THE CHAUKHAMBA AYURVIJNANA STUDIES 65 AYURVEDIC PHARMACY (Bhaishajya-Kalpana) By Dr. Anil K. Mehta & Dr. Raghunandan Sharma CHAUKHAMBA SANSKRIT PRATISHTHAN DELHI
CONTENTS Foreword Préface Acknowledgement Chapter 1 History of Herbal Medicine (iii) (v) (x) Ayurveda : The base of Modem Medicine 5 Folk Healing in Middle Age 7 The Gap in the Scientific Approach 8 Laboratory versus Nature 9 Herbs seen with Modem Eyes 9 Chapter 2 Basics of Bhaishajya Kalpana Définition 15 Importance of Bhaishajyakalpana 15 Commonly used terms in Bhaishajya Kalpana 17 Common Terms & Définitions in Dravyaguna (Pharmacology) 20 Bhavana 21 Modem Pharmacology 26 Chapter 3 Classification and Maintenance of Drugs Classification ofdrugs 28 Approaches to Evolving a Drug 30 Classification of dravyas according to Therapeutic Application 32 Fifty Important Decoctives 32 Action based Plant Grouping 37 Plants and Herbal Suppléments used Commonly 40 Mishraka Gana (Mixed Classification ofdrugs) 43 Morphologically Similar Groups 47 Qualitative Similar Drugs 49 Ecology of Drugs 50 Sélection ofdrugs 51 Collection of Durgs 52 -Method of Drug collection 53 -Spécifie Period of collection 53 -Veerya in Drug Procurement 55 -Considération of Karma in Drug procurement 55 -Collection of Dietary Items 56 -Collection ofdrugs of Animal Origin 56 Evaluation of Raw Materials 56 Préservation of Drugs 58 -Storage of Medicine 59 -Potency Period of the Drug 60 -Prévention of Fresh and Dried Drug Spécimens 60 -Rôles of Preservatives 61 Food Additives and Artificial Colours 61 ShelfLife 63 Chapter 4 Pharmacy Bheshajagar 64 Equipments and Raw Drugs 65 Pharmacy Assistants 65 Steps before Production 65 Yantra (Apparatus) 67
(xii) -Dola yantra -Khalva yantra -Patana yantra -Baluka yantra -Puta yantra Impurities of Dravyas and their Purification Common Methods of Purification Artificial Substances and Adultérants Honey Adultération Chapter 5 Pharmacokinetics Fate of a Drug Time of Drug Administration Concept of Chronopharmacology Chronobiology Chronopharmacology Channels of Administration Ten Big Orifices Posology of Dosage Pharmacodynamics The Six Rasas (Tastes) Anupana (Vehicle) Chapter 6 Pancha-Vidha Kashaya Kalpana Yoni (Sources) of Kashay kalpana Swarasa (juice) Kalka (paste) Kwatha (décoction) Shita (cold infusion) Phanta (Infusion) Other Kalpanas 67 68 69 71 72 74 75 78 79 85 86 90 90 94 97 99 101 104 105 106 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 Chapter 7 Churna Churna General Method of Préparation Characteristic and Préservation Used Churna : -Ashtanga lavana -Katphaladi -Gandhaka rasayana -Dashana Samskar -Dadimashtaka -Naracha -Panchakola -Panchanimba -Laghu Gangadhar -Vidangadi -Saraswata -Sitopaladi -Talisadi -Hingvashtak -Shivakshara pachan -Lavanabhaskar Validation of Ashwagandha Churna Kwath Churna Characteristic and Préservation used Kwath Churna : -Gojihvadi -Trinapanchamula -Triphala - D hanyapanchaka -Nimbadi -Pathyadi -Phalatrikadi -Mashabaladi -Rasnasaptaka -Varunadi -Shvasahara 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 117 118 119 119 119 120 120 121 121 121 122 125 126 128 128 129 129 129 130
( xiii) Standardisation of Kwath Standardisation of Dashamula kashaya Chapter 8 Vati & Guggulu Vati or Gutika Method of Préparation Characteristics used Vati or Gutika : -Abhaya -Arshoghni -Kutajaghana -Mahashankha -Mahagandhaka -Sarpagandhaghana -Sarvatobhadra -Chandraprabha -Prabhakar -Shukramatrika -Shulavajrini -Samshamani -Sukhavirechana -Bilvadi -Rajahpravartini -Lavangadi -Lashunadi -Sanjivani -Arogyavardhini -Chitrakadi -Vyoshadi Guggulu Method of Préparation Characteristics and Préservations used Guggulu : -Panchamrita lauha -Punarnava -Yogaraja 130 132 136 136 137 138 138 138 139 140 140 141 142 142 143 144 144 144 145 145 146 146 146 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 -Kaishora -Simhanada -Triphala Studies and Références on Standardization of Ayurvedic Tablets Chapter 9 Sneha Kalpana Ghrita murchhana Taila murchhana Ghrita General Method of Préparations Characteristics and Préservations used Ghrita : -Kalyanaka -Triphala -Panchagavya -Panchatikta -Phala -Brahmi -Mahakalyanaka -Mahatiktaka -Arjuna -Sukumara -Changeri Taila Characteristics and Préservations used Taila : -Shatapaki kshirabala -Pinda -Dashamula -Panchaguna -Anu -Mahanarayana -Bhringaraj 151 152 153 153 158 158 159 160 160 161 162 162 163 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 170 170 171 172 173 175
(xiv) -Kumkumadi -Sahacharadt -Karpasasthyadi -Kshirabala -Jatyadi Standardization of Somarajee Taila Standardization of Karpuradi Taila Chapter 10 Sandhana Kalpana Asava and Arishta Method of préparation Characteristic and Préservation used Asava and Arishtas : -Punarnavadyarishta -Babbularishta -Ashokarishta -Dashamularishta -Kutajarishta -Khadirarishta -Parthadyarishta -Rohitakarishta -Saraswatarishta -Abhayarishta J -Amritarishta -Ashwagandharishta -Drakshasava -Kumaryasava -Lauhasava -Vasakasava -Kanakasava -Chandanasava -Sarivadyasava Chapter 11 Avaleha Method of Préparation Characteristic & Préservation 176 177 178 179 179 180 183 187 187 188 188 189 190 190 192 193 194 194 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 201 202 203 204 205 used Avaleha : -Chyavanprash -Ashtangavaleha -Kalyanakavaleha - Vyaghr ihari taki -Ashwagandhavaleha -Kantakaryavaleha -Bilvadileha -Vasavaleha -Madhusnuhi rasayan -Erandapaka -Saubhagyashunthi -Haridrakhanda Chapter 12 Sattva (Extracts) Guduchi Sattva Extraction Methods Liquid Extraction Process Concentration Process Distillation/Extraction Cold Percolation Agitation/Distillation Super Critical Fluid Extraction CO 2 Extraction Extracts Oualitv Control Methods Analytical methods Extract Drying Process Adding Excipients Freeze-drying Process Herbal Oil Extracts Chapter 13 Mishra Kalpana Arka -Pudinarka -Yavanyarka Lepa -Dashanea lepa 205 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 213 214 215 215 216 217 218 219 219 220 220 223 224 225 225 225 228 229 229 229 230
(xv) -Rasnadi churna lepa 231 -Shothaghna lepa 231 Upanah Kalpana 232 Lavan Kalpana 232 Masi Kalpana 232 Anjan, Varti and Netra-bindu 233 Anna Kalpana 233 -Yusha 233 -Yavagu 234 -Mamsa rasa 235 -Veshavara 235 -Panaka 235 Takra 235 Kanjika 236 Ksheer paka 236 Extraction of Médicinal Principles with milk 236 Other Kalpanas of Sushruta 238 Herbal Contraceptive 242 Essential Oils 244 Essential Oils with their Uses 249 Chapter 14 Poisons as Medicine Poisonous Plants as Medicine 256 Purification of Poisonous Plants 257 Détails about some Visha Dravya 258 -Vatsanabha 258 -Vishatinduka 259 -Jayapala 261 -Dhatura 261 -Bhanga 262 -Bhallataka 263 -Gunja 264 Effect of Purification on the Toxicity of Abrus precatorius 264 Rasa-Uparas Poisoning 266 Scheduling of Drugs & Poisons in Australia 268 Chapter 15 Heavy Metals and Contamination Heavy Metals and Environment 273 Metals in the Environment 274 -Mercury 274 -Cadmium 275 -Lead 276 -Sélénium 276 Surrounding environment influences métal uptake 277 Metals can transfer and accumulate in the body 277 Trace Elément Analysis of Some Copper Containing Herbs 279 Drug Toxicity 280 Chemicals for the Bettermentof Herbs 282 Chapter 16 Rasashastra Rasa yoga 287 Parpati 287 Kupipakva 287 Lauha 288 Bhasma 288 Standardisation of Praval Bhasma 289 Chapter 17 Médicinal Herbs as Cosmetics Common Herbs used as Cosmetics 294 Skin Care 294 Care of Eyes 298 Hair Care 299
Chapter 18 Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) in Pharmacentical Production (xvi) GMP Requirements : At a Glance 304 Schedule-T (GMP for ISM Drugs) 308 GMP Practices: -Infrastructural Requirements 310 -Working Space 314 -StorageArea 316 -Machinery and Equipments 316 -Health and Hygiène 317 -Documentation and Records 318 Labeling, Packing and Limit of Alcohol in Ayurvedic or Unani Drugs 319 Capsules andtablets 321 Encapsulation Technology 321 Capsule Functions 322 Capsule Contents 323 Proper Humidity Control 323 Standard Operating Procédures (SOPs) 324 Standardization -Phytochemical Section 326 -Microbiological Section 326 -Recommended Procédures 327 -Préparation ofsamples 327 -Apparatus 328 -Method 328 ISO Standardisation 330 Patenting 331 Non-provisional Utility Patent333 Application data sheet 335 Title of invention 336 Claim Déclaration USPTO Receipt Requirements ^atent & Trade mark depository library program Chapter 19 Ayurvedic Remédies for Common Diseases Women's Diseases Leucorrhoea Utérine Fibroids Ovarian Cysts Menopausal Syndrome Sterility Men's Diseases Infertility Erectile Dysfunction Prématuré Ejaculation Prostate Enlargement Child's Diseases Abdominal pain Acute Diarrhoea Allergies Nephrotic Syndrome Common Diseases Hepatitis Psoriasis Ulcerative Colitis Dépression Parkinson's Disease Thyroid Dysfunction Obesity Diabètes Mellitus Heart Disease Osteoarthritis Hyperacidity Word Index 339 340 342 344 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 359 359 360 361 361 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 369 369 370 371 371 373