Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 12 (2004) 587 591 Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Adenoma(s), adrenal, gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging in, 533 534 hyperfunctioning versus nonhyperfunctioning, 533 nonfunctioning, 521 533 chemical-shift imaging in, 522 532 MR imaging versus computed tomography in, 532 533 Adenopathy, pelvic, malignant, MR evaluation of, 547 Adrenal adenomas. See Adenoma(s), adrenal. Adrenal cyst(s), 534 535 MR imaging in, 535 Adrenal gland(s), hemangioma of, 536 537 infection of, 536 lymphoma of, 537 masses of, imaging of, technical considerations and recommendations for, 538 metastatic disease of, 537 MR imaging of, 515 544 myelolipoma of, 536 neoplasms of, hyperfunctioning, 516 521 malignant, 537 nonfunctioning, 521 534 normal, 515 516 tumors of, nonmetastatic enlargement of, 537 rare, 537 538 Adrenal hematomas, 535 MR imaging of, 535 536 Adrenal medullary neoplasms, 520 Adrenocortical carcinoma, 519 520 Adrenogenital syndrome, 519 Anesthesia, for tumor ablation, in renal cell carcinoma, 439 Angiography, renal MR. See Renal MR angiography. Angiomyolipoma, 414, 422 423 Arteriovenous malformations, renal, MR angiography showing, 497 Artery(ies), renal, aneurysm of, MR angiography showing, 497, 498 atherosclerotic stenosis of, MR angiography showing, 496 flow measurement, MR angiography showing, 493 494 poststenotic dilatation of, MR angiography showing, 492 B Bladder, cancer of, epidemiology of, 545 MR appearance of, 546, 547, 548, 549 staging of, 545, 546 diverticula of, neoplasms of, 548 endometriosis of, 552 metastatic disease of, 552 MR imaging of, 545 555 techniques of, 545 546 nonneoplastic conditions of, 552 554 normal, MR appearance of, 546 sarcoma of, 548 551 tumors of, subtypes of, 547 Blood oxygenation level-dependent imaging, for renovascular disease, 475 Bourneville disease, 454 455, 458, 459 460, 461 C Calyceal diverticulum, 410 411, 463, 465 Cancer, of prostate. See Prostate cancer. Carcinoma, adrenocortical, 519 520 renal cell. See Renal cell carcinoma. urachal, 547 548 Chemical-shift imaging, in nonfunctioning adrenal adenomas, 522 532 Collision tumors, 537 1064-9689/04/$ - see front matter Ó 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/s1064-9689(04)00079-0
588 Index / Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 12 (2004) 587 591 Computed tomography, for image-guided ablation of renal cell carcinoma, 439 441 helical, for planning of kidney transplantation, 505 renal, or MR imaging, in renal cell carcinoma, 425 426 Conn s syndrome, 516, 517 519 Corticomedullary differentiation, in renal artery stenosis, 493 Cushing s syndrome, 516 517 Cystic renal disease, 449 467 acquired, 455 457, 463 classification of, 450 diagnosis of, 449 MR imaging techniques in, 449 Cystocele, 552 554 Cyst(s), adrenal, 534 535 MR imaging in, 535 pyelogenic, 463, 465 renal, parapelvic, 459, 464 simple, complex, and localized, 449 451, 452, 453 E Endometriosis, of bladder, 552 F Fibromuscular dysplasia, MR angiography showing, 496 497 G Gadolinium, clearance rate of, in renal artery stenosis, 495 symmetry of, excretion of, MR angiography showing, 492 493, 494 Gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, 469 Gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography, in kidney transplantation, 508 Gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging, in adrenal adenomas, 533 534 Ganglioneuroblastoma, 521 Ganglioneuroma, 521 Glomerular filtration rate, global, single kidney, based on intrarenal kinetics, 473 474 using MR relaxometry, 473 using blood clearance of Gd-based contrast agents, 473 imaging to assess, 472 474 H Hemangioma, of adrenal gland, 536 537 Hematomas, adrenal, 535 MR imaging of, 535 536 Hydronephrosis, MR urography for, 477 481 Hyperaldosteronism, primary, 516, 517 519 Hypoadrenalism, 538 K Kidney(s), cysts of, parapelvic, 459, 464 simple, complex, and localized, 449 451, 452, 453 length and parenchymal thickness of, MR angiography to measure, 492 localized cystic disease of, 410 masses of. See Renal mass(es). medullary enhancement of, MR angiography to demonstrate, 495 tumors of, bilateral, bilateral partial nephrectomy in, 393, 394 Kidney transplant donor, assessment of, MR angiography for, 499 evaluation of, for location of kidneys, 507 evaluation of arterial anatomy of, 507 509 evaluation of collecting system of, 510 evaluation of renal parenchyma in, 507 evaluation of venous anatomy of, 509 510 Kidney transplant recipient, diagnosis of extrarenal complications in, 513 evaluation of, 510 513 evaluation of collecting system of, 513 evaluation of renal parenchyma of, 511 512 evaluation of vascular system of, 512 Kidney transplantation, assessment of, MR angiography for, 497 499 evaluation of donors and recipients for, 505 514 gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography in, 508 helical CT planning of, 505 MR imaging in, for planning, 505 506 technique of, 506 transplant donor evaluation for, 506 510 Kidney transplants, MR imaging to evaluate, 481 482
Index / Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 12 (2004) 587 591 589 L Lasers, for tumor ablation, in renal cell carcinoma, 437 438 Lymph nodes, pelvic, anatomy of, 581 582 MR imaging for evaluation of, interpretation of, 583 584 technique of, 582 MR imaging for staging of, 581 586 MR lymphagiography of, 584 585 MR lymphangiography of, interpretation of, 584 585 technique of, 584 Lymphagiography, magnetic resonance, of pelvic lymph nodes, 584 585 Lymphoma, adrenal, 537 Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, and MR imaging, of prostate cancer, 557 579 of prostate, spectral acquisition and processing in, 566 567 technical aspects of, 565 566 Magnetic resonance urography, for hydronephrosis, 477 481 Medullary sponge kidney, 457 Microwave thermal ablation, of renal cell carcinoma, 435 436 Multicystic dysplastic kidney, 457 459 Multilocular cystic nephroma, 410 Myelolipoma, of adrenal gland, 536 M Magnetic resonance angiography, gadoliniumenhanced, in kidney transplantation, 506 508 renal. See Renal MR angiography. Magnetic resonance imaging, and MR spectroscopic imaging, of prostate cancer, 557 579 for image-guided ablation of renal cell carcinoma, 439, 441 442 for planning of kidney transplantation, 505 506 for staging of pelvic lymph nodes, 581 586 background of, 581 functional, of kidneys, 469 486 in renal cell carcinoma. See Renal cell carcinoma, MR imaging in. of adrenal glands, 515 544 of bladder, 545 554 of cystic renal masses, 403 412 of prostate, technique of, 562 565 or renal computed tomography, in renal cell carcinoma, 425 426 technique(s) of, in cystic renal disease, 449 in kidney transplantation, 506 to evaluate kidney transplants, 481 482 Magnetic resonance lymphangiography, of pelvic lymph nodes, 584 585 Magnetic resonance renography, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, for renovascular disease, 475 gadolinium dose optimization for, 482 483 image postprocessing for, 483 quantification of contrast for, 482 technical issues associated with, 482 483 N Nephrectomy, radical, in renal cell carcinoma, 429 Nephroma, multilocular cystic, 410 Neuroblastoma, 521 P Pelvic adenopathy, malignant, MR evaluation of, 547 Pheochromocytoma, 520 521 Polycystic kidney disease, autosomal dominant, 451 453, 454, 455, 456, 457 autosomal recessive, 453 454, 458 Prostate, anatomy of, 559 562 MR imaging showing, 561 562 capsule of, 560 gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging of, 564 565 MR imaging of, technique of, 562 565 MR spectroscopic imaging of, spectral acquisition and processing in, 566 567 technical aspects of, 565 566 neurovascular bundle and, 560 561 T1-weighted MR imaging of, 563 564 T2-weighted MR imaging of, 564, 565 zonal anatomy of, 559 560 Prostate cancer, diagnosis of, MR imaging and MR spectroscopic imaging in, 568 epidemiology of, 557, 558 incidence of, 557 localization of, MR imaging and MR spectroscopic imaging in, 568 570
590 Index / Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 12 (2004) 587 591 Prostate (continued) imaging of, 557 579 posttreatment follow-up of, imaging in, 574, 575 prognosis in, by stage, 559 staging of, 557 559 imaging in, 570 572 treatment of, by stage, 558 559 treatment planning in, MR imaging and MR spectroscopic imaging in, 572 574 Pyelogenic cyst, 463, 465 R Renal cell carcinoma, cryoablation of, mechanism of, 432 434 methods of application of, 434 435 results of, 435 technology of, 434 diagnosis of, 413, 429 high-intensity focused ultrasound in, 436 437 image-guided ablation of, 429 447 complications of, 442 443 computed tomography for, 439 441 MR imaging for, 439, 441 442 patient follow-up after, 444 probe placement for, 442 laser ablation of, 437 438 microwave thermal ablation of, 435 436 MR imaging in, for postoperative surveillance, 425 for preoperative staging, 421 424 identification of vascular anatomy using, 424 425 image interpretation in, 415 425 lesion enhancement for, 416 421 lesion morphology in, 415 416 or computed tomography in, 425 426 protocol in, 413 415 radical nephrectomy in, 429 radiofrequency tumor ablation in, 429 430 mechanism of, 430 methods of application of, 432 modalities for, 430 438 results of, 432 technology for, 430 432 symptoms of, 413 tumor ablation in, anesthesia for, 439 patient preparation for, 439 patient selection for, 438 439 Renal disease, cystic. See Cystic renal disease. Renal imaging, what urologist wants to know, 387 402 Renal magnetic resonance imaging, functional, 469 486 Renal mass(es), 387 393 anterior, right solid, 391 at lower pole calyceal bodies, 392 cystic, approach to, 406 407 MR imaging of, 403 412 and Bosniak renal cyst classification system, 406 409 role of, 403 technique of, 403 404 simple, pseudoenhancement of, 409 partial nephrectomy in, indications for, 388 planning of, 388 390 radical nephrectomy in, planning of, 388 390 solid, MR evaluation of, 413 427 surgical resection of, 387 388 Renal MR angiography, 487 503 bolus timing in, 491 clinical applications of, 496 519 contraindications to, 491 contrast-enhanced, 488 490 diffusion-weighted, 496 functional information from, 492 496 future trends in, 496 image postprocessing and, 491 492 noncontrast-enhanced, 487 488 patient setup for, 490 protocols for, 491 scanning parameters for, 490 491 techniques of, 487 492 three-dimensional phase contrast in, spin dephasing of, 493, 494, 495 two-dimensional phase contrast in, 493 494 Renal perfusion, arterial spin labeling of, 472 Renal perfusion imaging, 469 472 using intravascular contrast agents, 471 472 using maximum slope Gd-DTPA imaging, 470 471 Renography, MR. See Magnetic resonance renography. Renovascular disease, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor MR renography for, 475 S Sarcoma, of bladder, 548 551
Index / Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 12 (2004) 587 591 591 T Tuberous sclerosis, 454 455, 458, 459 460, 461 U Ultrasound, high-intensity focused, in renal cell carcinoma, 436 437 Urachal carcinoma, 547 548 Ureteroceles, 552, 554 Ureteropelvic junction, obstruction of, 395 399 endourologic management in, 397 398 etiology of, 396 imaging of, 389, 390 laparoscopic and open pyeloplasty in, 398 presentation and diagnostic studies in, 396 397 selection of treatment for, 397 treatment algorithm for, 398 399 Urothelial carcinoma, upper-tract, 393 395 Urothelial tumors, imaging of, 395 V Vena cava, tumor thrombus of, imaging of, 389, 390 von Hippel-Lindau disease, 455, 462, 463