ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I Laboratory Version B Name Section REVIEW SHEET Exercise 10 Axial Skeleton 1 POINT EACH. THE SKULL MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The major components of the axial skeleton include the 7. The following are some of the bones of the cranium following A. pelvis A. zygomatic B. bony thorax B. parietal C. vertebral column C. temporal D. skull D. ethmoidal E. sphenoid 2. A fibrous joint between skull bones is called the: A. mandible 8. Other bones of the cranium include the following: B. ethmoid A. occipital C. cranium B. frontal D. suture C. maxillary E. none of the above D. A & B E. A & C 3. The only exception to skull bones joined by sutures is the joint between the: 9. There is a pair of the following bones A. mandible & temporal bones A. zygomatic B. maxilla & temporal bones B. lacrimal C. sphenoid & temporal bones C. parietal D. frontal & parietal bones D. temporal E. ethmoid & nasal bones E. frontal 4. The skull is composed of the following bones: 10. Sinuses function: A. maxilla & cranium A. as resonance chambers for speech B. cranium & facial bones B. to lighten the skull C. maxilla, mandible & cranial bones C. to create the bony sockets for the eyes D. frontal, parietal, occipital & temporal D. A & B only E. none of the above E A, B, & C are correct 5. The vertebral column protects the: 11. The orbit is: A. brain A. the bony outline of the nose B. brain & spinal cord B. where the sinuses are found C. spinal cord C. the keystone of the cranial bone D. vertebrae D. the bony socket of the eye E. spinal column E. the hole through which the spinal cord goes through 6. The bony thorax protects the following structures 12. The following bones form the orbit A. sphenoid A. heart B. ethmoid B. lungs C. frontal C. esophagus D. maxilla D. aorta & vena cavae (great vessels) E. temporal E. thyroid gland continued next page 1
13. is called the keystone of the cranial floor because 14. The following statements are true of cleft palate it articulates with all of the other cranial bones. A. frontal bone A. there is an opening in the palate B. parietal bone B. there is a continuity between the oral & nasal C. sphenoid bone cavities D. ethmoid bone C. the palatine processes of the maxillary bones fail E. occipital bone to fuse properly D. it occurs at the floor of the mouth E. the palatine bones do not fuse properly MATCH THE BONES ON THE LEFT COLUMN WITH THE MAJOR SUTURES OF THE SKULL THEY FORM. 15. left & right parietal bones 16. parietal bones & frontal bone 17. parietal bone & temporal bone 18. parietal bones & occipital bone A. coronal suture B. lambdoidal suture C. sagittal suture D. squamous suture MATCH THE BONE NAMES IN COLUMN B WITH THE DESCRIPTIONS IN COLUMN A. SOME CHOICES MAY BE USED MORE THAN ONCE. COLUMN A COLUMN B 19. forehead bone 20. cheekbone 21. lower jaw 22. bridge of the nose 23. posterior bones of the hard palate 24. much of the lateral & superior cranium 25. most posterior part of the cranium 26. single, irregular, bat-shaped bone forming part of cranial floor 27. tiny bones bearing tear ducts 28. superior & medial nasal conchae formed from its projections 29. anterior part of hard palate 30. site of mastoid process 31. site of sella tursica 32. site of cribiform plate 33. site of mental foramen 34. site of styloid process 35. one of the four sites of paranasal sinuses in forehead bone 36. one of the four sites of paranasal sinuses in anterior part of hard palate 37. one of the four sites of paranasal sinuses in cranial floor that is bat-shaped 38. one of the four sites of paranasal sinuses with cribiform process 39. condyles here articulate with the atlas 40. foramen magnum contained here 41. small U-shaped bone in neck, where many tongue muscles attach & gets fractured in strangulation 42. middle ear found here 43. forms nasal septum together with the ethmoid 44. bears an upward protrusion, the cock s comb or crita galli 45. the lower bone that contain alveoli bearing teeth 46. the upper bone that contain alveoli bearing teeth A. zygomatic B. vomer C. temporal D. lacrimal E. nasal AB. mandible AC. maxilla AD. occipital AE. palatine BD. sphenoid BC. parietal BE. hyoid CD. frontal CE. ethmoid Continued next page. 2
THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN MATCH THE CHOICES IN THE KEY WITH THE PARTS OF THE VERTEBRA IN THE DIAGRAM. NOT ALL CHOICES MAY BE USED. Key: A. pedicle D. body AC. transverse process B. intervertebral foramina E. vertebral arch AD. spinous process C. lamina AB. superior articular process AE. vertebral foramen USING THE SAME KEY ABOVE, IDENTIFY THE PARTS/AREAS DESCRIBED BELOW. 55. cavity enclosing the nerve cord 56. weight-bearing portion of the vertebra 57. provides articulation point for ribs & in the cervical vertebrae contain foramina 58. bifid in cervical, long & sharp in thoracic, & short & blunt in lumbar vertebrae 59. openings providing for exit of spinal nerves 60. forms part of enclosure for spinal cord besides the Body THE VERTEBRAE OF THE SPINAL COLUMN HAVE DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS MENTIONED BELOW. IDENTIFY THE SPECIFIC REGION BY CHOOSING FROM THE KEY. THERE SHOULD BE ONLY 1 BEST CHOICE FOR EACH NUMBER. Key: A. axis D. cervical vertebra (typical) AB. sacrum B. atlas E. lumbar vertebra AC. thoracic vertebra C. coccyx 61. vertebral type containing foramina in the transverse processes, through which the vertebral arteries ascend to reach the brain 62. dens here provides a pivot for rotation of the first cervical vertebra (C1) 63. composite bone; articulates with the hip bone laterally 64. massive vertebrae; weight-sustaining 65. tail bone ; vestigial fused vertebrae 66. supports the head; allows a rocking motion in conjunction with the occipital condyles 67. seven components; unfused 68. twelve components; unfused MULTIPLE CHOICE: 69. The spinal nerve exits from the vertebral column via: 70. The factors that allow the flexibility of the vertebral column A. the vertebral foramen are: B. intervertebral foramina A. S-shape of the spine C. between the pedicles of adjacent vertebrae B. the spinous processes D. A & C C. intervertebral discs E. B & C D. A & B Continued next page E. A & C 3
71. The following statements are true of a herniated disc 72. The following statements are true of the spinal curvatures A. is a ruptured intervertebral disc A. The thoracic & sacral curvatures are obvious birth. B. is when a portion of the intervertebral disc B. The thoracic & sacral curvatures are the primary protrudes outward curvatures. C. may cause pain or possibly paralysis C. The cervical & lumbar curvatures are the secondary D. may occur due to decrease in water content curvatures. of the intervertebral discs D. The cervical curvature develops when the baby begins E. pain or paralysis is due to compression of the to run. spinal cord E. The lumbar curvature develops when the baby begins to walk. IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING PARTS ON THE 2 VERTEBRAL TYPES BELOW. CHOICES ARE GIVEN IN THE KEY. Then, IDENTIFY THE SPECIFIC TYPE OF VERTEBRAL TYPE ILLUSTRATED. Key: A. sacrum B. cervical vertebra C. lumbar vertebra D. body E. spinous process AB. superior articular processes AC. thoracic vertebra AD. transverse processes IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURES INDICATED BY LEADER LINES ON THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN. CHOICES ARE GIVEN IN THE KEY. Key: A. atlas B. axis C. intervertebral disc D. sacrum E. 2 thoracic vertebrae AB. 2 lumbar vertebrae Continued next page.. 4
THE BONY THORAX MULTIPLE CHOICE 86. The major components of the thorax excluding the 88. The scientific name for true ribs is: vertebral column are the: A. vertebral ribs A. ribs B. vertebrochondral ribs B. sternum C. vertebrosternal ribs C. pelvis D. A & B only 89. The scientific name for false ribs ( not including the E. A, B, & C are correct floating ribs) is: A. vertebral ribs 87. The following statements are true of the ribs B. vertebrochondral ribs A. True ribs are directly attached to the sternum C. vertebrosternal ribs by means of its own costal cartilage B. A false rib may not be attached to the sternum at 90. The scientific name for floating ribs is: all. A. vertebral ribs C. The 8 th to the 12 th ribs are floating ribs.. B. vertebrochondral ribs D. A false rib attaches to the sternum indirectly. C. vertebrosternal ribs E. Ribs 1 to 7 are the true ribs. IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING REGIONS & LANDMARKS OF THE BONY THORAX. CHOICES ARE GIVEN IN THE KEY. Key: A. body B. costal cartilage C. false rib D. floating rib E. manubrium AB. sternal angle AC. sternum AD. true ribs AE. xiphisternal junction BC. xiphoid process The END 5
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