L 2 A B O R A T O R Y Nervous/Vascular/Skeletal Systems NERVOUS SYSTEM Identify the structures associated with the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. Identify the location of gray matter and white matter in the brain and the spinal cord, and relate significance of terms. Define the following terms: nerve/tract ganglion/nucleus afferent/efferent plexus sulcus/gyrus Differentiate between cranial and spinal nerves by knowing the correct number and location of each (spinal nerves). Identify the following structures/regions associated with the spinal cord: dorsal horn ventral horn intermediate/lateral horn commissure central canal dorsal/ventral roots dorsal/ventral rami medullary cone dorsal root ganglia cauda equina terminal filament Describe/define the following terms associated with the autonomic nervous system: parasympathetic division craniosacral cranial nerves (CN X) prevertebral ganglia (mixed) sympathetic division thoracolumbar splanchnic nerves paravertebral ganglia Locate nerves/plexuses on a model: brachial plexus lumbosacral plexus cervical plexus (ansa cervicalis) sympathetic chain (C5-T1) (T12-S3) (C1-C3) Explain what a dermatome represents, and locate/identify all dermatomes for C2, C5-C8, T4, T10, L1, L4, S1, S5.
6 Laboratory 2 Nervous/Vascular/Skeletal Systems VASCULAR SYSTEM Compare/contrast arterial circulation, pulmonary circulation, and venous circulation. Describe the following: profunda/deep anastomoses Find the following blood vessels: aorta aortic arch carotid artery vena cava jugular vein brachiocephalic a/v subclavian a/v axillary a/v brachial a/v radial a/v ulnar a/v cephalic v basilic v hepatic a/v splenic a/v mesenteric a/v renal a/v portal vein iliac a/v femoral a/v tibial a/v fibular a/v saphenous v SKELETAL SYSTEM (KEEP SKULLS CLOSED FOCUS ON EXTERNAL STRUCTURES) (Only parts that apply to upper extremity are on Exam 1. Concentrate on these bold & underlined.) Differentiate between bones that comprise the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton. Describe the structural and functional joint classification systems and be able to categorize any given joint correctly. Correctly identify bones and significant bony landmarks on each bone and on x-rays.
Laboratory 2 Nervous/Vascular/Skeletal Systems 7 Skull frontal parietal temporal occipital sphenoid maxillary zygomatic palatine mandible ethmoid vomer conchae lacrimal nasal coronal suture bregma lambdoid suture lambda sagittal suture pterion temporal fossa zygomatic arch external acoustic meatus mastoid process styloid process mandibular foramen mental foramen coronoid process condylar process foramen magnum occipital condyle jugular foramen carotid canal foramen spinosum external occipital protuberance superior/inferior nuchal lines Vertebral Column Cervical/Thoracic/Lumbar Vertebrae body pedicle intervertebral notches/foramen transverse processes lamina vertebral foramen superior/inferior articular processes spinous processes Atlas (C1) ant/post tubercles dens facet Axis (C2) dens sup/inf/trans costal facets Sacrum sacral foramina sacral crest sacral canal sacral hiatus coccyx Axial Skeleton Hyoid Ribs Sternum Body Head Manubrium Greater Horn Neck Body Lesser Horn Angle Xiphoid Process Tubercle Body
8 Laboratory 2 Nervous/Vascular/Skeletal Systems UPPER EXTREMITY (ONLY PARTS THAT APPLY TO UPPER EXTREMITY ARE ON EXAM 1. CONCENTRATE ON THESE BOLD & UNDERLINED.) Clavicle acromial end conoid tubercle subclavian groove sternal end Scapula spine borders acromion coracoid process glenoid cavity subscapular fossa infraspinous fossa supraspinous fossa suprascapular notch supra-/infra-glenoid tubercles Humerus head greater/lesser tubercle intertubercular (bicipital) groove deltoid tuberosity trochlea capitulum ulnar groove radial groove olecranon fossa med/lat epicondyles med/lat supracondylar ridge Ulna olecranon trochlear notch radial notch ulnar tuberosity interosseous border head styloid process coronoid process Radius head radial tuberosity interosseous border styloid process Carpal bones (ulnar) (proximal) pisiform triquetrum lunate scaphoid hamate capitate trapezoid trapezium (distal) (radial) Metacarpals (5) Phalanges (14)
Laboratory 2 Nervous/Vascular/Skeletal Systems 9 LOWER EXTREMITY os coxae = innominate bone = hip bone = ilium + ischium + pubis Ilium iliac crest gluteal lines iliac spines iliac tubercle auricular surface (inf/ant/post) (sup/inf/ant/post) arcuate line acetabulum acetabular notch iliac fossa superior sciatic notch Ischium ischial tuberosity obturator foramen ramus body inferior sciatic notch ischial spine Pubis rami pubic tubercle pubic symphysis Femur head/neck fovea greater/lesser trochanter trochanteric fossa trochanteric crest trochanteric line gluteal tuberosity pectineal line linea aspera adductor tubercle med/lat epicondyles med/lat condyles intercondylar fossa/notch Tibia tibial plateau articular surfaces (med/lat) intercondylar tubercles/eminences tibial tuberosity Gerdy s tubercle soleal line fibular notch medial malleolus Fibula head lateral malleolus interosseous border Tarsal bones calcaneus talar shelf (sustentaculum tali) talus navicular cuboid medial/intermediate/lateral cuneiforms Metatarsals (5) Phalanges (14) Patella
10 Laboratory 2 Nervous/Vascular/Skeletal Systems Page Intentionally Left Blank
Laboratory 2 Nervous/Vascular/Skeletal Systems 11 Page Intentionally Left Blank
12 Laboratory 2 Nervous/Vascular/Skeletal Systems Page Intentionally Left Blank