The INTEGUMENTARY System
Functions of the Skin Protection Vitamin D Production Sensory Organ Temperature Regulation Protection against UV Light
Layers of the Skin Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous
Epidermis Outer layer of skin Avascular - no blood vessels
Dermis Layer of skin under the epidermis Made up of collagen and elastic connective tissue fibers Contains the blood vessels, glands, hair follicles, and nerve endings of the skin
Subcutaneous Layer Not part of the true skin Connective tissue that connects the skin to the muscle and organs underneath Also called the hypodermis Contains nerve endings responsible for deep pressure May contain enlarged fat cells in obese individuals
Nails Plates of tightly packed cells of the epidermis Helps to grasp and manipulate small objects
Glands of the Skin Sudoriferous Glands (Sweat Glands) Sebaceous Glands (Oil Glands)
Sudoriferous Glands (Sweat Glands) Glands secrete sweat - a mixture of: water - salts - amino acids ammonia - urea - uric acid sugar -lactic acid -ascorbic acid Primary function - regulates body temperature by evaporation of water Eliminates some waste products
Sebaceous Glands Oil glands usually associated with hair follicles Secrete an oily substance called sebum a mixture of fats, cholesterol, protein and inorganic salts Keeps hair from drying out and becoming brittle Keeps skin soft and pliable Inhibits growth of certain bacteria
Hair Growths from the epidermis Primary function is protection guards the scalp from injury and sunlight eyebrows - eyelashes protect the eye ears and nostrils keep out foreign objects Helps regulate body temperature Touch receptors associated with hair follicles
Hair Structures
Diseases and Disorders
Acne An inflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles Much more active at puberty Affects boys more severely than girls Caused by bacteria that colonize in the sebaceous follicles Can be treated with over-thecounter medications or for severe cases, prescription medications
Fungus Infections Common infections caused by the tinea fungus. Athletes Foot-infection of the foot and toes Ringworm-circular infection of the skin-not caused by a worm Jock Itch-infection in the groin area
Athlete s Foot
Ringworm
Skin Cancers Cancerous growths of skin tissue Often caused by prolonged exposure to the sun Three main types of skin cancers Basal Cell Carcinomas Squamous Cell Carcinomas Malignant Melanomas to 16 year old me/ and Steinfeld clips
Basal Cell Carcinoma Basal cell carcinoma occurs when one of the skin's basal cells develops a mutation in its DNA. Basal cells are found at the bottom of the epidermis the outermost layer of skin. Basal cells produce new skin cells. As new skin cells are produced, they push older cells toward the skin's surface, where the old cells die and are sloughed off.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma rarely causes further problems when identified and treated early. Untreated, squamous cell carcinoma can grow large or spread to other parts of your body, causing serious complications.
Melanoma Melanoma, the most serious type of skin cancer, develops in the cells that produce melanin the pigment that gives your skin its color. Melanoma can also form in your eyes and, rarely, in internal organs, such as your intestines. How cancer spreads video
ABCDE Method to Assess Skin Cancer A - Asymmetry B - Border C - Color D - Diameter E Evolution or Elevation
Careers Dermatologist Medical Photographer Physician Assistant Plastic surgeon
Dermatologist Concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the skin, hair and nails 8 years school + residency + specialization $100,000 - $200,000 Prevention and treatment, surgery, cancer and laser surgery, cosmetic procedures- Botox, liposuction, chemical peeling, cryosurgery, eyelid surgery discovery/ dermatology
Medical Photography Biomedical photographers Demonstrate artistic ability and scientific knowledge Textbooks, pamphlets, advertisements, civil/legal procedures, teaching models, surgical procedures, medical progress or autopsy Create prints, charts, graphs $30,000-50,000 Schooling emphasis on study of photography how to become a medical photographer award winning medical photographer
Physician Assistant Practice medicine under the supervision of a physician/surgeon Diagnose, examine and treat patients, suture, splinting, casting and prescribing medicine $60000-90000 6-8 years school pumping blood into the medical field
Plastic Surgeon Medical specialty that uses surgical / nonsurgical techniques to change appearance and function of the body Functionally reconstructive or cosmetic enhancements Burns, traumatic injuries, congenital abnormalities (cleft lip), removal of cancers, mastectomy- reconstructive 8 years school + residency + specialization $90,000 ++++ a year
Vocabulary Word parts 1. cutane/o- skin Subcutaneous (beneath the skin) 1. Dermat/o- skin Dermatologist (one who studies the skin) 1. Trich/o- hair Trichopathy (any disease of the hair) 1. Pil/o- (pil/i-) hair Pilocystic (a cyst containing hair) 1. - plasty surgical repair Dermoplasty ( surgical repair of the skin)
Vocabulary Abbreviations PA physician assistant
Vocabulary Avascular Metastasis Melanin Keratin having no blood flow movement from one part of the body to another, used often to describe cancer causes coloration of skin hair and eye causes skin to be waterproof