Among the agency's 2006 accomplishments were the following:

Similar documents
SOLVING THE CHALLENGES OF HIV - SINCE Long Island Association for AIDS Care, Inc.

- SINCE ANNUAL REPORT

Care. No Matter What 2016 ANNUAL REPORT

Board of Directors. Daniel Ledo Chairman. Judy Field Vice President and Treasurer. Evie Baker Secretary. Christina Siciliano Board Member

2017 ANNUAL REPORT. Planned Parenthood Hudson Peconic CARE. NO MATTER WHAT.

Good Neighbors Annual Report 2016

Annual Report

CECIL COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT ANNUAL REPORT FISCAL YEAR 2004 JULY 1, JUNE 30, 2004

2015 ANNUAL REPORT. Together IT S POSSIBLE

Women s Resource Center

CHAPTER GUIDELINES Contents: Updated: Fall 2017

Disabled and Alone/Life Services for the Handicapped, Inc.

Support the arts and our community! Featuring 2 days of awesome Regional, National and International blues acts. Drawing fans from all over the world!

ANNUAL REPORT

2018 PARTNERSHIP OPPORTUNITIES

for being a Team Leader

The Board of Directors is responsible for hiring a fulltime, paid Executive Director that manages the dayto-day operations of the organization.

FAWL s Outstanding Public Service Award Nomination Form Deadline March 3, 2014

THE NEW YORK CITY AIDS FUND

MENTAL HEALTH AMERICA OF ARIZONA

AIDS Foundation of Chicago Strategic Vision

$.25 Cents a Meal. Meals that Matter. Become a Positive Force

Sponsorship Information

TABLE OF CONTENTS. Contents

Mental Health Association of Southwest Florida

JANUS NEWS. Season s. Greetings! In This Issue: Do good and good will come back to you. - Priyanka Rajgor. The Future Looks Bright At Janus

Position Profile Chief Executive Officer Feeding America San Diego San Diego, CA

Community Partners. Fundraising. helpful tips, tools and resources for community partners

JOINT TESTIMONY. Homeless Services United Catherine Trapani Executive Director, HSU

Working Together. Annette, Britepaths Financial Mentoring Client

FISCAL YEAR 2017 ANNUAL REPORT

Giving. from the. H e a r t

Please review and complete the enclosed Sponsorship/Vendor Commitment Form and return as soon as possible.

CHANGING THE HIV/AIDS PARADIGM Strategic Plan FY 2014/15 FY 2019/20

Teaming Agreement. Grant of Charter and License. Dues. Name and Logo. Mission Commitment. Chapter Standards Compliance.

IC Chapter 4. Indiana Tobacco Use Prevention and Cessation Trust Fund

A YEAR IN REVIEW 2016/17 ANNUAL REPORT

70.4% of clients rated the services they received as excellent and 25.9% rated the services as very good. Specialized Clinical Services:

GREATER LOS ANGELES AGENCY ON DEAFNESS, INC. Executive Agency Board of Directors Wednesday, February 7, 2018 MINUTES

Program Sponsorship Packet

OCD Massachusetts, Inc. (Obsessive Compulsive Foundation Inc.)

Support the Community that Supports Your Business!

Do your little bits of good where you are; it s those little bits of good put together that overwhelm the world. Bishop Desmond Tutu

Toolkit for Hosting a Community Event

An FTD grassroots fundraising toolkit for educators and eaters.

2017 COMMUNITY IMPACT REPORT MEMBER OF

May 16, Day of Action. Toolkit

WE CAN TURN ONE DOLLAR INTO FOUR MEALS

LEXINGTON SCHOOL & CENTER FOR THE DEAF ANNUAL REPORT

Dear Friend of SAY, Together, we are making a difference. Matt Martin, Executive Director

TOBACCO CONTROL PROGRAM COMMUNITY GRANT. REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS- Release Date: October 2, 2018 Application Deadline: October 19, 2018 at 5:00 PM

Women s Prison Association Corporate Partnerships

Annual Report.

Restoring Lives Annual Report

13 th ANNUAL EMINENCE GALA

REGIONAL SPECIALIZED GERIATRIC SERVICES GOVERNANCE AUTHORITY. Call for Expressions of Interest from Seniors Advocate/Public Member

MISSION. The Spina Bifida Association promotes the prevention of Spina Bifida and enhances the lives of all affected.

Request for Proposals for a Clean Syringe Exchange Program

WELCOME FA MAINE CHAPTER ORIENTATION GUIDE TO THE. Rev January 2014

Sponsorship Prospectus

Randolph County. State of the County Health Report 2014

Cardboard City Sponsorships 2015

SOCIAL IMPACT STATEMENT Enhancing Lives Together we ll maximise our social impact

Services and Support Information Leaflet

Florida s Children First, Inc. Strategic Plan

Sponsorship Opportunities June 4, 2018 Marriott Marquis Washington, DC

Building Our 30 Year Legacy Annual Report gaycenter.org

University of Prince Edward Island PANDEMIC PREPAREDNESS PLAN. October 7, 2009

Letter from the President

WHO DO I CONTACT WITH QUESTIONS? Our team is happy to answer any questions or address any concerns that you may have.

4. Project Inform does receive restricted donations from corporations, non-profits, foundations, and government entities.

SPONSORSHIP PROPOSAL. October 7, to 9 p.m. Leu Gardens 1920 North Forest Avenue, Orlando, FL

(City, State, Zip Code)

Hunger & Homelessness Awareness Week November 11-19, Media Outreach Toolkit

2014ANNUALREPORT. Ending hunger through community partnerships!

Strengthening Communities. ANNUAL REPORT

Chef Sponsorship Packet

CAMERON COUNTY CHILDREN S ADVOCACY CENTERS, INC.

Neighbors. Helping. within. Our Community 2017 ANNUAL REPORT

Executive Director Position Announcement August, 2018

ANNUAL REPORT. Temporary Assistance for Domestic Crisis Shelter-Counseling-Advocacy-Prevention.

CITY OF STAMFORD Liberation Programs, Inc. - Grant Request

THIRD-PARTY FUNDRAISING TOOLKIT

Annual Report. Everyone Has Something to Offer PSYCHO-SOCIAL REHABILITATION CENTER, INC. -DBA South Dixie Highway, South Miami, Florida 33143

Sponsorship. Opportunities

Oklahoma Brain Tumor Foundation

2018 EVENT SPONSORSHIP

CHILDREN S ADVOCACY CENTER EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR SEARCH

SPONSORSHIP OPPORTUNITIES MAY 10, 2017 NATIONAL BUILDING MUSEUM 440 G STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, D.C. MARCHOFDIMES.ORG/GOURMETGALA

HOW TO START A CHAPTER OF STAND FOR THE SILENT

BUILDING EXTRAORDINARY MEN FOR TOMORROW

2018 Youth of the Year Luncheon January 31, 2018 Marriott Marquis 11:30am 1:30pm

RESCUE MISSION NEWS A PUBLICATION OF BRIDGEPORT RESCUE MISSION. Everyone is Welcome

Celebrating a Year of Milestones and Momentum for Mental Health 2014 ANNUAL REPORT. B More Clubhouse, Baltimore Maryland USA

Multiple Sclerosis Center of Southwest Florida Inc.

2018 RACE FOR THE CURE

SPONSORSHIP PROPOSAL. NATIONAL HEALTH CENTER WEEK 2 nd Annual UNITED FAMILY MEDICINE S HEALTHY WEST 7 TH

Community Friends THIRD PARTY FUNDRAISING

Did you know that mental health issues affect one in four individuals?

Transcription:

Message from The CEO This year s annual report looks ahead after celebrating twenty years of service to Long Islanders infected and affected by HIV/AIDS. With changes in the epidemic and since people at risk for HIV frequently face a number of other complications in their life - sexually transmitted diseases, addictions, poverty, hunger, etc. - it was time for the Long Island Association for AIDS Care, Inc. (LIAAC) to look at a top-to-bottom reorganization. We began with changes to our Board of Directors. We added four new board members that are younger than our average aged members and will bring fresh new perspectives to the agency since they are working in related fields. On the executive side of the Board of Directors, the Board decided to incorporate a Co - Chair format. The Board Co - Chair positions are currently filled by John Haigney, who has devoted over twenty years to HIV/AIDS service, and Gary Gumbs, who brings both a faith-based prospective, as well as direct experience as a substance abuse treatment provider. Our next focus was a revision to our Mission Statement. As shown on page 5 in bold, these additions more accurately reflect that non-hiv services are now an integral part of LIAAC. Next will be restructuring of our upper management team. The inclusion of representatives from human resources and information technology will facilitate the expansion of our technology base, and our recruitment of talented staff capable of providing complimentary services along with our existing HIV/AIDS programs. 1

2006 Highlights Like years past, 2006 was an incredibly busy year for LIAAC as we worked to meet the needs of individuals and families living with HIV and delivered targeted prevention interventions designed to prevent transmission of the disease. Among the agency's 2006 accomplishments were the following: Provided comprehensive case management services to almost 800 Long Islanders living with HIV/AIDS, ensured timely and direct access to primary medical care, medications, public benefits, drug/alcohol treatment, mental health services and other programs designed to enhance their quality of life. Facilitated 66 support groups for people living with HIV/AIDS and their families in Huntington, Riverhead and Rockville Centre. Delivered 15,516 ready-to-heat meals and 2,934 pantry bags to Long Islanders living with HIV/AIDS and their families, enhancing their health through adequate nutrition. Provided free and confidential legal services to 56 clients who requested help with wills, health care proxies, debt management, bankruptcy and other civil legal matters. Hosted a spectacular holiday party at the LINCS Community Center for more than 150 HIV-affected children and their parents/guardians. Young people and their parents dined, danced, received gifts and enjoyed the special joy of the season. 2

Despite treatment advances, HIV remains a serious and invariably fatal illness. Still, HIV is completely preventable and limiting the spread of the disease remains central to LIAAC's mission. In 2006, LIAAC: Conducted 400 dynamic HIV prevention education programs and activities reaching more than 9,500 Long Islanders with critical messages and concrete strategies designed to maximize healthy behaviors. Continued three empirically based initiatives - Focus on Kids, Street Smart and Safety Counts that are multiple-session interventions targeting adolescents. These interventions were run in a variety of settings across Nassau and Suffolk. Conducted secondary prevention programs reaching 250 HIV-positive individuals with messages, tools and strategies designed to help them maintain their own health and protect the health of others. Served more than 4,000 people via Project Safety Net - our mobile outreach teams provided those at highest risk for HIV with risk reduction counseling, printed health information and screened referrals. Fast-tracked active drug and alcohol users directly into treatment slots through a partnership with Seafield Center. Provided counseling, rapid HIV testing and screened referrals to 797 Long Islanders concerned about HIV/AIDS. 3

Answered 14,000 hotline calls from people with HIV/AIDS requesting help, their families, as well as local residents seeking information about the disease and personal strategies for prevention. As the chorus of voices speaking out about the continued threat associated with HIV/AIDS waned, LIAAC redoubled its efforts to put a loud voice and human face to the epidemic on Long Island. As such, LIAAC: Participated in more than 50 media stories about HIV/AIDS, including staff and client appearances in major national publications, on international websites, on local television and on the tri-state's most popular radio stations. Educated federal, state and local lawmakers about the status of HIV/AIDS in our community, the emergent Hepatitis C crisis, and the rapid increase in sexual transmitted diseases in our region, as well as the potential impact of budget cuts on people living with HIV. Reached more than 100,000 visitors worldwide through our educational website located at www.liaac.org. Successfully held Chef's Secrets II - Long Island's largest World AIDS Day fundraiser - featuring four great honorees, nationally renowned chefs, exceptional food and a treasure-filled auction. 4

Our Mission LIAAC is a regional community based 501(c) (3) not-for-profit agency delivering comprehensive services to all Long Islanders infected and affected by HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases. Additional priorities include services and supplemental support to promote health and wellness. Utilizing a field-based mobile outreach model; our professionally trained staff are committed to providing a continuum of quality client services, responsible public policy, aggressive advocacy and effective testing/prevention education. LIAAC s driving philosophy is to provide a stable and comprehensive safety net that ensures our services reach the many diverse communities of Nassau and Suffolk Counties. Building partnerships with other service providers moved our Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) grant proposals in new directions. Project Safety Net, a five-year testing and treatment referral mobile outreach grant, ended in September 2006. LIAAC re-applied for Project Enhanced Safety Net and was awarded one of twelve grants given out across the country. LIAAC was one of two organizations nationwide that received replacement funding. This project includes partnerships with a substance abuse treatment organization and a minority services agency. LIAAC also received a grant from the federal Office of Minority Health that includes BiasHELP and EOC of Suffolk as key partners. In addition, LIAAC is working in partnership with LINCS on a New York State Tobacco Control grant and a Drug Free Communities grant in the Riverhead area. Our pilot Crystal Methamphetamine Reduction program also received funding this year from the NYS 5

Assembly. In addition to LIAAC s own HIV nutrition program, our Hunger Prevention and Nutrition Assistance Program (HPNAP) grant which provides food to at-risk, food-insecure populations, received an increase in funding as a result of our success in year one of the initiative. Last year s annual report highlighted changes in development and the addition of Chef s Secrets as LIAAC s annual agency fundraising event. Chef s Secret II was a huge success in 2006 and in keeping with the spirit of partnership, not only will Chef s Secrets III be held in a larger venue, LIAAC will also be a recipient agency, along with BiasHELP, who is celebrating its ten year anniversary. The Long Island Network of Community Services, Inc. (LINCS), with support from BiasHELP and LIAAC staff, board and volunteers, will be responsible for the production of Chef s Secrets III supporting a multitude of different services to the Long Island region. The next decade for LIAAC will continue to look toward new partners to provide services to those who are HIV infected, testing and prevention of HIV, as well as new services and supplemental support to promote health and wellness to Long Island s most vulnerable populations and communities. 6

Board of Directors Executive Committee John Haigney, M.Div., Board Co-Chair Gary Gumbs, BA, BS, Board Co-Chair Lila Mester, Secretary Thomas J. Fabbricante, BS, Board Member-at-Large Gail Barouh, Ph.D, President/CEO* Board Members Richard Berman, MA Bernadette Brochard, RN, BS, CCRN John R. Lewin, BA, MBA, CFP, CTFA Donna T. Bacon, Ed.D. Matthew F. Napolitano, BA Edwin Velazquez, LMSW Management Team Gail Barouh, Ph.D. President/CEO Deborah Kinzer, MBA Vice President/CFO Jeffrey L. Reynolds, MPA Vice President for Public Affairs Jeffrey Friedman, MA Vice President for Agency Operations Catherine Hart, LMSW Vice President for Organizational Development Karen L. Ross, MA Chief Program Officer * Full Voice, No Vote 7

2006 Financials assets: Cash & Investments $ 1,440,164 Contracts Receivable $ 1,141,471 Fixed Assets $ 295,850 Other Assets $ 116,450 Total Assets $ 2,993,935 Liabilities: Accounts Payable & Accrued Expense $ 371,628 Accrued Compensation $ 338,909 Contract Advances $ 773,502 Total Liabilities $ 1,484,039 Net Assets: Net Assets - Unrestricted $ 1,509,896 Total Liabilities & Net Assets $ 2,993,935 Revenues: Government Grants $ 4,680,624 Contributions & Donations $ 82,051 Medicaid Services (Community Follow-Up Program) $ 490,389 Volunteer Services $ 88,200 Fundraising $ 204,389 Other $ 103,352 Total Revenues $ 5,649,005 8

Expenses: Case Management Services $ 2, 655,027 Prevention Education, Testing, & Advocacy $ 1,444,494 Outreach and Development $ 199,965 Hotline, Nutrition & Legal Services $ 622,556 General Operations $ 841,535 Fundraising $ 22,995 Total Expenses $ 5,786,572 2006 Revenue 2006 Expenses A complete copy of our financial statements is available upon request by calling (631) 385-2451. 9

Message from The CEO This year s annual report looks ahead after celebrating twenty years of service to Long Islanders infected and affected by HIV/AIDS. With changes in the epidemic and since people at risk for HIV frequently face a number of other complications in their life - sexually transmitted diseases, addictions, poverty, hunger, etc. - it was time for the Long Island Association for AIDS Care, Inc. (LIAAC) to look at a top-to-bottom reorganization. We began with changes to our Board of Directors. We added four new board members that are younger than our average aged members and will bring fresh new perspectives to the agency since they are working in related fields. On the executive side of the Board of Directors, the Board decided to incorporate a Co - Chair format. The Board Co - Chair positions are currently filled by John Haigney, who has devoted over twenty years to HIV/AIDS service, and Gary Gumbs, who brings both a faith-based prospective, as well as direct experience as a substance abuse treatment provider. Our next focus was a revision to our Mission Statement. As shown on page 5 in bold, these additions more accurately reflect that non-hiv services are now an integral part of LIAAC. Next will be restructuring of our upper management team. The inclusion of representatives from human resources and information technology will facilitate the expansion of our technology base, and our recruitment of talented staff capable of providing complimentary services along with our existing HIV/AIDS programs. YES, I WANT TO SUPPORT LIAACS IMPORTANT WORK IN THE LONG ISLAND COMMUNITY! Please find enclosed my tax-deductible contribution of $. YOUR NAME ORGANIZATION (if applicable) MAILING ADDRESS CITY / TOWN STATE ZIP CODE PHONE (day) EMAIL ADDRESS Please mail to: LIAAC 60 Adams Avenue Hauppauge, NY 11788 1 10

2006 Financials Despite treatment advances, HIV remains a serious and invariably fatal illness. Still, HIV is completely preventable and limiting the spread of the disease remains central to LIAAC's mission. In 2006, LIAAC: Conducted 400 dynamic HIV prevention education programs and activities reaching more than 9,500 Long Islanders with critical messages and concrete strategies designed to maximize healthy behaviors. Continued three empirically based initiatives - Focus on Kids, Street Smart and Safety Counts that are multiple-session interventions targeting adolescents. These interventions were run in a variety of settings across Nassau and Suffolk. Conducted secondary prevention programs reaching 250 HIV-positive individuals with messages, tools and strategies designed to help them maintain their own health and protect the health of others. Served more than 4,000 people via Project Safety Net - our mobile outreach teams provided those at highest risk for HIV with risk reduction counseling, printed health information and screened referrals. Fast-tracked active drug and alcohol users directly into treatment slots through a partnership with Seafield Center. Provided counseling, rapid HIV testing and screened referrals to 797 Long Islanders concerned about HIV/AIDS. assets: Cash & Investments $ 1,440,164 Contracts Receivable $ 1,141,471 Fixed Assets $ 295,850 Other Assets $ 116,450 Total Assets $ 2,993,935 Liabilities: Accounts Payable & Accrued Expense $ 371,628 Accrued Compensation $ 338,909 Contract Advances $ 773,502 Total Liabilities $ 1,484,039 Net Assets: Net Assets - Unrestricted $ 1,509,896 Total Liabilities & Net Assets $ 2,993,935 Revenues: Government Grants $ 4,680,624 Contributions & Donations $ 82,051 Medicaid Services (Community Follow-Up Program) $ 490,389 Volunteer Services $ 88,200 Fundraising $ 204,389 Other $ 103,352 Total Revenues $ 5,649,005 3 8

Our Mission LIAAC is a regional community based 501(c) (3) not-for-profit agency delivering comprehensive services to all Long Islanders infected and affected by HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases. Additional priorities include services and supplemental support to promote health and wellness. Assembly. In addition to LIAAC s own HIV nutrition program, our Hunger Prevention and Nutrition Assistance Program (HPNAP) grant which provides food to at-risk, food-insecure populations, received an increase in funding as a result of our success in year one of the initiative. Utilizing a field-based mobile outreach model; our professionally trained staff are committed to providing a continuum of quality client services, responsible public policy, aggressive advocacy and effective testing/prevention education. LIAAC s driving philosophy is to provide a stable and comprehensive safety net that ensures our services reach the many diverse communities of Nassau and Suffolk Counties. Building partnerships with other service providers moved our Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) grant proposals in new directions. Project Safety Net, a five-year testing and treatment referral mobile outreach grant, ended in September 2006. LIAAC re-applied for Project Enhanced Safety Net and was awarded one of twelve grants given out across the country. LIAAC was one of two organizations nationwide that received replacement funding. This project includes partnerships with a substance abuse treatment organization and a minority services agency. LIAAC also received a grant from the federal Office of Minority Health that includes BiasHELP and EOC of Suffolk as key partners. In addition, LIAAC is working in partnership with LINCS on a New York State Tobacco Control grant and a Drug Free Communities grant in the Riverhead area. Our pilot Crystal Methamphetamine Reduction program also received funding this year from the NYS Last year s annual report highlighted changes in development and the addition of Chef s Secrets as LIAAC s annual agency fundraising event. Chef s Secret II was a huge success in 2006 and in keeping with the spirit of partnership, not only will Chef s Secrets III be held in a larger venue, LIAAC will also be a recipient agency, along with BiasHELP, who is celebrating its ten year anniversary. The Long Island Network of Community Services, Inc. (LINCS), with support from BiasHELP and LIAAC staff, board and volunteers, will be responsible for the production of Chef s Secrets III supporting a multitude of different services to the Long Island region. The next decade for LIAAC will continue to look toward new partners to provide services to those who are HIV infected, testing and prevention of HIV, as well as new services and supplemental support to promote health and wellness to Long Island s most vulnerable populations and communities. 5 6

Board of Directors Executive Committee John Haigney, M.Div., Board Co-Chair Gary Gumbs, BA, BS, Board Co-Chair Lila Mester, Secretary Thomas J. Fabbricante, BS, Board Member-at-Large Gail Barouh, Ph.D, President/CEO* Board Members Richard Berman, MA Bernadette Brochard, RN, BS, CCRN John R. Lewin, BA, MBA, CFP, CTFA Donna T. Bacon, Ed.D. Matthew F. Napolitano, BA Edwin Velazquez, LMSW Management Team Gail Barouh, Ph.D. President/CEO Deborah Kinzer, MBA Vice President/CFO Jeffrey L. Reynolds, MPA Vice President for Public Affairs Jeffrey Friedman, MA Vice President for Agency Operations Catherine Hart, LMSW Vice President for Organizational Development Karen L. Ross, MA Chief Program Officer Answered 14,000 hotline calls from people with HIV/AIDS requesting help, their families, as well as local residents seeking information about the disease and personal strategies for prevention. As the chorus of voices speaking out about the continued threat associated with HIV/AIDS waned, LIAAC redoubled its efforts to put a loud voice and human face to the epidemic on Long Island. As such, LIAAC: Participated in more than 50 media stories about HIV/AIDS, including staff and client appearances in major national publications, on international websites, on local television and on the tri-state's most popular radio stations. Educated federal, state and local lawmakers about the status of HIV/AIDS in our community, the emergent Hepatitis C crisis, and the rapid increase in sexual transmitted diseases in our region, as well as the potential impact of budget cuts on people living with HIV. Reached more than 100,000 visitors worldwide through our educational website located at www.liaac.org. Successfully held Chef's Secrets II - Long Island's largest World AIDS Day fundraiser - featuring four great honorees, nationally renowned chefs, exceptional food and a treasure-filled auction. * Full Voice, No Vote 7 4

2006 Highlights Expenses: Case Management Services $ 2, 655,027 Prevention Education, Testing, & Advocacy $ 1,444,494 Outreach and Development $ 199,965 Hotline, Nutrition & Legal Services $ 622,556 General Operations $ 841,535 Fundraising $ 22,995 Total Expenses $ 5,786,572 2006 Revenue Like years past, 2006 was an incredibly busy year for LIAAC as we worked to meet the needs of individuals and families living with HIV and delivered targeted prevention interventions designed to prevent transmission of the disease. Among the agency's 2006 accomplishments were the following: Provided comprehensive case management services to almost 800 Long Islanders living with HIV/AIDS, ensured timely and direct access to primary medical care, medications, public benefits, drug/alcohol treatment, mental health services and other programs designed to enhance their quality of life. Facilitated 66 support groups for people living with HIV/AIDS and their families in Huntington, Riverhead and Rockville Centre. Delivered 15,516 ready-to-heat meals and 2,934 pantry bags to Long Islanders living with HIV/AIDS and their families, enhancing their health through adequate nutrition. 2006 Expenses Provided free and confidential legal services to 56 clients who requested help with wills, health care proxies, debt management, bankruptcy and other civil legal matters. Hosted a spectacular holiday party at the LINCS Community Center for more than 150 HIV-affected children and their parents/guardians. Young people and their parents dined, danced, received gifts and enjoyed the special joy of the season. A complete copy of our financial statements is available upon request by calling (631) 385-2451. 9 2