*We are revisiting Ch 3B on body tissues (Connective) prior to our study of Ch 4 Integumentary. Start on p.90 I. Connective Tissue A. Functions of Connective 1. Protection 2. Support 3. Binding Together B. Common Characteristics 1 2 C. Extracellular Matrix 1. ground substance 2. Collagen 3. Elastic fibers 4. Reticular fibers D. Types of Connective Tissue 1. Dense Connective Tissue a. dermis 2. Loose Connective Tissue (Areolar Tissue) a. function b. lamina propria c. reservoir d. edema 3. Adipose Tissue a. subcutaneous tissue b. protection c. fat "depots" II. Body Membranes III. Classification of Body Membranes A. Epithelial Membranes 1. Cutaneous Membrane 1
2. Mucous Membrane (Mucosa) a. structure b. location of mucosa c. function of mucosa 3. Serous Membranes (Serosa) a. structure b. location of serous membranes c. serous layers i. parietal layer ii. visceral layer d. serous fluid e. function of serous fluid 4. Naming serous membranes a. peritoneum b. pleura c. pericardium 5. Connective Tissue Membranes a. synovial membranes b. bursae c. tendon sheaths IV. Integumentary System (Skin) A. Basic Skin Functions (Use table 4.1, p.111 for help) 1. Protection a. mechanical damage b. chemical damage c. bacterial damage d. ultraviolet radiation e. thermal damage f. desiccation *keratin 2
2.Regulating heat loss/retention 3. Excretion 4. Vitamin D Production 5. Sensation a.cutaneous sensory receptors B. Structure of Skin 1. Two kinds of tissue a. Epidermis b. Dermis 2. Subcutaneous Tissue (Hypodermis) a. functions of subcutaneous tissue 3. Epidermis a. strata b. avascular c. keratinocytes d. cell layers (strata) i. stratum basale (a.k.a. stratum germinativum ) ii. stratum spinosum iii. stratum granulosum iv. stratum lucidum v. stratum corneum e. importance of keratin f. melanin i. melanocytes ii. tanning iii. moles & freckles iv. homeostatic imbalance due to excessive sun exposure 4. Dermis a. dense connective tissue i. thickness 3
b. papillary layer i. location ii. dermal papillae -capillary loops (nutrients) -pain receptors -touch receptors -gripping ability of hands and feet -fingerprints c. reticular layer i. location ii. structures found in the reticular layer d. collagen & elastic fibers e. sags & wrinkles f. maintaining body temp g. homeostatic imbalance i. decubitis ulcers C. Skin Color 1. Melanin 2. Carotene 3. Hemoglobin a. cyanosis (see homeostatic imbalance section) 4.Emotions influence skin color a. redness or erythema b. pallor or blanching c. jaundice or yellow cast d. bruises or black-and-blue marks D. Appendages of the Skin 1. Cutaneous glands a. sebaceous glands b. sweat glands 4
2. Sebaceous (oil) glands a. location on body b. sebum c. function of sebum d. acne (homeostatic imbalance section) 3. Sweat glands a. location and number b. Eccrine glands i. location ii. sweat iii. acidic characteristic of sweat iv. heat-regulating function of sweat c. Apocrine glands i. location ii. components of secretion iii. color & odor of secretion iv. Function 4. Hair & Hair Follicles a. function of hair b. structure of hair i. hair follicle ii. root iii. shaft iv. matrix v. medulla vi. cortex vii. cuticle viii. keratinized region c. split ends d. hair color e. hair sizes & shapes i. eyebrows ii. head hair iii. body hair f. hair follicles g. dermal papilla h. arrector pili 5
5. Nails a. free edge b. body c. root d. cuticle e. nail bed f. nail matrix g. nail color i.blood supply (pink) ii. lunula (white) iii. Cyanotic (blue) 6. Infections & Allergies a. Athlete's foot b. boils & carbuncles c. cold sores d. contact dermatitis e. impetigo f. psoriasis 7. Burns a. fluid loss b. circulatory shock c. pathogens 8. Burn classifications a. first-degree b. second-degree c. third-degree d. partial-thickness e. full thickness 9. Skin Cancer a. neoplasms (tumors) b. metastasize c. benign vs. malignant 6
d. risk factors e. basal cell carcinoma f. squamous cell carcinoma g. malignant melanoma h. ABCD rule A B C D V. Developmental Aspects A. Fetal Development 1. lanugo 2. vernix caseosa 3. milia B. Adolescence 1. sebaceous glands 2. dermatitis C. Old Age 1. cold feeling 2. dry 3 thin skin 4. bags under eyes 5. alopecia 6. gray hair SUMMARY (attach more pages if need to) 7