Chapter 05 *Lecture Outline *See separate Image PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables pre-inserted into PowerPoint without notes. PowerPoints prepared by Melanie Waite-Altringer Biology Faculty Member of Anoka-Ramsey Community College Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chapter 5 Tissues
Introduction: A. Cells are arranged in tissues that provide specific functions for the body. B. Cells of different tissues are structured differently, which leads to their differences in function. C. The tissues of the human body include four major types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. 3
Epithelial Tissues: A. General Characteristics 1. Epithelial tissue is widespread throughout the body, covers organs, and lines body surfaces. 2. Epithelial tissues are anchored to a basement membrane, are made up of tightly packed cells containing little intercellular material, generally lack blood vessels, and are replaced frequently. 4
Table 05.01 3. Epithelial tissues function in protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, and sensory reception. 5
B. Simple Squamous Epithelium 1. Simple squamous epithelium is made up of a single layer of thin, flattened cells. 2. Because it is suited for diffusion, it functions in the exchange of gases in the lungs and lines blood and lymph vessels as well as body cavities. 6
Fig05.01 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Free surface" of tissue Simple" squamous" epithelium Basement" membrane Nucleus (a) Connective" tissue" (b) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Al Telser, photographer Free surface" of simple" squamous" epithelium Nucleus (c) (d) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Al Telser, photographer 7
C. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium 1. Simple cuboidal epithelium consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. 2. It functions in secretion and absorption in the kidneys, and in secretion in glands. 8
Fig05.02 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Lumen Connective" tissue Nucleus Basement " membrane" Free surface " of tissue" Simple" cuboidal" epithelium (a) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Al Telser, photographer (b) 9
D. Simple Columnar Epithelium 1. Simple columnar epithelium is made up of a row of elongated cells whose nuclei are all located near the basement membrane. It may be ciliated. 2. It lines the uterus, stomach, and intestines where it protects underlying tissues, secretes digestive fluids, and absorbs nutrients. 10
Fig05.03 3. In the intestine, these cells possess microvilli that increase the surface area available for absorption. 4. Mucus-secreting goblet cells can be found among columnar cells. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Mucus Nucleus Cytoplasm Microvilli" (free surface" of tissue) Goblet cell Basement" membrane (a) Connective" tissue (b) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Al Telser, photographer 11
E. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium 1. These cells appear layered due to the varying positions of their nuclei within the row of cells, but are not truly layered. 2. Cilia may be present, along with mucus-secreting globlet cells, that line and sweep debris from respiratory tubes. 12
Fig05.04 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Cilia" (free surface" of tissue) Cytoplasm Goblet cell Nucleus Basement " membrane" (a) Connective " tissue" The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Dennis Strete, photographer (b) 13
F. Stratified Squamous Epithelium 1. This type of tissue is made up of layers of flattened cells that are designed to protect underlying layers. 2. It makes up the outer layer of skin, and lines the mouth, throat, vagina, and anal canal. 14
3. In the skin, outer layers of cells undergo keratinization; however, this process does not occur where tissues remain moist in the throat, vagina, or anal canal. 15
Fig05.05 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Free surface" of tissue Squamous" cells Layer of" dividing" cells Basement " membrane" Connective" tissue" (a) (b) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Al Telser, photographer
G. Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium 1. This tissue consists of two to three layers of cuboidal cells lining a lumen of the mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreas. 2. Several layers of cells provide greater protection than one single layer. 17
Fig05.06 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Stratified" cuboidal" epithelium Nucleus Lumen Free surface " of tissue" Basement " membrane" Connective " tissue" The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Al Telser, photographer 18
Fig05.07 H. Stratified Columnar Epithelium 1. This tissue consists of several layers of cells and is found in the ductus deferens, part of the male urethra, and parts of the pharynx. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Lumen Free surface " of tissue" Stratified " columnar " epithelium" Basement " membrane" Connective" tissue" (a) (b) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Al Telser, photographer 19
I. Transitional Epithelium 1. Transitional epithelium is designed to distend and return to its normal size, as it does in the lining of the urinary bladder. 2. This design provides distensibility and keeps urine from diffusing back into the internal cavity. 20
Fig05.08 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Free surface " of tissue" Unstretched " transitional " epithelium" Basement " membrane" (a) Underlying " connective tissue" (b) Ed Reschke Free surface " of tissue" Stretched " transitional " epithelium" Basement " membrane" Underlying " connective tissue" (c) (d) Ed Reschke 21