rough ER, smooth ER d. smooth ER, ribosome, vacuole 6. A cell has mitochondria, ribosomes, smooth and rough ER, and other parts. Based on this information, it could not be a. a cell from a pine tree. b. a grasshopper cell. c. a yeast (fungus) cell. d. a bacterium. 7. Most organelles in a eukaryotic cell are found in the: a. cell wall b. cytoplasm c. nucleus d. capsule 8. The nucleus of a cell a. is the region of the cell where ribosomes are degraded. b. contains DNA and controls cell activities c.is contained inside the nucleolus. d. is surrounded by a single layer of membrane. 9. Rough endoplasmic reticulum a. contains ribosomes for protein synthesis. b. creates an enormous surface area for cell metabolism c. contains a compartment to transfer and modify products of metabolism d. all of the above 10. The function of chloroplasts is a. intracellular transport of proteins. b. lipid synthesis. c. photosynthesis. d. cellular respiration. 11. Cell membrane phospholipids a. have hydrophilic heads that face outward and are exposed to water. b. have hydrophobic tails that face inward and are shielded from water. c. Both A & B are correct d. None of the choices are correct.

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