INTA 2803 DEFINING GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP Brian Cffey, Andrew Estis, Taylr Kavanaugh, Melanie Wanigatunga
Intrductin Summary f 16 class sessins Learning utcmes addressed verall: What is glbal citizenship? Hw d we define it? Hw des Gergia Tech define it? Thrugh the curse, hw did we address the seven cre learning utcmes?
Learning Outcme 1: Understand the interrelatinships between the cncepts f glbalizatin and citizenship Defining Glbalizatin: Nye: the grwth f wrldwide netwrks f interdependence Friedman: the internatinal system that has replaced the cld-war system Amartya Sen: Glbalizatin is nt new, nr is it just Westernizatin..prgressed ver thusands f years thrugh travel, trade, migratin, spread f cultural influences and disseminatin f knwledge and understanding, science and technlgy Dani Rdrick: part f a brader trend f marketizatin; the intertwining f natinal ecnmies
Cnflicting Cncepts f Glbalizatin Glbalizatin vs. Americanizatin Glbalizatin: multi-dimensinal, histrical prcess f widening, deepening and speeding up f glbal intercnnectedness Americanizatin: mainly since WWII spread f American values, imitatin f American mdel f sciety: liberal, representative demcracy, free-market capitalism, cnsumer sciety The Natin-State vs. IGO Challenges t the ntin f the natin-state being the primary plitical unit f gvernance, as pwer has shifted upward tward IGOs (strng examples in Eurpe) Expansin f trade, regulatry regimes and rganizatins Enrmus grwth f IGOs and NGOs in the 20th century Glbalizatin backlash Has ccurred ver past decade as negative effects f free-markets have been expsed and amplified Examples include the Battle fr Seattle, the Occupy Mvement in respnse t the financial crisis Cultural arguments against Glbalizatin: cultural hmgenizatin
Cmpeting Idelgies f Glbalizatin: Schattle, Andersen, Sassen Schattle: ntin f the dual dynamic f glbalizatin and citizenship Interplay and tensins between the tw cncepts Internatinal migratin, plitical activity and public space Uncupling citizenship and the natin-state: de-territrializing plitics and the dilemmas f plitical membership in the 21 st century Andersen, Imagined Cmmunities: Barriers are imagined, glbalizatin requires the rejectin f ld definitin f natin We must re-imagine a larger, glbal, csmplitan cmmunity f peples as ur natin Sassen: The Repsitining f Citizenship: Emergent Subjects and Spaces fr Plitics Weakened relatinship between the state and the peple Glbal citizenship as pst-natinal r de-natinal frm f citizenship Can Glbal citizenship exist? Is it cntradictry?
Cmmunitarianism & Csmplitanism The cncept f glbal citizenship is predicated n csmplitanism Cmmunitarianism: Hmeland scieties Csmplitanism: Glbal citizenship The struggle between csmplitanism and cmmunitarianism, tw cnflicting schls f thught, is manifest in several plicy areas Immigratin Multilateral treaties, rganizatins and agreements
The Humanities Relatinship with Citizenship In Citizens f the Wrld, Martha Nussbaum argues fr a Csmplitan New Wrld Order The Three Cultures by Jerme Kagan establishes the relevance f this humanities-related study, and als cnstructs a mdel f the csmplitan/cmmunitarian argument The three areas f study (natural sciences, scial sciences, and humanities) are symbitic, and students f the three shuld realize their synergies rather than cntest their value
Cmpeting Cnceptins f Citizenship: Csmplitanism vs. Cmmunitarianism Cmmunitarianism (Etzini): A scial philsphy that maintains that that sciety shuld articulate what is gd Cmmunitarianism in INTA presents a mre fractinalized view f the wrld; citizens f individual states subscribe t cmmn state identities; the system is supprted by respect fr natinal svereignty Csmplitan (Nussbaum): A persn whse primary allegiance is t the cmmunity f human beings Natinality is an accident f birth and is mrally irrelevant Csmplitanism in INTA suggests that state bundaries are nt the nly effective limits f plitical rder, culture, and ethics.
Immigratin Dilemmas & Challenges t Citizenship The lecture reviews readings n immigratin admissins plicy in case studies like the EU Aliens and Citizens: The Case fr Open Brders a csmplitan argument against immigratin exclusin in first-wrld ecnmies Wh Shuld Get In? The Ethics f Immigratin Admissins A call fr refrm f discretinary immigratin plicies n a mral basis Ethics, Natinal Svereignty, and the Cntrl f Immigratin A direct address t the issue f migratin as a basic human right The reading & lecture all serve t explain the csmplitan/cmmunitarian debate n immigratin and allw the class t make an infrmed mral decisin based n ppsing viewpints and case studies.
Rethinking Svereignty & Citizenship: EU as a Mdel Case study examining the EU as a mdel fr a supranatinal csmplitan rder Nvel, csmplitan EU plicies are examined as well as criticisms f residual Eurpean cmmunitarianism Benefits, respnsibilities, and cultural belnging assciated with Eur Citizenship Schattle & McCrmick s Csmplitan/Cmmunitarian debate n citizens rights vis-à-vis EU, highlighting cntrversial/hypcritical plicies
Learning Outcme 3: Explain the cncept f identity in relatin t plitics and sciety Sen states that peple have multiple identities and the pwer t chse which nes they belng t at different times. Restricting peple t ne identity causes vilence. Peple need t shift frm us vs. them thinking. Peple need t stay away frm multiculturalistic thinking r a cmmunitarian perspective in thinking abut sciety. Csmplitanism We have different identities but we are all part f humanity.
Learning Outcme 3: (cnt.) Culture Peple f the same culture share a set f beliefs, mrals, etc. Cnflict ccurs because peple think their culture is the best, r nly mrally right ne. Cnflict als ccurs when peple make generalizatins abut peple within a culture. Peple are part f many different cultures. Sen states children shuld be taught in schl abut ur shared humanity.
Learning Outcme 3: (cnt.) Identities rle in glbal citizenship Shift frm us vs. them thinking Understand we are all part f humanity. See the similarities in identities. Identities rle in glbal citizenship at Tech Students shuld jin clubs, rganizatins, and take classes that pursue their interests. They shuld als explre rganizatins, etc. utside f interests. Students shuld remember that they can cnnect with anyne in the wrld based n their shared humanity.
Learning Outcme 4: Demnstrate familiarity with intercultural learning cncepts and the develpmental mdel f intercultural sensitivity Develpmental Mdel f Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS) Miltn Bennett s Thery Framewrk t explain experience f peple when they cnfrnt culture difference Assumptins As experience f cultural difference becmes mre sphisticated, ne s cmpetence in intercultural relatins ptentially increases Ingrup/utgrup categrizatin is a universal cgnitive functin Nt a mdel f attitude change r skill f acquisitin, rather it s a mdel f the develpment f wrldwide structure Stage indicate particular wrldview structure: 6 stages 3 ethncentric avid cultural differences 3 ethnrelative seek differences Denial, Defense, Minimizatin, Acceptance, Adaptatin, Integratin At GT: Mst cllege students are in minimizatin Taylr
Critiques f Glbal Citizenship 1. Causes & Cnsequences f Glbalizatin 2. Institutinal Practice f Glbal Citizenship: Crpratins, Higher Educatin, NGOs, and Internatinal Institutins 3. Rethinking Svereignty, Sciety & Citizenship: EU as a Mdel
Causes & Cnsequences f Glbalizatin Glbalizatin: prcess f the prcess f creating netwrks f cnnectins amng actrs at multi-cntinental distances, mediated thrugh a variety f flws including peple, infrmatin and ideas, capital and gds. Critics, Prpnents, Histry, Cmpnents, Causes, Cnsequences f Glbalizatin
Institutinal Practice f Glbal Citizenship Grup presentatins n glbal citizenship perfrmance/prmtin f internatinal actrs Crpratins, NGOs, Higher Educatin, & Int l Institutins All institutins activities were generally fund t cntribute t glbal citizenship in sme way BUT: als fund t be primarily self-serving Organizatins are wrking [un]cnsciusly t create and enable glbal citizens in their envirnments
Rethinking Svereignty, Sciety & Citizenship: EU as a Mdel Histry & Status Qu f Immigratin, Cultural Diversity & Citizenship in Eurpe Main critique f EU: It is the crrect implementatin f an internatinal system, but nly fr a selected, exclusive grup Immigratin & Cmmunitarian Plicy Criticism by Schattle & McCrmick Even EU Citizens are cnstrained by dmestic laws such as French Laicité Cultural Citizenship, belnging and cntributin t a supranatinal culture, is identified as key t the EU
Learning Outcme 6: Demnstrate knwledge f the gals, methds, and tls f the Scial Sciences, Humanities, and Natural Sciences and what each academic apprach may cntribute t the investigatin f the meaning and practices f glbal citizenship. Elements f scial scientific thinking are: Cncepts Variables Hyptheses Measurements Theries
Cncepts, Theries and Variables Cncepts are the building blcks f theries Theries describe the relatinships that might be expected amng variables A variable is a name fr smething that is thught t influence (r be influenced by) a particular state f being in smething else Attributes are characteristics r qualities that describe an bject r a persn Variables are lgical grupings f attributes Independent, dependent, and intervening variables
Appraches t Research Deductin and Inductin Deductive Reasning: derivatin f hypthesis r expectatins frm thery Inductive Reasning: develpment f generalizatins frm specific bservatins Variable-Oriented vs. Case-Oriented Variable-riented research: Analysis that typically fcuses n a large number f cases and systematically analyzing a well-defined set f variables fr these cases. Case-riented research: Aims t prvide detailed descriptin f a specific tpic; research in which the center f attentin is the clse analysis f ne r a few cases
Appraches t Research Psitivism vs. Cnstructivism Psitivism: fact-value distinctin There are real facts that are bservable and verifiable in the same way by different individuals Scial phenmena can be studied in much the same way as natural science phenmena, thrugh quantitative measurement, hypthesis testing, and thery frmatin Cnstructivism: Des nt assume a wide gulf between facts and values, and cnsiders facts t be scially embedded and scially cnstructed The individual researcher t sme extent impses his/her wn scial and cultural understandings n the bserved phenmena
Learning Outcme 7: Define cllectively what glbal citizenship can and shuld mean t individuals in the Gergia Tech cmmunity Gergia Tech Strategic Plan Gal 4 Strategy 1: Expand the wrld s ftprint at GT Build an inclusive cmmunity and a glbal presence Bring the wrld t GT via alliances Addressing interdisciplinary prblems Strategy 2: Extend and leverage GT s impact arund the glbe Outstanding research, develpment, and technlgy transfer Establish relatinships with peer institutins Strategy 3: Embrace and supprt glbally engaged students Taylr Ensure students understand science and technlgy in the cntext f different scial, ecnmic, and cultural dmains Internatinal Plan, service learning, applied research
Cnclusin A gd glbal citizen: Sees that all peple are human. Acts t benefit humanity in sme way. Tries t integrate their culture with ther cultures. Gergia Tech can graduate gd glbal citizens by: Prviding pprtunities fr students t cnnect with peple f similar and different interests and cultural attributes (i.e. thrugh rganizatins, vlunteering, classes, wrk experiences etc.)
Cnclusin, cnt. Glbalizatin and glbal citizenship are integrally related; increased glbalizatin has necessitated a mre mdern understanding f, and aspiratin t, glbal citizenship Csmplitanism and cmmunitarianism, the tw sides f the glbal citizenship debate, are present in many internatinal affairs discussin Glbal citizenship is nt easily defined. Identity restricts peple and cnfining peple t ne identity causes vilence All peple are part f humanity and can cnnect with each ther because f that belnging Intercultural sensitivity varies thrughut ne s life and is dynamic Critiques f glbal citizenship were mstly rebutted by the cunterpint that glbalizatin is permanent and inevitable Diverse scial scientific appraches prvide multiple ways t research and understand glbal citizenship Gergia Tech specifically defines hw they intend t graduate gd glbal citizens in their strategic plan thrugh nvel research and glbal alliances