Recent FMD outbreaks and control strategy in Mongolia

Recent FMD outbreaks and control strategy in Mongolia GANZORIG Khuukhenbaatar, DVM Director, State Central Veterinary Laboratory, Government Implementation Agency for Veterinary and Animal Breeding, 2011.12.01 Tokyo, Japan

Mongolia divided into 3 types of administrative districts ; 21 aimag, 356 soum, 1600 bag. An Aimag is a self-dependant administrative and territorial division of Mongolia

Topography and border line of Mongolia

NUMBER OF LIVESTOCK, THOUSANDS Table 2. Development of the livestock population from 2000-2010 (in 000 heads) Year Camel Horse Cattle* Sheep Goats Total 2000 315.5 2609.4 3028.3 13206.0 10077.5 29236.7 2001 285.2 2190.8 2069.6 11928.1 9584.6 26058.3 2002 253.0 1988.9 1884.3 10636.6 9134.6 23897.4 2003 256.7 1968.9 1792.8 10756.4 10652.9 25427.7 2004 256.6 2005.3 1841.6 11686.4 12238.0 28027.9 2005 254.2 2029.1 1963.6 12884.5 13267.4 30398.8 2006 253.5 2114.8 2167.9 14815.1 15451.7 34802.9 2007 260.6 2239.5 2425.8 16990.1 18347.8 40263.8 2008 266.4 2186.9 2503.4 18362.3 19969.4 43288.5 2009 277.1 2221.3 2599.3 19274.7 19651.5 44023.9 2010 269.6 2176.0 1920.3 14480.4 13883.2 32929.5 Source: Mongolian Statistical Yearbook-2001-2010, National Statistical Office of Mongolia *Percentage of yaks in the cattle population is on average 15-20%.

EXPORT OF LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS CHINA (all available kinds of animal products), RUSSIA (frozen meat and livestock products for IU) KOREA (preserved meat products and antlers) JAPAN (cashmere and horse meat) GERMANY (sheep casings, cashmere ) ITALY and HOLLAND (sheep casings and cashmere) TURKEY (sheep casings and livestock products) JORDAN and SA(sheep casings and live sheep) UK, USA and MEXICO(cashmere) and etc.; IMPORT OF LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS CHINA, RUSSIA, KOREA & JAPAN (marine products, pork, chicken and high productive animals

FUTURE MARKETS» EU» SOUTH EAST ASIA» MIDDLE EAST MAIN PROBLEMS IN TRADE DISEASE SITUATION (FMD, SHEEP AND GOAT POX BRUSELLOSIS AND etc.) RESIDUE TESTING IN FOOD RPODUCTS

TRANSBOUNDARY ANIMAL DISEASE STATUS Disease Last case Status FMD April, 2010 infected Rinderpest Dec. 1991 Infection free May 2005 CBPP 1973 Under surveillance Sheep pox Jan. 2007 infected Goat pox Oct 2008 infected Avian Influenza 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2011 Cases in wild bird, but not in domestic

Number of provinces OFFICIALLY RECORDED OUTBREAKS OF FMD IN MONGOLIA 22 18 10 Artificial infection vaccination 5 2 1937-1947 1964-1974 2000 2010

Primary and secondary outbreaks of FMD during 2000-2006 and 2010

FMD situation in Mongolia and neighbouring countries in Asia ( January December 2010 and January - April 2011).

Outbreaks of FMD in 2010

TIME FRAME FOR FMD LAB/DIAGNOSIS AND NOTIFICATION TO CVO, OIE AND ReLa (APR-MAY/2010 CASE) REF/LAB INFORM TO CVO BSL III 4/30 21:25 4/30 21:25 5/01 21:25 Serum separation Isolation of RNA 5/01 05:00 5/01 04:50 5/01 04:50 5/01 10:30 5/01 05:00 Cell culture BHK 21 LPB ELISA for FMDV AG NaDr qrt-pcr FMDV DETECTION RT-PCR FMDV DETECTION + INFORM TO CVO 5/01 20:20 REPORTING TEST RESULT TO VETSERVICE RT-PCR FMDV SEROTYPE NSP ELISA 3AB&3ABC + 5/01 19:30 5/01 11:00 5/01 11:00 INFORM TO CVO + + + 5/01 16:30 zeer+/- О + OIE Sample 04/30 21:05 23 hours 05/01 20:00 05/04

Timing and number of FMD outbreaks from 2000-2010. Source: VABA, NEMA

Province Soum Herding household Number of culled livestock for FMD during outbreaks in 2000 2010 Years Total number of susceptible livestock in outbreak zone Number of culled livestock Expenses for compensation (thousand MNT) 2000 1 2 91 22,948 916 48,456.0 2001 6 16 496 760,915 1,201 96,720.0 2002 2 3 166 20,704 485 36,804.0 2004 3 8 374 90,804 2,317 254,325.0 2005 1 1 37 15,779 235 17,700.0 2006 1 1 1 24 24 774.0 2010 6 24 1,078 465,285 25,933 2,494,500.0 399,700 Sum 20 55 2,243 1,376,459 31,111 2,894,200,0 Source: VABA, NEMA

Number of culled livestock, by species (2000-2010) Year Camel Cattle Sheep Goat Pig Total 2000 54 552 152 158 0 916 2001 4 1159 16 20 2 1201 2002 0 435 46 4 0 485 2003 0 0 0 0 0 0 2004 0 2072 157 88 0 2317 2005 0 186 28 21 0 235 2006 0 4 20 0 0 24 2010 10 6730 13495 5698 0 25933 Sum 68 11138 13914 5989 2 31092 Source: VABA, NEMA

Nucleotide (VP1 gene) difference of Mongolian FMD isolates Institute for Animal Health, Vladimir, Russia 2002-10-29 2004-02-18 01 00 02 04 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 Percentage nucleotide difference 0

Confirmation test at international reference laboratories FGI-ARRIAH, Russia 2010-06-05 Pirbright, WRL, UK 2010-11-03 SEA topotype Mya-98 lineage

WHITE TAILED GAZELLE RANGE MAP Sokolov and Lushchekina, 1997

WHITE TAILED GAZELLE RANGE MAP Sokolov and Lushchekina, 1997

FMD IN GAZELLE Black tailed gazelle- Procarpa gutturosa gutturosa/subgutturos a, (in 2000 approx. 150.000) During the FMD and other severe infection, infected herd migrate faster, changing normal direction, leaving sick one White tailed gazelle- Procapra gutturosa (approx. 2 million in 1997, estimates in 2003 >1.5 million) Procapra gutturosa (Pallas, 1777)

FMDV RNA detection by rapid test SVANOVA DIP FMDV-Ag TEST Sp 99.5%, Sn 83.7% Results: FMD detected from gazelle saliva from Matad soum of Dornod province.

FMD infection surveillance in Gazelles, November 2010 Provinces Soums Local name Clinical signs Real time PCR result NSP ELISA results Sex Age Sample collection date Tuv Bayantsagaan Dov no negative negative M 3 2010.11.13 Tuv Bayantsagaan Dov no negative negative F 3 2010.11.13 Dundgovi Tsagaandelger Sumiin oir no positive negative M 1 2010.11.14 Tuv Bayantsagaan Onkh no positive negative M 5 2010.11.15 Tuv Bayantsagaan Onkh no negative negative M 4 2010.11.17 Tuv Bayantsagaan Onkh no positive negative M 3 2010.11.17 Tuv Bayantsagaan Dov no positive negative M 3 2010.11.18 Tuv Bayantsagaan Dov no positive negative M 5 2010.11.18 Tuv Bayantsagaan Dov no positive negative F 2 2010.11.18 Khentii Darkhan Ulaan undur no negative positive F 3 2010.11.21 Khentii Darkhan Ulaan undur no negative negative F 3 2010.11.21 Khentii Darkhan Ulaan undur no positive positive F 4 2010.11.21 Khentii Darkhan Ulaan undur no negative negative F 2 2010.11.21 Khentii Darkhan Ulaan undur no negative positive M 2 2010.11.21 Khentii Darkhan Ulaan undur yes positive negative M 3 2010.11.21 Khentii Darkhan Ulaan undur yes positive positive F 4 2010.11.21 Khentii Darkhan Bor undur no positive F 2 2010.11.21 Dornogovi Ikhhet no positive positive F 3 2010.11.22 Dornogovi Ikhhet no positive positive F 4 2010.11.22 Dornogovi Ikhhet no positive positive M 2 2010.11.22 Dornogovi Ikhhet no positive positive M 2 2010.11.22 Dornogovi Altanshiree Har teeg no positive сөрөг F 2 2010.11.23 Dornogovi Altanshiree Har teeg yes positive сөрөг F 1 2010.11.23 Sukhbaatar Tumuntsogt no positive сөрөг F 3 2010.11.26

Confirmation of Diagnosis EURO-SA ME-SA 0.02 SEA Phylogenetic tree of FMDV Cathay UKG/10/2001 (AJ311722) O/JPN/2000 (AB050978) O/Mongolia/2000 O/Mongolia/2001 O/CHA/2/99 (AJ318831) O/Russia/2000 O/Mongolia/2002 O/Russia/2004 O/Tajikistan/2003 O/Tajikistan/2001 O/Tajikistan/2002 O/AFG/201/2004 (EF457985) O/ISR/7/2007 (FJ561315) O/JOR/6/2006 (FJ561317) O/Kazakhstan/1/2007 O/PAK/10/2006 (EF494503) O1/Manisa/Turkey/69 (AJ251477) O/HLJOC12/CHA/03 (DQ119643) O/Mongolia/2004 O/MYA/2/2000 (DQ164927) O/LAO/2/2001 (EU667445) O/MYA/7/2002 (DQ164928) O/VN/SL192/2009 (HM055508) O/VN/QN133/2009 (GU582121) O/Mongolia/CO3/2010 O/Mongolia/C05/2010 TAW/81/97 AJ296321 O/Russia/1995 O/HKN/12/91 (AJ294921) O/PHI/5/95 (DQ164946) O/Corrientes/Arg/06 (DQ834727) O1/BFS (J02185) ARRIAH FMD Laboratory, Russia

FMD outbreaks have: usually been extensions of livestockassociated Asian pandemics (e.g. 2000/1/2; 2005; 2010) these pandemic viruses did not persist therefore, FMD is not endemic to Mongolia (accepted internationally!) but Mongolia has a high-risk area - eastern Steppe

Immunization of susceptible species in 2000-2010 (1,000 head) Province Soum Year Camel Cattle Sheep Goat Pig Young animals Total 2000 1 11 32.4 75.9 430.8 375.3 0.0 0.0 914.3 2001 11 102 95.2 1377.1 5812.4 2801.1 16.2 170.3 10272.2 2002 13 104 158.9 1446.2 7459.0 5022.4 23.7 155.5 14265.7 2003 10 85 143.5 814.9 4226.0 3896.9 4.1 1024.7 10110.1 2004 9 75 54.1 340.0 2627.4 1436.0 0.1 0.0 4457.6 2005 10 61 99.9 295.3 1839.1 2133.0 0.0 0.0 4367.2 2006 6 64 108.4 433.9 1472.8 943.1 24.6 0.0 2982.8 2007 6 65 140.5 426.1 1577.1 1211.3 8.2 0.0 3363.2 2008 8 72 104.6 454.5 2152.6 2310.0 0.0 0.0 5021.7 2009 4 49 93.3 299.3 584.8 583.3 0.0 0.0 1560.7 2010 7 71 28.1 506.3 3,583.6 2,601.4 1.6 0.0 6,720.9 Total 85 759 1,058.8 6,469.4 31,765.3 23,313.8 78.53 1,350.53 64,036.4

FAO TCP/MON 3304 -Further impact of FMD on livestock, wildlife and human health is prevented - Awareness about FMD issues is raised among stakeholders from different disciplines and backgrounds (farmers, rural dwellers, Agriculture and Natural Resource Ministries, NGO s, etc.) - Role of wildlife (Mongolian gazelle) in the FDM outbreak situation determined - Transition from stage 0 to Stage 1 of the FMD PCP approach in Mongolia supported - Epidemiology/ecology of FMD in Mongolia understood

Number of vaccinated animals in 2000-2010 (1,000 head) 16000.0 14000.0 14265.7 12000.0 10000.0 10272.3 10110.2 8000.0 6000.0 4000.0 2000.0 0.0 6720.9 5021.6 4457.6 4367.2 2960.6 3363.2 1900.8 914.3 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

2001 emergency and strategic vaccination map 2002 and 2003 vaccination map

2004 and 2005 vaccination map 2006 and 2007 vaccination map

2008 and 2009 vaccination map 2010 and 2011 vaccination map

ZONE DISEASE FREE WITHOUT VACCINETION Cabinet meeting on 24 August 2011 has adopted the regulation of FMD free zone establishment

FMD free zone, without vaccination 95 soum of 7 aimag. Over 300 private vet units 95 government vet and breeding units

Location of slaughter plants and major movement pattern of slaughter animals

Number of livestock in FMD free zone, without vaccination

Veterinary units and veterinarians in FMD free zone (June, 2011)

Diagnostic capacity of FMD in provincial and central level

Ongoing activities: FMD contingency plan Done Regulation to determine zones of FMD distribution, organizations of veterinary activities and control activities of animal movement. Done Regulation on animal identification and establishment of Central animal identification and information database Done

Government Vet and breeding units has established In 329 Soums Vehicles, IT equipments and Internet, epidemiology and GIS Mobile laboratory

Improvement of sanitary and quarantine capacity Mobile disinfection units Sprayers Foggers Fixed disinfection units Supply with mobile corrals and disinfection units

Sampling frame for serological surveillance in FMD free zone in 2010

Sampling frame for serological surveillance in FMD free zone in 2011 sample size was set at 155 herds and 60 samples per herd.

28 October 2011

On site risk assessment with Russian FMD experts and inspection officers

Thank you for your attention