Integrated surveillance and control programme for West Nile virus and malaria in Greece (MIS 365280) Surveillance of malaria vectors in the Municipality of Evrotas (Laconia) & Marathonas (Attica) G. Koliopoulos, E. Badieritakis, E. Kioulos, A. Michaelakis, K. Mitsopoulou Benaki Phytopathological Institute Department of Pesticides Control & Phytopharmacy Laboratory of Biological Control of Pesticides 8 St. Delta str., GR-145 61 Kifissia, Attiki, Greece g.koliopoulos@bpi.gr MalWest Final Workshop 24-25 February 2014, Athens www.ygeia-pronoia.gr Co-funding by European Union www.epanad.gov.gr www.espa.gr
Anophelinae An. maculipennis Anopheles (Anopheles) 1. An. algeriensis 2. An. atroparvus (#) 3. An. claviger 4. An. hyrcanus 5. An. maculipennis s.s. 6. An. marteri An. marteri sogdianus 8. An. messeae 9. An. melanoon 10. An. plumbeus 11. An. pseudopictus (?) 12. An. sacharovi 13. An. subalpinus An. sacharovi Anopheles (Cellia) 14. An. sergentii 15. An. superpictus An. hyrcanus An. superpictus
An. maculipennis Factors related to the ability of an Anopheles species to serve as an important malaria vector 1. Vector distribution and abundance 2. Suitable conditions for the parasite in order to complete the sexual replication phase that take place in the mosquito vector 3. Life expectancy of the vector (female mosquito must survive at least until sporozoites are mature and migrate to the salivary glands) 4. Host feeding preferences (anthropophily vs zoophily) 5. Feeding interval, Feeding in more than one human hosts An. sacharovi Sporogonic" or Extrinsic" cycle duration of Plasmodium vivax An. hyrcanus An. superpictus 15 C 18 days 21 C 15 days 26 C 11 days 32 C 9 days
Aim of the Entomological Surveillance Qualitative and quantitative record of malaria vectors in the Municipality of Evrotas (Laconia) and Marathonas (Attica) Detailed mapping of mosquito larval habitats in the above two important malaria risk areas Study of malaria vector behavior, ecology and biology (resting sites of adult Anophelines, biting behavior and feeding habits) Setting mosquito management priorities and providing technical support in mosquito control programs implemented in risk or malaria affected areas Evaluation of mosquito control programs in specific areas Monitoring for the early detection of insecticide resistant mosquito populations
Methodology Monitoring of mosquito population and abundance by larval sampling adult trapping adult resting captures & human bite collections
Study area of Municipality of Evrotas (Laconia) Scala The study area was the wider Evrotas municipality region which included urban (Skala), suburban (villages of Ag. Taxiarches, Elos) and rural areas as well as natural ecosystems (Lake Vivari, Vasilopotamos river, Evrotas river and its Delta) and agro-ecosystems Ag. Taxiarches Elos Asteri Leimonas Irrigation & drainage canals (105 km) Lake Vivari Evrotas Delta
Results (Municipality of Evrotas, Laconia) Scala Ag. Taxiarches o A large number of mosquito breeding habitats were detected and mapped o The most important breeding sites, with high adult mosquito productivity at certain periods, found mainly in the large natural ecosystems of Lake Vivari, in the old Delta of Evrotas river, in Vasilopotamos river as well as in flooded areas nearby the coastal zone. Important source of adult mosquitoes was also the extensive network of irrigation and drainage canals Elos o High populations of mosquito Asteri larvae were detected in some breeding sites relatively early in the season (mid April) Leimonas Irrigation & drainage canals (105 km) Lake Vivari Evrotas Delta
Results (Municipality of Evrotas, Laconia) During the period from February 2012 to November 2013 more than 260 samplings (198 positive) were conducted throughout the study area, and a total of 3138 mosquitoes (individuals) were collected and identified. Classification of sampling sites into categories based on the sampling method used Larval habitats Adult trapping Marshlands (2) Stables (3) Stables (3) Rivers & canals (23) Houses (9) Houses (2) Temporary water collections (7) Temporary shelters (2) Resting & human bait collections Temporary shelters (1)
Results (Municipality of Evrotas, Laconia) Number of samples per sampling type and number of mosquitoes collected by category Type of sample Samplings Collected specimens Larvae & pupae 78 1303 Trap collections 90 1770 Resting adults 9 63 Hunan bait collections 1 2 Total 198 3138
Results (Municipality of Evrotas, Laconia) Anophelinae Anopheles sacharovi (Favre 1903) Anopheles claviger s.s. (Meigen 1804) Culicinae Culex pipiens s.l. Culex territans (Walker 1856) Culex tritaeniorynchus Giles, 1901 Aedes albopictus (Skuse 1895) Culiseta longiareolata (Marcquart 1838) Culiseta annulata (Schrank 1776) Culiseta subochrea (Edwards 1921) Ochlerotatus caspius (Pallas 1771) Ochlerotatus dentritus (Halidey 1833) Coquilletidia richiardii (Ficalbi 1889)
Results (Municipality of Evrotas, Laconia) 5,0% 0,2% 0,3% 0,6% 0,1% 1,4% 0,1% 0,6% 1,8% 0,4% 0,3% Relative abundance of species by larvae & pupae collections 89,2% Culex pipiens Anopheles sacharovi Ochlerotatus caspius Ochlerotatus detritus Culiseta longiareolata Culiseta annulata Culiseta subochrea Anopheles sp. Aedes albopictus Coquilletidia richiardii Culex territans Culex sp.
Results (Municipality of Evrotas, Laconia) 69,0% 0,2% 0,3% 0,1% 2,4% 0,1% 3,6% Relative abundance of species captured with traps 4,2% 20,1% Culex sp. Coquilletidia richiardii Culiseta subochrea Culiseta longiareolata Culiseta annulata Ochlerotatus caspius Ochlerotatus detritus Anopheles sacharovi Culex pipiens Relative abundance of resting mosquito collections 3,2% 6,3% 7,9% Ochlerotatus detritus Culiseta annulata Culex pipiens Anopheles sacharovi 82,5%
Marathonas & Schinias area (Attica) National Park since 2000 belongs to the Natura 2000 network 19 habitat types 115 bird species with a potential diversity of 215 species many threatened species of freshwater fish, amphibians and reptiles 3.100 km 2 wetland with fresh, salty and brackish water 8.000 km 2 semi-urban area 38.800 km 2 rural area 7.500 km 2 coastal pine forest
Marathonas & Schinias area (Attica)
Marathonas & Schinias area (Attiki)
Results (Marathonas & Schinias area, Attica) During the period from June 2012 to November 2013 a total of 985 mosquitoes (individuals) were collected and identified. Anophelinae Anopheles sacharovi (Favre 1903) Anopheles claviger s.s. (Meigen 1804) Anopheles hyrcanus (Pallas 1771) Anopheles algeriensis Theobald 1903 Culicinae Culex pipiens s.l. Culex tritaeniorynchus Giles, 1901 Culiseta longiareolata (Marcquart 1838) Culiseta annulata (Schrank 1776) Ochlerotatus detritus (Halidey 1833)
Results (Marathonas & Schinias area, Attica) 1,1% 1,1% Relative abundance of species by larvae & pupae collections 0,5% 10,1% Culiseta longiareolata 34,9% Culex pipiens Ochlerotatus detritus Culiseta sp. 29,6% Culiseta annulata Anopheles sacharovi Anopheles sp. 22,8%
Results (Marathonas & Schinias area, Attica) 0,9% 0,1% 1,2% 0,3% 1,5% 0,5% 11,6% Relative abundance of species captured with traps Anopheles sacharovi Culex pipiens Culiseta longiareolata Culiseta annulata Relative abundance of resting mosquito collections Ochlerotatus detritus Culex tritaeniorhynchus 23,9% 6,5% Culiseta longiareolata Culex pipiens Ochlerotatus detritus 83,9% 69,6%
Suggested future entomological activities Continuation of the mosquito surveillance in selected high risk areas for malaria transmission Evaluation of mosquito control programs and other measures implemented and technical support Monitoring for the early detection of possible insecticide resistant mosquito populations and effects on non-target organisms Study of important aspects of the biology and behaviour of Anopheline species in selected areas such as biting activity and feeding preferences, overwintering habits, adult resting sites etc. Evaluation of the most commonly used mosquito traps for collection of specific mosquito groups (malaria vectors, West Nile vectors etc.) Development of spatial risk models in order to predict elevated abundances of anopheline malaria vectors
Benaki Institute George Koliopoulos, PhD Evangelos Badieritakis, PhD NSRF - MALWEST Prof Ch. Chatzichristodoulou & collaborators Elias Kioulos, PhD Antonios Michaelakis, PhD Private Companies Kornilia Mitsopoulou, Msc ΒΙΟΕΦΑΡΜΟΓΕΣ ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΙΟΥ & ΣΙΑ Ε.Ε. ΟΙΚΟΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΗ Α.Ε. ΒΙΟΕΦΑΡΜΟΓΕΣ E.Π.Ε. AXIVEN - ΑΠΟΛΥΜΑΝΤΙΚΗ Municipality of Evrotas Ioannis Grypiotis (mayor of Evrotas)
Integrated surveillance and control programme for West Nile virus and malaria in Greece (MIS 365280) Thank you for your attention! www.ygeia-pronoia.gr Co-funding by European Union www.epanad.gov.gr www.espa.gr