Introduction to Psychological Disorders (Myers for AP 2 nd Edition, Module 65)

Transcription

1 Intrductin t Psychlgical Disrders (Myers fr AP 2 nd Editin, Mdule 65) Why are we s interested in learning abut psychlgical disrders? The Wrld Health Organizatin reprts that peple suffer frm mental r behavir disrders. and are cnsistent wrldwide. Defining Psychlgical Disrders Mental health wrkers view psychlgical disrders as syndrmes marked by a clinically significant in an individual s, regulatin, r. Disturbed, r dysfunctinal, behavirs are they interfere with nrmal day-t-day life. ften accmpanies dysfunctinal behavirs. Over time, definitins f what makes fr a significant disturbance have varied : was classified as a mental illness ADHD: Nrmal High Energy r Disrdered Behavir? (Read and cmplete) 1. List three arguments r research findings that supprt the existence f attentindeficit/hyperactivity disrder (ADHD) as a legitimate diagnsis. 2. List three arguments skeptics f ADHD cite t refute the legitimacy f the diagnsis. 3. What key cmpnent needs t be present t differentiate ADHD frm nrmal high energy r rambunctiusness? Why is this distinctin imprtant?

2 Each culture may view the ther s behavir as abnrmal. Nrmal vs. Abnrmal: It depends n yur culture, the time perid, the envirnmental cnditins & the individual persn. Understanding Psychlgical Disrders treatments f psychlgical disrders include trephinatin, exrcism, being caged like animals, being beaten, burned, castrated, mutilated, r transfused with animal s bld. Patients were put in that were nthing mre than barbaric prisns The patients were chained and lcked away. Sme hspitals even charged fr the public t see the crazies, just like a z. Medical Perspective Philippe Pinel ( ) frm France, insisted that madness was nt due t demnic pssessin, but an f the mind. Pinel said take the chains ff and declare that these peple are sick a cure must be fund!!! When physicians discvered that led t mental disrders, further refrms led t the use f the medical mdel. A mental illness (aka psychpathlgy) has physical causes that need t be n the basis f its symptms and thrugh therapy, which may include time in a psychiatric. Presumes that a persn is mentally ill and attributes their cnditin t a that must be identified and cured. Tday s psychlgists instead use a bipsychscial apprach based n the interactin f nature and nurture. Assumes that bilgical, sci-cultural, and psychlgical factrs cmbine and interact t prduce psychlgical disrders. Recgnizes that the and are inseparable.

3 Classifying Psychlgical Disrders The American Psychiatric Assciatin rendered a Diagnstic and Statistical Manual f Mental Disrders ( M) t classify, and describe psychlgical symptms f the disrders. It des nt explain r pssible. The mst recent editin, DSM-V (2013), describes ver psychlgical disrders cmpared t 60 in the 1950s. It prvides a cmmn fr clinicians t cmmunicate abut their patients and establishes and diagnses that can be used in the research f mental disrders. It als prvides a cmmn language fr researchers t study the criteria fr ptential future and t aid in the develpment f and ther interventins. Criticisms Disruptive dysregulatin disrder fr children Will it turn temper tantrums int a mental disrder and lead t vermedicatin? (Francis, 2012) Brings almst any kind f behavir within the cmpass f psychiatry (Eysenck et al., 1983) Will extend the f everyday life Critics f the DSM have always argued that may stigmatize individuals.

4 Labeling Psychlgical Disrders Critics argue that labels create that guide ur perceptins and ur interpretatins. David Rsenhan (1973) studied the biasing pwer f labels. Summarize Rsenhan s study based n the vide Being Sane in Insane Places A label can have a life and in influence f its wn (Rsenhan 1973) In videtaped interviews, thse believing the interviewee was a r patient perceived them as different frm mst peple. But if tld the interviewee was simply that, a jb applicant, they perceived the persn as. Getting a jb r finding a place t rent can be a challenge fr thse knwn t be just released frm r a Hllywd Prtrayals Further stigmatize mental disrders because Hllywd s gals are nt t necessarily, but t. Often, the mst sensatinal characteristics f a disrder are n the mvie screen t prduce in the viewer. Peple with disrders are prtrayed as bjects f humr r ridicule, as hmicidal maniacs, r freaks. POSITIVES Labels can be beneficial in allwing health prfessinals t abut cases, cmprehend underlying, and t discern effective prgrams. They als infrm patient self-understandings and are useful in research that explres the causes and treatments f disrdered behavir. Insanity Pleas Raise and questins abut hw sciety shuld treat peple wh have disrders and have cmmitted crimes. Shuld mentally ill individuals wh cmmit crimes be referred t psychiatric treatment r shuld they be punished?

5 Rates f Psychlgical Disrders Results f structured interviews with representative samples f thusands f citizens thrughut the wrld U.S. Natinal Institute f Mental Health estimates that % f adult Americans suffer frm a diagnsable mental disrder in a given year. WHO estimated the number f prir-year mental disrders in 20 cuntries Lwest = Highest = Immigrants t the U.S. have better mental health than their native cunterparts ( ) Wh is mst vulnerable? : crsses ethnic and gender lines Des pverty cause disrders r d disrders cause pverty? BOTH The incidence f serius psychlgical disrders has been high amng thse belw the pverty line.