Name. True or False: 1. Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience. True False

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Chapter 5 Quiz Name Learning (Modules 15, 16, 17) True or False: 1. Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience. 2. A stimulus that naturally brings about a particular response without having been learned is called an unconditioned response. 3. The goal of conditioning is to associate an item that has no particular meaning with an item that has meaning and will therefore create a new response. 4. Classical conditioning only works with animals. It does not work with humans. 5. Classical conditioning focuses on the natural biological responses to the presence of a stimulus such as food, water, or pain, whereas operant conditioning applies to voluntary responses, which an organism performs deliberately to produce a desirable outcome. 6. The process by which a stimulus increases the probability that a preceding behavior will be repeated is called reinforcement. 7. Reinforcers can be both positive and negative. 1

8. There are two types of punishment: positive punishment and negative punishment. 9. Positive reinforcement is the most effective method to shape behavior. 10. Behavior modification is used to increase undesired behaviors while looking at others who are performing desired behaviors. Multiple Choice: 11. conditioning is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response, after being paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that response. A. Operant B. Classical C. Learned D. Repeated 12. A stimulus that naturally brings about a particular response without having been learned is called a(n) response. A. unconditioned B. conditioned C. neutral D. paired 13. Celia has a boyfriend that wears a certain cologne all of the time. After Celia and her boyfriend break up and she smells that cologne on someone else, she winces at the smell. Celia is undergoing the effects of which type of conditioning when she smells the cologne and does not like the smell? 2

A. classical B. operant C. negative D. positive 14. occurs when a previously conditioned response decreases in frequency and eventually disappears. A. Reinforcement B. Extinction C. Conditioning D. Stimuli 15. Learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on its favorable or unfavorable consequences, is called conditioning. A. classical B. operant C. positive D. negative 16. conditioning focuses on the natural biological responses to the presence of a stimulus such as food, water, or pain, whereas conditioning applies to voluntary responses, which an organism performs deliberately to produce a desirable outcome. A. Classical; operant B. Operant; classical C. Positive; negative D. Negative; positive 17. The process by which a stimulus increases the probability that a preceding behavior will be repeated is called. 3

A. reinforcement B. satiety C. likelihood D. aversive 18. A reinforcer is a stimulus added to the environment that brings about an increase in a preceding response. A. positive B. negative C. secondary D. primary 19. A reinforcer refers to an unpleasant stimulus whose removal leads to an increase in the probability that a preceding response will be repeated in the future. A. positive B. negative C. secondary D. primary 20. refers to a stimulus that decreases the probability that a prior behavior will occur again. A. Extinction B. Punishment C. Discrimination D. Reinforcement 21. Schedules of reinforcement are A. different patterns of frequency and timing of reinforcement following desired behavior. B. different patterns of behavior that follow a schedule. 4

C. different patterns of timing following an undesirable behavior. D. different patterns of punishment following undesirable behavior. 22. All of the following are techniques used by behavior analysts to modify behavior EXCEPT: A. reinforcement scheduling B. shaping C. extinction D. psychoanalysis 23. The view that learning is accomplished through thought processes is known as learning theory. A. psychodynamic B. cognitive C. behavioral D. existential 24. A type of learning where a new behavior is learned but not demonstrated until some incentive is provided for displaying it is called learning. A. cognitive B. latent C. observational D. reward 25. A type of learning where you watch the behavior of another person or model is called learning. A. cognitive B. latent C. observational D. reward 5

Fill in the Blank: 26. Classical conditioning was created by. 27. When a conditioned response follows a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus it is called stimulus. 28. Learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on its favorable or unfavorable consequences, is called conditioning. 29. If you reinforce a behavior every time it occurs, it is called a reinforcement schedule. 30. If you reinforce a behavior some but not all of the time, then it is called a reinforcement schedule. 6

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