Study Plan: Session 1 6. Practice learning the vocabulary. Use the electronic flashcards from the Classical The Development of Classical : The Basic Principles of Classical Conditioned Emotional Reponses: The Case of CULTURE AND COMMUNITY Is it Possible that Humans have an Innate Ability to Understand Geometry? Operant The Development of Operant : The The Basic Principles of Operant HOT SCIENCE Control of : From the in Humans in Animals Neural Elements of Habituation: A Simple Case of Cognitive Approaches to Implicit and Explicit Use Distinct WHERE DO YOU STAND? Rewards Classical 1. List three key ideas in the definition of learning and discuss the relationship between learning and behaviorism. 2. Describe classical conditioning. In doing so, identify the unconditioned stimulus (US), unconditioned response (UR), conditioned stimulus (CS), and conditioned response (CR) in Pavlov s experiments and other preparations, including drug overdoses. 3. Compare the acquisition, second-order conditioning, extinction, and spontaneous recovery of a classically conditioned response. 4. Discuss how stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination occur in classical conditioning. 5. Describe the events surrounding the experience of, noting in particular how this case appeared to bolster the behaviorist view of conditioned emotional responses. 6. Identify the cognitive elements of classical conditioning, with focus on the principles identified in the Rescorla-Wagner model. 7. Distinguish between delay and trace conditioning, and discuss how these procedures can shed light on the role of consciousness in classical conditioning. 8. Identify the neural elements of classical conditioning, with a focus on the involvement of the cerebellum, hippocampus, and amygdala. 9. Identify the evolutionary elements of classical conditioning, especially conditioned food aversions and preferences and the concept of biological preparedness. page 1
Study Plan: Session 2 6. Practice learning the vocabulary. Use the electronic flashcards from the Classical The Development of Classical : The Basic Principles of Classical CULTURE AND COMMUNITY Is it Possible that Humans have an Innate Ability to Understand Geometry? Operant The Development of Operant : The The Basic Principles of Operant HOT SCIENCE Control of : From the in Humans in Animals Neural Elements of Habituation: A Simple Case of Cognitive Approaches to Implicit and Explicit Use Distinct WHERE DO YOU STAND? Rewards Operant 10. Define operant conditioning and distinguish between a classically conditioned response and an operant response. 11. Describe Thorndike s puzzle box and state the. 12. Discuss the methodological and theoretical contributions of B. F. Skinner to the study of reinforcement and punishment, including how reinforcement can produce superstitious behavior. 13. Define and give an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment. 14. Describe types of primary and secondary reinforcers and punishers; also distinguish between extrinsic and intrinsic reinforcers, and describe the overjustification effect. 15. Discuss the role of context in operant conditioning by describing the three-term contingency and noting the roles of discrimination and generalization in the stimulus control of behavior. 16. Describe how an operant response is extinguished and contrast operant extinction with extinction of a classically conditioned response. 17. Explain how schedules of reinforcement affect learning; include examples of fixed interval, fixed ratio, variable interval, and variable ratio schedules. 18. Explain how the shaping of successive approximations to a desired behavior can eventually produce that behavior. 19. Identify the cognitive elements of operant conditioning, especially the concepts of latent learning and cognitive maps identified by Edward Chace Tolman. 20. Identify the neural elements of operant conditioning, with a focus on the involvement of structures in the pleasure center of the brain. 21. Identify the evolutionary elements of operant conditioning, especially the misbehavior of organisms that was first identified by Marion and Kellar Breland. page 2
Study Plan: Session 3 6. Practice learning the vocabulary. Use the electronic flashcards from the Classical The Development of Classical : The Basic Principles of Classical CULTURE AND COMMUNITY Is it Possible that Humans have an Innate Ability to Understand Geometry? Operant The Development of Operant : The The Basic Principles of Operant HOT SCIENCE Control of : From the in Humans in Animals Neural Elements of Habituation: A Simple Case of Cognitive Approaches to Implicit and Explicit Use Distinct WHERE DO YOU STAND? Rewards 22. Explain how observational learning can occur in humans, noting especially Bandura s research on learning aggressive responses, and how observational learning can spread via a diffusion chain. 23. Describe several studies demonstrating observational learning in animals. 24. Identify the neural elements of observational learning, with a focus on mirror neurons. page 3
Study Plan: Session 4 6. Practice learning the vocabulary. Use the electronic flashcards from the Classical The Development of Classical : The Basic Principles of Classical CULTURE AND COMMUNITY Is it Possible that Humans have an Innate Ability to Understand Geometry? Operant The Development of Operant : The The Basic Principles of Operant HOT SCIENCE Control of : From the in Humans in Animals Neural Elements of Habituation: A Simple Case of Implicit Cognitive Approaches to Implicit and Explicit Use Distinct WHERE DO YOU STAND? Rewards 25. Define implicit learning and describe a simple form of implicit learning, habituation. 26. Describe how cognitive and neural approaches to the study of implicit learning have yielded characteristics of implicit learning that distinguish it from explicit learning. page 4
Study Plan: Session 5 After the entire chapter has been covered: Review all sections and objectives. Allocate more time where there are more exam items (the number of exam items can be found on the website) Take the practice quizzes from the publisher s website Spend about an hour reviewing the key concepts from previous chapters Overall, you should have spent approximately 12 hours studying per chapter. If you are sleep deprived or multi-tasking, you will spend more than 12 hours studying and retaining less. page 5