1 Name Class Hour LAB: Understanding Muscular Actions Purpose: To provide practice in the identification of the prime mover, synergists, antagonists, and muscle actions of muscular activity by visual observation of a series of exercises. Objectives: At the completion of this laboratory, you should be able to: Define the following terms: Prime mover Synergist Antagoinist s: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, rotation, prehension Background Information: The purpose of this activity is to give you practice in determining which muscle groups are producing force in a movement and how they are acting while producing that force. Procedures to be completed prior to the lab session: Pulling Down of Lat Bar Latissimus Dorsi (Answer) Rhomboideus, Trapezius (Answer) Deltoid (Answer) Lat Pull Down: Shoulder Jt Adducts, Rotates and Extends arm (Answer) Back Extension in direction of #3 Back Extension
2 Leg Curl towards #2 Leg Curl 2 Triceps Extension towards #2 Triceps Extension Leg Extension towards #2 Leg Extension Arm Extension towards #3 Arm Extension
3 Abdominal Leg swings towards #2 Front Arm Raise towards #2 Front Arm Raise Bench Press towards #2 Bench press (Analyze 2 joints) Leg Press towards #2 Leg Press Analyze 2 joints
4 STUDENT ANSWER SHEET Pulling Down of Lat Bar Latissimus Dorsi (Answer) Rhomboideus, Trapezius (Answer) Deltoid (Answer) Adducts, Rotates and Extends arm (Answer) Back Extension Leg Curl Triceps Extension Leg Extension Arm Extension Abdominal Leg Swings Front Arm Raise
5 Bench Press Leg Press Problem Solving: 1. A patient does very strenuous workouts on the legs. Leg Presses, Squatting Weight, and leg extensions are utilized. a. The patient has hamstrings issues even though they are doing these 3 leg exercises. Which additional exercise listed in the activity would you recommend the patient perform to strengthen the hamstrings as well? b. List the prime mover of the suggested exercise. 2. A patient has a torn pectoralis major. The doctor recommends not using this muscle for 4-6 weeks. a. What exercises listed above should be avoided? b. Which exercises would the pectoralis major act as a synergist, but not the prime mover? 3. Which type of exercise would work the antagonists of the back extension? 4. An elderly man has trouble getting out of a chair. He primarily uses his arms to boost himself up out of the chair because his legs are too weak. a. What muscle groups should you target with a therapy program? b. List the exercises from the activity that could eventually be beneficial for your patient? 5. A patient has upper back/neck soreness and tightness. Choose from the list below as to which set of exercises would be utilized to warm up these muscles so they can be stretched and treated? A. Bench Press, Abdominal Leg Swings, Back Extensions B. Lat Pull downs, Front Arm Raise, Arm Extensions C. Triceps Extensions, Leg Extensions, Bench Press D. Abdominal Leg Swings, Back Extensions, Leg Curls 6. Explain why you chose the group of muscles from question #5. 7. If a person does 50 push ups, they would be getting a smilar workout to which 2 exercises above?