SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

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1 Exam Name SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Figure 7.1 Using Figure 7.1, match the following: 1) Articulates with hip bones of the pelvis. 2) Attach to ribs. 3) Receive the most stress. 4) Transverse foramen present. 5) No canals or foramen present. 6) Contains the atlas and the axis. 7) Contains the joint that allows you to rotate your head "no." 1

2 Figure 7.2 Using Figure 7.2, match the following: 8) Nasal septum. 9) Olfactory bulb sits on this. 10) Rooster's comb. MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1. Match the following: 11) These very small bones are at the medial border of each eye. 12) Failure of these anterior bones to fuse causes a condition known as cleft palate. 13) This bone houses the apparatus of the inner and middle ear. A) Temporal bones B) Sphenoid C) Lacrimal bones D) Maxilla 14) This bone is wing-shaped and extends behind the eyes and forms part of the floor of the cranial vault. Match the following: 15) The fingers have three of these bones and the thumb has only two. 16) This bone articulates with the glenoid fossa. A) Radius B) Humerus C) Phalanges 17) Forearm bone that articulates with most of the carpals. 2

3 Match the following: 18) Thickest centrum with short blunt spinous processes. 19) Fused rudimentary tailbone. 20) A circle of bone that articulates superiorly with the occipital condyles. A) Lumbar vertebrae B) Coccyx C) Atlas D) Thoracic vertebrae 21) These bones have articular facets for the ribs. 22) Allows the head to nod "yes." Match the following: 23) Lambdoid. 24) Sagittal. 25) Squamosal. 26) Coronal. A) Occipital and parietal B) Temporal and parietal C) Parietal and frontal D) Right and left parietal TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 27) All of the bones of the skull, except the mandible, are united by sutures and are therefore immovable. 28) The foramen magnum goes through the occipital bone. 29) The mastoid sinuses are located at a position in the skull where they are usually free from infections. 30) Ribs numbered 11 and 12 are true ribs because they have no anterior attachments. 31) The layman's name for the scapula is the collarbone. 32) Costal cartilages join ribs to the sternum. 33) The tubercle of a rib articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra. 34) In anatomical position, the lateral forearm bone is the radius. 35) The vomer forms part of the nasal septum. 36) The cranial vault of the skull is also called the calvaria. 37) The lacrimal bones contain openings that allow the tear ducts to pass. 38) The largest and strongest bone of the face is the maxilla. 3

4 39) Each intervertebral disc possesses a nucleus pulposus and an annulus fibrosus. 40) There are seven cervical, twelve thoracic, and five lumbar vertebrae. 41) Lordosis affects the thoracic vertebrae. 42) All vertebrae possess a body, a spine, and transverse foramina. 43) The dens articulates with the axis. 44) The master gland of the body (pituitary gland) is housed in a saddlelike depression in the temporal bone called the sella turcica. 45) The ischium articulates with both the ilium and the pubis. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 46) Which forms the major portion of the coxal bone? A) ischium B) ilium C) pubis D) pelvic 47) The inferiormost part of the sternum is the: A) ala. B) xiphoid process. C) body. D) manubrium. 48) The membranous areas between the cranial bones of the fetal skull are called: A) foramina. B) sutures. C) fontanels. D) areolas. 49) The axial skeleton contains: A) the skull, vertebral column, and pelvis. B) shoulder and pelvic girdles. C) arms, legs, hands, and feet. D) the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. 50) The ethmoid bone is composed of all of the following except the: A) superior nasal concha. B) cribriform plate. C) crista galli. D) inferior nasal concha. 51) Only the vertebra does not have a body. A) last lumbar B) axis C) last cervical D) atlas 52) The suture that connects the two parietal bones together is the: A) lambdoid. B) squamosal. C) coronal. D) sagittal. 53) The pituitary gland is housed in the: A) sinuses of the ethmoid. B) vomer bone. C) sella turcica of the sphenoid. D) foramen lacerum. 4

5 54) The hyoid bone is unique because: A) it is covered with mucosa. B) it is shaped like a plow. C) it is the only bone of the body that does not articulate with any other bone. D) it has no specific function. 55) The major function of the intervertebral discs is to: A) prevent injuries. B) string the vertebrae together. C) absorb shock. D) prevent hyperextension. 56) Which of the following is an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column often seen in the thoracic region? A) swayback B) lordosis C) scoliosis D) kyphosis 57) Which part of the vertebral column receives the most stress by bearing most of the weight of the body? A) the lumbar region B) the sacrum C) the cervical region D) the sacral promontory 58) The major function of the axial skeleton is to: A) provide central support for the body and protect internal organs. B) provide a space for the heart and lungs. C) give the body resilience. D) provide an attachment point for muscles that allow movement. 59) The "true wrist" or carpus consists of: A) the metacarpals. B) the phalanges. C) the styloid processes of the radius and ulna. D) a group of eight short bones united by ligaments. 60) The skull bone that the foramen magnum passes through is the: A) occipital. B) atlas. C) parietal. D) axis. 61) Which of the following is the abnormal curve often seen in pregnant women as they attempt to preserve their center of gravity toward the end of the pregnancy? A) spina bifida B) lordosis C) scoliosis D) kyphosis 62) A bone that contains diaphysis and epiphysis areas, a curvature for strength, and is proportionally more compact than spongy bone is the: A) talus. B) humerus. C) parietal bone. D) cervical vertebra. 63) The articulation that most closely resembles a hinge in the body involves which bones? A) femur-fibula B) humerus-ulna C) humerus-radius D) femur-tibia 5

6 64) The pelvic girdle does not include the: A) ischium. B) pubis. C) ilium. D) sacrum. 65) Which of the following bones is not weight bearing? A) tarsus B) tibia C) fibula D) femur 66) The tibia is in contact with which tarsus? A) calcaneus B) cuboid C) talus D) navicular SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 67) The heel bone is called the. 68) The lateral condyle of the femur articulates with the lateral condyle of the. 69) The medial condyle of the femur articulates with the medial condyle of the. 70) The styloid process of the points to the thumb. 71) Only the vertebrae have transverse foramina. 72) Your cheek is composed of the bone. 73) Why is the area just distal to the tubercles of the humerus called the surgical neck? 74) What are the fontanels and what advantages do they confer on the fetus? The mother? 75) Describe the composition of the intervertebral discs. 76) Describe the differences between the bones of the lower and upper limb and briefly state why these differences exist. 77) How do the first two cervical vertebrae differ from other cervical vertebrae? What are their functions? 78) Which are the four major sutural bones and between which bones are they found? ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 79) After having a severe cold accompanied by nasal congestion, Jamila complained that she had a frontal headache and that the right side of her face ached. What specific bony structures probably became infected by the bacteria or viruses causing the cold? 80) Sharon is a 32-year-old horse trainer. While training a young horse, she was thrown off of the horse and suffered a mild head injury. The nurse inquires about the use of a helmet. Sharon replies, "This is the first time I have ever had a head injury from a horse. I don't think I need a helmet." Based on your understanding of the skull, how should the nurse respond to the client? 81) You are a school nurse in a middle school. You are responsible for screening the children for scoliosis. What is involved in this screening? 6

7 82) When administrating cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the nurse should locate the tip of the xiphoid by placing two fingers on the xiphoid process and then placing the heel of the other hand just above this site on the lower half of the sternum. What complications do you think could occur if the nurse places his or her hand on the xiphoid process? 7

8 Answer Key Testname: 7-SKELETON.TST SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 1) D 2) B 3) C 4) A 5) E 6) A 7) A 8) D 9) B 10) A MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1. 11) C 12) D 13) A 14) B 15) C 16) B 17) A 18) A 19) B 20) C 21) D 22) C 23) A 24) D 25) B 26) C TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 27) TRUE 28) TRUE 29) FALSE 30) FALSE 31) FALSE 32) TRUE 33) TRUE 34) TRUE 35) TRUE 36) TRUE 37) TRUE 38) FALSE 39) TRUE 40) TRUE 41) FALSE 1

9 Answer Key Testname: 7-SKELETON.TST 42) FALSE 43) FALSE 44) FALSE 45) TRUE MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 46) B 47) B 48) C 49) D 50) D 51) D 52) D 53) C 54) C 55) C 56) C 57) A 58) A 59) D 60) A 61) B 62) B 63) B 64) D 65) C 66) C SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 67) calcaneus 68) tibia 69) tibia 70) radius 71) cervical 72) zygomatic 73) This area is called the surgical neck because it is the most frequently fractured part of the humerus. 74) The fontanels are regions of unossified, fibrous membrane in the skull allowing the cranium to enlarge and ease in the delivery of the child. 75) Intervertebral discs are composed of an inner semifluid nucleus pulposus, which gives the discs elasticity and compressibility, and a covering of fibrocartilage, the annulus fibrosus, which limits expansion and holds successive vertebrae together. 76) The lower limbs carry the weight of the body and are subjected to exceptional forces. These bones are thicker and stronger. The upper limb bones are adapted for flexibility and mobility and are therefore smaller and lighter. 77) The atlas or C1 vertebra has no body. It articulates with the skull with large curved articular surfaces to allow the skull to rock in a "yes" motion. The axis or C2 vertebra has a dens that allows the axis to pivot, giving the head the "no" motion. The vertebral foramen of the atlas is enlarged so that when the head is pivoted in the "no" motion, the spinal cord can move. 2

10 Answer Key Testname: 7-SKELETON.TST 78) 1. Coronal - parietal and frontal 2. Sagittal - between the parietal bones 3. Squamous - parietal and temporal 4. Lambdoidal - parietal and occipital ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 79) The paranasal sinusesπspecifically the frontal sinus located in the frontal bone and the right maxillary sinus located in the right maxilla. 80) The skull is the body's most complex bony structure. It is formed by cranial and facial bones. The cranial bones, or cranium, enclose and protect the fragile brain. A helmet would add extra protection in sports where there is an increased risk for head injury. 81) Scoliosis literally means "twisted disease" and is an abnormal lateral curvature that occurs most often in the thoracic region. It is quite common during late childhood. The nurse would need to observe the child standing erect, disrobed from the waist up. An older girl may leave her bra on. The child is observed from behind and the nurse would note any asymmetry of the shoulders and hips. With the child bending forward so that the back is parallel to the floor, the nurse may observe from the side, noting asymmetry or prominence of the rib cage. 82) The lungs could be punctured by the xiphoid process. 3