Veterinry World, EISSN: 2231-0916 Aville t www.veterinryworld.org/vol.7/june-2014/7.pdf RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Vrious dietry levels of protein nd energy interction on grow performnce of white plumge jpnese quils doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014. 398-402 How to cite is rticle: Dowrh R nd Sei APS (2014) Vrious dietry levels of protein nd energy interction on grow performnce of white plumge jpnese quils, Veterinry World 7(6): 398-402. Introduction Jpnese quil ( Coturnix coturnix jponic) is recognized s diversified poultry species ugmenting for commercil met nd egg production [1]. The quil met nd egg re preferred over oer species due to its etter nutritionl nd medicinl vlue. Quil met is delicious nd tender wi unique tste hving mouwtering deliccy. Importnce of quil production incresed dy-to-dy due to its erly sexul mturity, rpid grow rte, short genertion intervl nd smller ody size, which results in lower spce nd feed requirement. NRC [2] recommended 24% CP nd 2900 kcl ME/kg for growing Jpnese quils. Quils fed on diets wi 27 nd 24% CP t constnt level of energy (2800 Kcl ME/kg) during strter nd grower phses hd more ody weight (BW) t 5 weeks of ge compred to diet wi 20% CP [3]. Hynkov et l [4] lso reported t Jpnese quil fed on diets wi 26 nd 21% CP hd performed well during 1-21 dys nd 22-35 dys of ge. Higher feed conversion nd grow rte were otined y feeding 23.23% CP wi 12.97 MJ ME/kg during 0-5 weeks of ge [5]. During e recent yers, e met production performnce of Jpnese quil ws improved y genetic selection. The white strin of Runjun Dowrh nd A. P. S. Sei Deprtment of Animl Nutrition, College of Veterinry Science, Guru Angd Dev Veterinry nd Animl Sciences University, Ludhin, Punj, Indi. Corresponding uor: Runjun Dowrh, emil: runjundowrh03@gmil.com APSS: pss_ldh_pu@yhoo.com Received: 31-03-2014, Revised: 07-05-2014, Accepted: 10-05-2014, Pulished online: 12-06-2014 Astrct Aim: The present study ws investigted to determine e optimum energy nd protein requirement for grow performnce nd nutrient digestiility of white plumge Jpnese quil during strter (1 to 3 week) nd finisher (4 to 5 week) phses. Mterils nd Meods: Jpnese quils were fed wi nine diets consisting of ree levels of energy (2600, 2800 nd 3000; 2800, 2900 nd 3000 Kcl ME/kg) nd protein (23, 25 nd 27; 18, 20 nd 22% CP) during strter nd finisher phses, respectively, in 3 3 fctoril design. Results: Protein nd energy individully hd no influence on finl ody weight (FBW) nd weight gin, while feed efficiency ws significntly incresed. The protein energy interction hd significnt effect on grow nd nutrient utiliztion during o strter nd finisher phses. Conclusion: The grow performnce ws higher in quils fed on high protein-high energy (HP- HE) comintion (27% CP nd 3000 Kcl ME/kg) nd medium protein-high energy (MP-HE) comintion (20% CP nd 3000 Kcl ME/kg) during strter nd finisher phse, respectively in utumn seson. The diet wi 20% CP nd 3000 Kcl ME/kg significntly incresed nutrients digestiility nd mjor minerls (C& P) lnce. Key words: energy, protein, white jpnese quil. Copyright: The uors. This rticle is n open ccess rticle licensed under e terms of e Cretive Commons Attriution License (http://cretivecommons.org/licenses/y/2.0) which permits unrestricted use, distriution nd reproduction in ny medium, provided e work is properly cited. quil ws developed y Guru Angd Dev veterinry nd Animl Science University (GADVASU), Ludhin, Indi under e nme Punj white quil. Therefore, is necessry to evlute e optimum requirement of energy nd protein for grow performnce nd nutrient digestiility wi improved genetic mkeup to exploit production potentility of met type quils. Mterils nd Meods Eicl pprovl: This reserch work hs een crried out wi e pprovl of e institutionl eics committee nd s per e lws in force t e time of crrying out is work nd t e time of sending is pper for puliction. Experimentl design: A totl of 350 dy old chicks were rered under ttery rooder up to one weeks of ge y feeding stndrd (27% CP wi 2900 ME Kcl/kg) chick rtion. Chicks were wing nded for identifiction on 5 dy. On 7 dy, chicks were weighed individully nd distriuted rndomly into 9 groups hving ree replictes of 10 in ech, fter discrding too light nd too hevy chicks. The irds were rered on 3-tier colony cges until 5 weeks of ge. Proper ventiltion nd light were provided roughout e dy. Fresh feed nd clen wter were offered d liitum roughout e experimentl period. The whole study ws conducted during utumn seson. The individul ody weight nd feed intke per replicte Veterinry World, EISSN: 2231-0916 398
were recorded t weekly intervls. The dietry tretments comprise of ree levels of energy (2600, 2800 nd 3000; 2800, 2900 nd 3000 Kcl ME/kg) nd protein (23, 25 nd 27; 18, 20 nd 22% CP) during strter (1-3 weeks) nd finisher (4-5 weeks) phses, respectively. The ingredient nd chemicl composition of experimentl dietsduring o e phses re given in Tle-1. Metolic tril: After 5 week of experimentl period, four irds from ech replicte wi comprle ody weight were selected fter discrding too light nd too hevy chicks. Tril ws conducted for six consecutive dys including ree dys of preliminry feeding [5]. The residul feed ws collected on e 4 dy nd weighed to record e ctul consumption of feed for ech group. Totl feces voided y ech group were collected fter e end of e experiment nd weighed. The feces were mixed wi 25 ml 10% sulphuric cid o nd dried seprtely t 60 C in hot ir oven. Feed offered, residul feed nd dried feces were ground nd nlysed for vrious proximte constituents, phosphorus [6] nd clcium [7]. Sttisticl nlysis: The dt generted in present study sujected to pproprite sttisticl nlysis using 17 version of SPSS [8] nd comprison of mens ws tested s per ANOVA [9] using Duncn's multiple rnge tests [10]. Results Chemicl composition of experimentl rtions: The CP percentge of low protein (LP), medium protein (MP) nd high protein (HP) diets during strter nd finishing phses were 22.80 to 23.20, 24.70 to 25.20 nd 26.70 to 27.10 % CP; 17.90 to 18.10, 19.70 to 19.80 nd 21.80 to 22.0 % CP, respectively. Inclusion of vegetle oil to meet e high energy requirement wiin ech CP level incresed e eer extrct levels in e diet of t prticulr rtion. The effects of different levels of dietry energy Aville t www.veterinryworld.org/vol.7/june-2014/7.pdf Tle-1: Percent composition of experimentl strter (1-3 weeks) nd finisher (4-5 weeks) rtions Strter phse Finisher phse CP (%) 23 25 27 18 20 22 ME (Kcl/kg) 2600 2800 3000 2600 2800 3000 2600 2800 3000 2800 2900 3000 2800 2900 3000 2800 2900 3000 Ingredients Mize 43 56.5 51 41.5 48 44 41 42 36.5 61.5 60 63 61 64 61.5 59.5 56.76 54 Soyen mel 36 39 40 42 45 46 49 51 52 23 24 25 30 31 31.4 36.5 37.0 37.5 DORP 17 - - 12.5 1.0-6.0 - - 11.5 10 5.0 5.0 - - - - - Vegetle oil - 0.5 5.0-2.0 6.0-3 7.5-2.0 3.0-1.0 3.1-2.25 4.5 DCP 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 LSP 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Additives* + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Crude protein 22.8 23.2 23.2 24.7 25.2 24.9 26.7 27.1 27.1 17.7 17.9 18.1 19.7 19.8 19.8 22.0 22.0 21.8 Eer extrct 2.93 3.85 7.03 3.10 4.60 8.00 3.28 6.43 9.20 2.95 5.05 5.70 2.80 4.23 5.63 2.83 5.30 6.80 Crude fire 7.40 6.50 5.95 6.11 5.97 5.35 6.30 6.15 6.00 6.70 6.60 6.50 6.65 5.45 5.65 5.70 5.70 5.50 Orgnic mtter 92.1 93.9 93.9 92.6 93.2 93.4 92.8 92.9 92.9 94.2 93.5 93.4 92.3 94.6 94.8 94.3 94.6 93.4 Clcium 1.17 1.06 1.08 1.16 1.06 1.17 1.16 1.17 1.15 1.00 1.04 1.06 1.03 1.03 1.01 1.01 1.00 1.02 Av. phosphorus 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.51 0.50 0.50 0.51 0.52 0.52 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.47 *Ech 100 kg Rtion contined: Slt 300g; Vitmin A 8,25,000 IU; Vitmin D3 1,20,000 IU; Vitmin K 100 mg; Rioflvin 500 mg; Thimine 80 mg; Pyridoxine 160 mg; Cynocolmine 800 mg; Nicin 1200 mg; Clcium pnoente 800 mg; Mngnese Sulphte 23 g; Mgnesium Sulphte 50 g; Ferrous Sulphte 10 g; Copper Sulphte 500 mg; Potssium iodide 100 mg. nd protein during strter nd finisher phses on grow rte, feed efficiency nd nutrient utiliztion of white plumge Jpnese quils re presented in Tle- 2 nd 3. Effect of protein: Protein s vrile singly hd no significnt (P> effect on finl ody weight (FBW), weight gin during strter nd finisher phses rd (Tle-2). At e ge of 3 week dily feed intke/ird, feed conversion efficiency (FCR) nd clorie conversion rtio (CCR) ws significntly higher in quils of HP nd MP fed groups. While, dily feed intke/ird nd FCR were not influenced wi increse of level of protein during 3-5 weeks of feeding. The weight gin per unit protein consumed did not differ significntly (P> mongst e vrious protein levels studied during strter phse, while during finisher phse e protein efficiency rtio (PER) nd CCR were significntly lower in quils fed on HP(22% CP) diets. Non-significnt (P> difference ws oserved in digestiility of dry mtter (DM), eer extrct (EE), N- retention nd clcium lnce mongst ree levels of protein. Alough, crude fire (CF) digestiility ws significntly (P> highest in LP nd MP fed groups. Wheres, ville phosphorus lnce ws est oserved wi MP supplementtion. Effect of energy: The perusl of dt indicted t ere ws no significnt (P> difference etween e ree levels energy irrespective of protein level on FBW nd weight gin during strter phse. However, during finisher phse, highest FBW nd weight gin were oserved in high energy (HE) fed group. The dily feed intke/ird decresed linerly wi increse of energy concentrtion in e diets. In e group fed HE, FCR nd PER were significntly higher while CCR remin e sme during e entire study. Highest DM digestiility, N-retention Veterinry World, EISSN: 2231-0916 399
nd P lnce were oserved in quils fed on HE diets, while e CF digestiility nd clcium lnce were not influenced. Non-significnt (P> difference in EE digestiility ws otined etween medium energy (ME) nd HE diets, which ws significntly higher n low energy (LE) fed diet. Protein Energy interction: The HP-HE comintion Aville t www.veterinryworld.org/vol.7/june-2014/7.pdf Tle-2: Grow performnce t different levels of protein nd energy during strter nd finisher phse. Tretments Finl ody wt. (g) Gin in wt. (g) Feed intke/ F.C.R P.E.R C.C.R ird/dy (g) 1-3 4-5 1-3 4-5 1-3 4-5 1-3 4-5 1-3 4-5 1-3 4-5 Effect of Protein LP* 159.8 244.6 123.5 84.8 21.7 30.9 2.45 5.12 1.78 1.09 6.86 15.3 MP 159.9 247.8 123.7 87.9 19.9 30.0 2.26 4.82 1.78 1.05 6.31 14.9 HP 161.7 247.7 126.0 86.0 19.3 32.3 2.16 5.28 1.75 0.88 5.98 13.8 S.E.M 1.93 2.12 1.88 1.85 0.30 0.88 0.06 0.19 0.05 0.03 0.17 0.44 Effect of Energy LE* 160.7 246.1 124.8 85.3 21.4 33.2 2.40 5.00 1.68 0.93 6.25 14.9 ME 159.8 242.3 123.7 82.5 20.2 30.2 2.30 4.67 1.75 0.99 6.43 13.9 HE 160.9 251.8 124.8 90.9 19.3 29.7 2.17 3.89 1.88 1.10 6.46 15.2 S.E.M 1.95 2.12 1.91 1.84 0.31 0.88 0.06 0.19 0.04 0.03 0.16 0.44 Effect of Protein Energy LP-LE c c c d c c 164.5 244.4 128.5 79.9 23.5 31.7 2.56d 5.00 1.70 1.01 6.65 15.7 LP-ME cd c c c 155.3 237.0 119.1 81.7 21.0c 29.2 2.47 4.67 1.76 1.12 6.91 14.5 LP-HE c c c cd c c c 159.7 252.4 123.0 92.7c 20.5c 31.8 2.34 4.33 1.86 1.16 7.02 14.5 MP-LE c c c c c c c cc 162.5 252.6 126.1 90.1 20.6 32.9 2.30 4.67 1.74 0.97 5.98 14.5 MP-ME c c c cd c c c 160.3 239.8 124.0 79.5 20.5 28.7 2.32 4.33 1.72 0.99 6.49 14.7 MP-HE c c c c c c 156.8 250.9 121.0 94.1 18.6 28.3 2.15 3.33 1.86 1.19 6.45 12.6 HP-LE c cd 155.1 241.1 119.7 86.0 20.1 35.0 2.35 5.33 1.58 0.81 6.12 16.0 HP-ME c c c c c 163.8 250.0 127.8 86.2 19.2 32.8 2.11 5.00 1.76 0.86 5.90 15.4 HP-HE c c c c c 166.2 252.0 130.5 85.8 18.7 29.1 2.00 4.00 1.91c 0.96 5.91 14.3 S.E.M 0.93 0.96 0.91 0.87 0.12 0.48 0.03 0.12 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.27 Figures wi different superscripts in ech row differ significntly (P *LP-low protein, MP-medium protein, HPhigh protein * LE-low energy, ME-medium energy, HE-high energy. Tle-3: Percent nutrient utiliztion t different levels of protein nd energy Tretments N-retention Digestiility (%) Minerl retined (%) DM EE CF Clcium Av. Phosphorus Effect of Protein LP 44.6 86.4 87.7 42.6 37.7 35.1 MP 49.2 86.9 89.0 43.6 39.3 44.2 HP 48.9 85.8 85.5 38.0 33.8 38.1 S.E.M 2.04 1.15 1.11 2.31 2.68 2.94 Effect of Energy LE 47.4 86.3 84.6 40.0 35.2 36.7 ME 42.5 83.8 88.6 42.5 34.0 34.5 HE 51.4 88.4 89.3 42.4 41.0 44.7 S.E.M 2.04 1.15 1.11 2.32 2.68 2.94 Effect of Protein Energy LP-LE c c c 88.6 47.1 88.3 42.3 33.6 33.2 LP-ME c c c 82.5 42.3 86.2 41.1 38.3 30.6 LP-HE c c c c 88.2 44.5 88.4 44.5 41.2 41.5 MP-LE c c 84.1 44.1 84.8 42.5 40.0 42.6 MP-ME c c 82.7 41.4 88.9 43.0 26.3 33.8 MP-HE c c c c c 92.5 59.5 92.7 45.8 47.2 52.7 HP-LE 86.3 50.9 80.6 35.0 31.9 34.2 HP-ME c c 87.0 43.9 91.1 44.2 35.3 41.2 HP-HE c 84.5 50.2 86.8 36.9 34.7 39.9 S.E.M 1.56 3.20 1.52 4.28 4.59 4.76 Figures wi different superscripts in ech row differ significntly ( P < yielded significntly higher FBW nd weight gin during 1-3 weeks of ge (Tle-2). During finisher phse, significntly higher FBW ws ttined t ll high protein nd energy comintion nd of MP- LE nd LP-HE fed groups. Non-significnt (P> difference wi respect to weight gin ws otined in e diet contining MP-HE nd LP-HE fed groups Veterinry World, EISSN: 2231-0916 400 <
Aville t www.veterinryworld.org/vol.7/june-2014/7.pdf which ws significntly higher n rest of tretments. Lowest dily feed intke/ird t rd 3 week of ge ws oserved t HE supplemented diet in o wi HP nd MP fed groups. However, dily feed intke/ird ws decresed wi increse in energy level t ll e levels of protein t 5 week of ge. Highest FBW, weight gin nd lowest dily feed intke resulted in higher FCR, PER nd CCR in e HP-HE nd MP-HE supplemented diets during strter nd finisher phse respectively. MP-HE fed group exhiited significntly higher digestiility's of DM, EE, nd CF, N- retention, clcium nd ville phosphorus lnce. Discussion Improper level of energy leds to restriction of feed intke which lso lower protein intke t might induce mino cid deficiencies cusing negtive effect on performnce. Agin protein hs e highest het increment mongst dietry nutrients, erefore, low protein diet recommended on het stressed roilers [11]. Effect of different levels of protein nd energy on grow performnce nd nutrient utiliztion were studied in roiler quils. Effect of protein: Jpnese quil required dietry protein level of 26 to 27% CP during initil phse of grow (5-27 dys of ge) for optimum weight gin nd feed efficiency [12, 13]. Similrly, Rjini nd Nrhri [14] lso recommended t dietry protein level of 28% nd 20% irrespective of energy level during strter nd finisher phse hd etter < grow rte nd feed efficiency.the positive effect of higher dietry level of protein on grow performnce of quil ws otined only up to strter phse [15, 16, 17]. FCR significntly etter t high protein level which remined sttisticlly similr t medium (22% CP) nd low (20% CP) protein level during 0-28 dys of ge [18]. Wheres, non-significnt differences were oserved on gin in weight, feed intke nd feed efficiency t different (23 nd 25% CP) levels of protein t 5 weeks of ge [19, 20]. Krlp et l. [21] lso reported t PER decresed wi higher levels of crude protein in e diet (20-24% CP). Effect of energy: The improvement of gin in weight nd FCR t highest level of energy could e due to e use of ft to increse e energy level nd e increment of digestiility of nutrients. Wi decrese of dietry energy e feed intke increses due to compenste energy intke [22]. Elngovn et l [23, 24] reported t ody weight gin ws significntly higher in e diet wi 2900 nd 2700 Kcl ME/kg n 2500 Kcl ME/kg diet. While, CCR remined sme t vrious level of energy during 4-7 weeks of ge [25]. Protein Energy interction: An interction existed in weight gin etween energy nd protein s lest weight gin oserved in o ME (12.13 nd 13.39) fed groups wi low CP diet [26]. Significntly 0.01) higher gin in weight nd etter FCR ws oserved y supplementing highest level of protein nd energy comintion (27% CP wi 3200 Kcl ME/kg) [13, 27]. Wheres, Shrivstv et l. [28] recommended 27% crude protein nd 2800 kcl ME/kg for e quil up to 2 weeks of ge nd 24% CP wi e sme energy level from 3 to 5 weeks of ge in dry tropicl climte. Better utiliztion of dietry protein wi respect to energy intke results highest 0.01) N-retention t MP-HE ws in greement of results otined y Kur et l. [5] in quils fed different energy nd protein or EAA comintion.wi increse of live weight gin might e incresed minerl lnce s most of e enzymes relted to protein nd energy metolism re minerl dependent [29]. Conclusion The results of e present study indicted t white plumge Jpnese quils performed well t 27 nd 20% CP wi 3000 Kcl ME/kg diet during strter nd finisher phse, respectively in utumn seson. The digestiility of proximte constituents nd mjor minerls (C nd P) lnce were higher t 20% CPnd 3000 Kcl ME/kg during e finisher phse. Auors contriutions Bo e uors contriuted eqully for conducting e experiment nd preprtion of mnuscript. Bo uors red nd pproved e finl mnuscript. 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