The Human Body Lesson Goal Provide a brief overview of body systems, anatomy, physiology, and topographic anatomy Medial Lateral Proximal Distal Superior Inferior Anterior Lesson Objectives Explain the following directional terms: Posterior Midline Right Left Midclavicular Bilateral Midaxillary 1
Lesson Objectives Describe the anatomy and function of the following major body systems: Respiratory Circulatory Musculoskeletal Nervous Endocrine Introduction Anatomy refers to body structure and position Physiology refers to body function Basic knowledge of anatomy & physiology is important for understanding patients illnesses & injuries Normal Anatomic Position Patient standing upright Facing examiner Arms at sides Palms forward 2
Midline Anterior Posterior Lateral Medial Superior Inferior Proximal Distal Directional Terms Terms of Position Supine Terms of Position Prone 3
Terms of Position Semi-Fowler s Body Regions Head and neck Trunk Upper & lower extremities Body Regions Head and neck Cranium Face 4
Body Regions Trunk Thorax Abdomen Pelvis Body Regions Upper extremities Shoulder Arm Elbow Forearm Wrist Hand Body Regions Lower extremities Hip Thigh Knee Leg Ankle Foot 5
Abdominal Quadrants Respiratory System All body processes require oxygen Respiratory system Provides O 2 to cells Removes CO 2 from blood Respiration controlled by amounts of O 2 & CO 2 in blood Respiratory System 6
Structures of Respiratory System Nose Mouth Nasopharynx Oropharynx Pharynx Epiglottis Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli Respiratory Physiology Ventilation mechanical process of moving air into and out of lungs When diaphragm contracts, lungs expand Inspiration When diaphragm relaxes, lungs recoil Expiration Cardiovascular System Heart Blood Blood vessels Heart pushes blood through vessels Transportation pipeline 7
Heart Heart 4 chambers Upper Right atrium Collects deoxygenated blood Left atrium Collects oxygenated blood Lower Right ventricle Pumps deoxygenated blood Left ventricle Pumps oxygenated blood Heart When the left ventricle contracts, it sends pulse wave of blood into arteries Pulses Carotid Brachial Radial Femoral 8
Heart Right side of heart receives deoxygenated blood from vena cavae Pumps blood to lungs where CO 2 is removed and O 2 is added Oxygenated blood returns to left side of heart through aorta Pumps blood to body Heart: Two Pumps Blood Vessels Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Veins 9
Arteries Oxygenated blood leaves left side of heart and enters arteries Aorta chest, abdomen, lower extremities Major arteries branch from aorta heart muscle, head, upper extremities, internal organs Major Arteries of Body Blood Vessels Arterioles capillaries venules veins Capillaries Exchange CO 2 and waste for O 2 and nutrients Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to right side of heart Vena cava largest vein in body 10
Nervous System CNS Brain Spinal cord PNS Motor nerves Sensory nerves Musculoskeletal System Structures Bones Joints Connective tissues Muscles Functions Shape Protection Movement Skeleton Skull Spine Thorax Upper extremities Pelvis Lower extremities 11
Skeleton Skull Cranium Facial bones Skeleton Spine Vertebrae 7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 4 coccygeal Skeleton Thorax 12 pairs of ribs attached to thoracic vertebrae Most ribs attach to sternum 12
Skeleton Upper extremity Shoulder Scapula Clavicle Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Pelvis Skeleton Lower extremity Pelvis Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges 13
Muscular System Voluntary (skeletal) Involuntary (smooth) Cardiac Muscular System Integumentary System Skin Protects Regulates body temperature Provides sensory input Prevents body from dehydrating 14
Integumentary System Epidermis Dermis Blood vessels Hair follicles Sweat glands Oil glands Nerves Subcutaneous tissue Holds H 2 O & nutrients Insulates Cushions Gastrointestinal System Processes food Eliminates wastes Structures Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Rectum & anus Urinary System Filters water & wastes from blood Structures Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra 15
Female Reproductive System Ovaries Fallopian tubes Uterus Vagina Male Reproductive System Ducts Glands Penis Endocrine System Produces hormones Glands Pituitary Thyroid Parathyroid Adrenal Ovaries Testes Pancreas 16
Lymphatic System Links digestive & circulatory systems Transports nutrients Removes waste from tissues Transports substances to fight infection Summary Body systems work together to maintain healthy function EMTs must understand the body systems and their basic functions to understand the significance of patients signs & symptoms 17