Muscular System Learners MUST KNOW R A G Locations of the major muscle groups

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1 Please do the following 1. Read the Learners must know section (see below) 2. Watch the GCSE POD video 3. Attempt Exam Questions 4. Mark your answers 5. Reflect and repeat until you are successful and understand all specification requirements GCSE POD: Muscular System Learners MUST KNOW R A G Locations of the major muscle groups. Know the names and location of these muscle groups. Deltoid Trapezius Latissimus dorsi Pectorals Biceps Triceps Abdominals Quadriceps Hamstrings Gluteals Gastrocnemius. Know and apply how these muscles can be used in sports with examples. The roles of muscle movement. Know the definitions and roles of the following muscles and be able to apply them to sporting examples Agonist Antagonist Fixator Antagonistic muscle action Physical Education (9-1) Muscular System Rafferty Gunn OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 1 of 10 Created in ExamBuilder

2 OCR ExamBuilder process constraints mean you may see slight differences between this paper and the original. Duration: Not set Candidates answer on the Question Paper. A calculator may be used in this paper. OCR supplied materials: Additional resources may be supplied with this paper. Other materials required: Pencil Ruler (cm/mm) Candidate forename Candidate surname Centre number Candidate number INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes above. Please write clearly and in capital letters. Use black ink. HB pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only. Answer all the questions. Read each question carefully. Make sure you know what you have to do before starting your answer. Write your answer to each question in the space provided. Additional paper may be used if necessary but you must clearly show your candidate number, centre number and question number(s). INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The quality of written communication is assessed in questions marked with a pencil or an asterisk. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. The total number of marks for this paper is 20. OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 2 of 10 Created in ExamBuilder

3 Answer all the questions. 1. Which one of the following physical activities might benefit the pectoral muscles the most? (a) Sit-ups (b) Straight leg stretches (c) Press-ups (d) Continuous running 2. Identify the type of joint found at the knee. Explain the role of the quadriceps and the hamstrings in flexing the knee. Type of joint Role of quadriceps Role of hamstrings [4] 3. Which one of the following muscle groups is found in the arms? (a) Abdominals (b) Triceps (c) Latissimus dorsi (d) Trapezius OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 3 of 10 Created in ExamBuilder

4 4. Which one of the following is the role of the synergist in muscle movement? (a) This is the prime mover of the muscle movement (b) This is the antagonist that opposes movement of the agonist (c) This stabilises the movement at the joint (d) This ensures that all movements can take place at the same time 5. The image below shows someone performing a bicep curl. Name the agonist and the antagonist muscles used when performing this move. Agonist: Antagonist: 6. Fig. 1 shows a diagram of the knee. Label the muscle group A and the bone B. Fig. 1 OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 4 of 10 Created in ExamBuilder

5 [2] 7. Which one of the following is the best description of an agonist? (a) The muscle that starts the movement (b) The muscle that lengthens during the movement (c) The muscle that relaxes during the movement (d) The muscle that opposes the movement 8. Which one of the following is an example of a muscle found in the back? (a) Triceps (b) Pectorals (c) Trapezius (d) Abdominals OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 5 of 10 Created in ExamBuilder

6 9. Which one of the following muscles is located in the upper part of the human body? Put a tick ( ) in the box next to the correct answer. (A) gastrocnemius (B) gluteals (C) hamstrings (D) pectorals 10. Fig. 4 shows a footballer preparing to kick the ball. Fig. 4 Explain the role of the quadriceps and hamstrings as the footballer prepares to kick the ball. [2] 11. Which one of the following muscle groups are mainly involved in moving the arms when performing a press up? (a) Biceps and quadriceps OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 6 of 10 Created in ExamBuilder

7 (b) Deltoids and hamstrings (c) Pectorals and triceps (d) Trapezius and latissimus dorsi 12. Describe, using a practical example for each, what is meant by the following terms for the roles of muscles in movement: Agonist Antagonist Synergist Antagonistic pairs [4] END OF QUESTION PAPER OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 7 of 10 Created in ExamBuilder

8 Mark scheme Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance 1 c. 1 4 marks for 4 from: 1 mark sub max for named joint: To gain full marks both quads and hams must be covered 1. Hinge / synovial hinge. in the answer: 3 marks sub max for the role of muscles in flexion at Sub max of two marks for the quads knee: 2 marks sub max for quads Sub max of two marks for the hams 2. Quads will help by stabilising / working against / opposes the hamstrings Do not accept flexing Accept extend for point 3 as eq to lengthen Quads relax / lengthen 4. Quads are the antagonists. Examiner s Comments 2 marks sub max for hams Most candidates could identify the hinge joint and the best candidates were able to explain the role of muscles in 5. Hamstrings will bend the knee flexing the knee. Some candidates confused the actions of the two groups of muscles and some did not read the 6. Hamstrings will contract / shorten question carefully which related to flexion at the knee rather than extension. 7. Hamstrings are the agonists / the prime mover. Total 4 3 b. Triceps 4 c. This stabilises the movement at the joint 5 Agonist Biceps Antagonist - Triceps 1 1 x (AO2) Must have both parts to gain the mark 6 Muscle group A Quadriceps Bone B Femur 2 2 x (AO1) One mark for each. Total 2 OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 8 of 10 Created in ExamBuilder

9 7 a. 8 c. 9 (D) Pectorals (Only muscle that is located at the front and upper part of the body other muscles are located at the back and lower part of the body) 1 1 x (AO1) 2 marks from: 1. Hamstrings and quadriceps work together in antagonistic pairs Whilst the knee is flexed the hamstrings contract / prime mover 3. Whilst the knee is flexed the quadriceps relax (in preparation for kicking the ball) / antagonists 2 2 x (AO3) Total 2 11 c. Pectorals and triceps Four marks for four from: Must use a practical example for each for a 1. (Agonist) The muscle that produces the movement / contracts / shortens or prime mover or the working muscle E.g. biceps in biceps curl 2. (Antagonist) Works to counter / opposes the action / relaxes / lengthens (of the agonist) or it mark to be scored. No practical example then no marks Pt3. No requirement to name the muscle for the synergist Do not accept work in pairs for Pt4 (in the question) controls the movement / the agonist E.g. the triceps in the biceps curl (Synergist) This helps the agonist / prime mover to produce the movement or they are [4] Examiner s Comments neutralisers or stabilise or supports the joint / body / movement The candidates who were successful in this question had E.g. the stabilising muscle (brachialis) in the seemed to have revised fully the roles of the agonist, biceps curl antagonist and synergist terms and were able to describe 4. (Antagonistic pairs) when the agonist and these using a practical example for each. Some antagonist work together or when one muscle candidates clearly knew the roles of each but did not give contracts the other relaxes or when one practical examples and therefore lost valuable marks. muscle lengthens the other shortens Candidates are reminded that when a question asks for a E.g. biceps and triceps in the biceps curl practical example then the examiner is seeking to test the application of knowledge. It is this application of knowledge that is often not shown by weaker candidates OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 9 of 10 Created in ExamBuilder

10 in particular, or for some, it is simply reading the question carefully to assess exactly what is required. Total 4 OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 10 of 10 Created in ExamBuilder