Day 1. Circulatory System uman Body Transport The Circulatory System 2. ARTERIES 1. eart & VEINS 3. Blood Process: Transport Circulatory System The process where substances move (distributed) into and out of cells and other parts of the body. Important Words! eart- a muscular organ in the center of the chest that pumps blood throughout the body. Atria- 2 upper thin-walled chambers Ventricles- 2 lower, thick-walled chambers. Septum - the wall that separates the right & left side of the heart so the blood does not mix! PART OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM The eart Chart WAT IS DOES 1. Veins A blood vessel that returns blood to the heart 2. Right atrium and ventricle Chamber in heart that contain oxygen poor blood going to lungs 3. eart valves Flaps of connective tissue that allows blood to travel in ONE direction to prevent from flowing backwards 4. Left atrium and ventricle Chambers that contain oxygen rich blood ready for body 5. Arteries Large blood vessel that carries blood from heart to tissues of body 1
The eart Chart PART OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM10 WAT IS DOES 6. Capillaries Smallest blood vessel; brings nutrients and O2 to the tissues and absorbs CO2 and waste products 7. Aorta Large blood vessel; blood travels from the left ventricle to all parts of the body except the lungs 8. Pulmonary artery Brings oxygen poor blood to the lungs 9. Coronary arteries Set of small arteries that brings O2 and nutrients to heart muscle 10. Pulmonary veins Brings oxygen rich blood form each of the lungs to the left atrium Important Words! Superior Vena Cava- largest vein, carries deoxygenated blood from upper body to right atrium. Inferior Vena Cava- largest vein, carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to right atrium. Inferior vena cava The eart: Chambers & Valves 6. Pulmonary Valve 5. Tricuspid valve 8. Aortic valve 7. Mitral valve 2
The Left Ventricle Finding Your eart Valves APE TO MAN Is thicker & more muscular because under greater pressure to pump blood furthest. Question Blood Flow ow many chambers do humans have in the heart? Blood Flow Which side has oxygen-poor blood? eart has 4 chambers - 2 atrias (atrium) - 2 ventricles Which side has oxygen-rich blood? A double system: - oxygenated - deoxygenated 3
eart Structure Day 2. 2 Types of Circulation 1. Pulmonary Circulation 2. Systemic Circulation http://www.smm.org/heart/heart/top.html 2 Types of Circulation 1. Pulmonary Circulation Pulmonary Circulation Begins on RIGT side of heart. This side pumps blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen & dump CO2. Then travels to the LEFT side of the heart. 2 Types of Circulation 2. Systemic Circulation The blood from the Left side of the heart travels to the rest of the body. onors http://library.thinkquest.org/c003758/structure/cardiooverview.ht m 4
Systemic Circulation Left side of heart sends blood to Question #4 Review Does the right side of the heart carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood? Practice Questions Answer: Deoxygenated blood Question #5 Question #6 Does the pulmonary artery carry oxygenated blood or deoxygenated blood? In what structure is oxygen gained and carbon dioxide given up in the blood? Answer: Deoxygenated blood Answer: Pulmonary capillaries 5
Question #7 Question #8 True or False. Pulmonary veins carry oxygen rich blood to the left side of the heart. The left side of the heart caries oxygenated or deoxygenated blood? Answer: True Answer: Oxygenated blood Question #9 Question #10 Name the two largest veins? The aorta carries oxygenated or deoxygenated blood to the body? Answer: Superior and Inferior vena cava Answer: Oxygenated blood Systemic Circulation Systemic Circulation branches into 3 specific circulations. Coronary Circulation epatic- Portal Circulation onors Circulation Continued Renal Circulation 6
Systemic Circulation Coronary Circulation 1. Coronary Circulation Branches off the aorta and enters the heart muscle. Supplies blood to the muscle of the heart. Systemic Circulation 2. epatic-portal Circulation Carries blood from the digestive tract to the liver. Veins draining the capillaries of the digestive tract forms the portal vein. The portal vein enters the liver. epatic veins bring blood to the inferior vena cava. Systemic Circulation Renal Circulation 3. Renal Circulation Carries blood to and from the kidneys to excrete wastes from body tissues. 7
A Summary ** Pick up Oxygen ** Get rid of CO2 http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/search/assetdetail.cfm?guidassetid=1371f413-fdd3-4c9c-ac04-4ac6a17fff10 Day 2. Blood Vessels Blood Vessels Arteries thick, strong, & elastic walls Carry oxygenated blood away from heart to tissues. Bright Red blood Veins thin walls Returns blood to the heart carrying less oxygenated blood. Dark Red blood (less O2) Capillaries very very thin & weak Connects arteries & veins. Nutrients & O2 delivered to tissues. CO2 & waste products absorbed by the blood. ARTERY CAPILLARIES VEIN 8
Capillaries SOOOOOO thin RBCs Travel in a single file! Artery to Body Cells by Capillaries Then by Capillaries to Veins to the eart Questions Why is it your skin turns RED when your hot? capillaries grow wider to come close to the surface of your skin to release heat. Why is it your skin turns BLUE when your cold? capillaries get thinner & are away from the skin to reduce the amount of heat lost. Day 3. eartbeat Cycle eartbeat - is a sequence of muscle contraction & relaxation. This is called a CARDIAC CYCLE. http://www.med.ucla.edu/wilkes/intro.html http://depts.washington.edu/physdx/heart/demo.html 9
eartbeat SYSTOLE - contraction of ventricles DIASTOLE - relaxation of ventricles LUB-DUB eartbeat LUB (S1) - tricuspid & mitral valves (AV valves) close - higher ventricular pressure than in atrias DUB (S2) - pulmonary & aortic valves (semilunar valves) close - higher pressure in the aorta & pulmonary artery causes to close. Electrical Pathway of The eart Special heart cells produce electricity called pacemaker cells. 1 st electrical wave begins at the top (sinoatrial or SA node) of the heart and spreads to other muscle cells. Pacemaker regulates how often the heart will beat by setting the heart rate. This will also help coordinate the contraction of the heart. An electrocardiogram (EKG) a test that records the small electric waves during heart activity. http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/ecg/ecg-readmore.html A Pulse the expansion and contraction of the artery walls in response to heartbeat. Blood Pressure When heart contracts it causes a wave of fluid pressure in the arteries. Pressure on the arteries is called the blood pressure. If the heart was not under this pressure, blood would STOP flowing! http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/cardio2/pressure.html 10
What Is Normal Blood Pressure? ow Do You Measure Your Blood Pressure? A device called a sphygmomanometer. BP = systolic diastolic The Kidneys elps to regulate blood pressure by removing water from the blood when blood pressure is high. Clean blood Medical Conditions Blood with wastes Wastes & excess water sent to bladder Varicose Veins Enlarged veins due to loss of elasticity causing vein to stretch. Blood pools & veins become varicose. Veins are blue because it s carrying deoxygenated blood. Causes: prolonged standing, pregnancy, obesity, genetics 11
Varicose Veins (incompetent valves) Exercise Is Good Prevents blood from pooling. Prevents veins from becoming weak & stretched out. Keeps blood flowing! ypertension (high blood pressure) - Above normal blood pressure throughout the heartbeat cycle. ypertension Cause: Atherosclerosis http://www.grownups.co.nz/read/health/conditions/high-blood-pressure Atherosclerosis ardening of the arteries from cholesterol deposits inside of arteries. Muscular Artery Atherosclerotic Plaque Walls get narrow and rigid causing blood pressure to increase because it strains the heart and blood vessels. 12
If Left Untreated? Can lead to a heart attack or stroke. eart attack - occurs when blood flow to a section of the heart muscle becomes blocked. Angina Pectoris - Severe chest pain due to lack of O2 to heart muscle from blockage of coronary arteries. A Stroke - occurs when a blood vessel that brings oxygen and nutrients to the brain bursts or is clogged by a blood clot. Preventing eart Disease Prevention Do Not Smoke Check your blood pressure Decrease your intake of high cholesterol foods (less butter, mayo, fatty meat) Eat more vegetables and fruits Decrease your sodium (salt) intake Exercise 20 minutes/day, 3 times a week Avoid obesity Manage stress and anxiety Review Practice Questions 13
Question #1 Question #2 What is the cause for hypertension? Answer: Atherosclerosis What can a diet high in saturated fat lead to? Answer: eart disease (cardiovascular disease) Question #3 Our Blood What can happen if your hypertension is left untreated? Answer: Can lead to a heart attack or stroke. What s In Our Blood? Components of Blood Blood vessel White blood cell Red blood cell Blood - a liquid tissue with dissolved materials, travels through blood vessels. - Body has 4-6 liters of blood. Plasma Platelet Functions: 1. Transportation 2. Regulation 3. Protection 14
Functions of Blood Function: Transport of Oxygen Transports: Nutrients Electrolytes O 2 & CO 2 Waste Products ormones Maintains Defense: Foreign organisms Injury/infection Clotting process Body temperature omeostasis Centrifuged Blood Sample Separation of Components Plasma = Less Dense Platelets / WBC s ematocrit Packed Cells More Dense Plasma clear, straw liquid part of blood. 55% of total blood. mostly water (90%) Other: nutrients, hormones, proteins, wastes, & electrolytes. What is Plasma? Plasma clear, straw liquid part of blood. 55% of total blood is plasma. Functions: water balance Clots blood Antibodies for protection 15
Components of Plasma Blood plasma Consists of: Water 90% Plasma Proteins 6-8 % Electrolytes (Na + & Cl - ) 1% Other components: Nutrients (e.g. Glucose and amino acids) ormones (e.g. Cortisol, thyroxine) Wastes (e.g. Urea) Blood gases (e.g. CO 2, O 2 ) Plasma Functions: Keeps water from leaving the blood (albumin) elps clot blood (fibrinigen) For protection (antibodies) Plasma Red Blood Cells (RBCs) Structure: 30 trillion RBCs (MOST in blood!) Thin disk-shaped shaped with thin center. Made in bone marrow and spleen. as emoglobin (iron protein) - carries O2. No nucleus when matures so no cell division Lives for 120 days. Functions: Carries O2 to cells Releases CO2 in lungs Gives blood its red color ** Carbon monoxide has 40X the affinity of oxygen for hemoglobin--breathing it may lead to death RBCs 16
Medical Condition Anemia Too little RBC or not enough hemoglobin. Anemia Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle cell anemia A hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin (sickle-shaped shaped cells), does not move easily through blood. White Blood Cells (WBCs or leukocytes) Structure: 60 billion (less than RBC) Larger than RBC. Made in bone marrow. as nuclei. Live about 10 days Function: Protection from diseases. Phagocytes- engulfs bacterial invaders & can move. Called Phagocytosis. Lymphocytes- make antibodies. Phagocytes (Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Macrophages) Macrophage destroying bacterial cells White Blood Cells Nonlobular nuclei Multilobed nucleus 17
Leukemia (Cancer, very high WBCs) Leukemia Medical Condition Other Causes for igh WBC Count Pregnancy Sickness (viruses, bacteria, fungus) Sickness Medications Allergens Basophil Eosinophil RBC s WBC s Label the RBC, WBC, & Platelet A. C. B. Platelets Structure: Cell fragments (formed by pinching off the cytoplasm from large cells in the bone marrow) ave a membrane No nuclei Live for 1 week- 10 days Platelets Function: Blood clotting emostasis- stop bleeding from a damaged vessel. 18
Steps in Clotting 1. Break in capillary wall. 2. Clumping of platelets 3. Clot forms. Animation http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec14/ch173/ch173a.html emophilia Medical Condition ereditary disease A person does not have one of the clotting factors. At risk for bleeding without stopping. Web Links eart Diagram Animated Body Atlas (Medical Conditions) ******************** http://health.discovery.com/tools/blausen/blausen.html or http://health.discovery.com/tools/center/resources/resource s.html http://www.fda.gov/hearthealth/healthyheart/healthyheart.ht ml http://www.medtropolis.com/vbody.asp Day 5. Lymphatic Circulation http://www.scilinks.org/retrieve.asp 19
Lymphatic Circulation Structure: Lymphatic Circulation Intercellular fluid made of water, salts, proteins, and nutrients that surrounds the cells. Fluid is called lymph. Comes from blood plasma. Surrounds body cells. Functions: Lymphatic Circulation Returns excess fluid back to the blood by the superior vena cava. Produce lymphocytes. Lymph Nodes are bean-shaped enlargements that filter bacteria, dead cells, and cancer cells to prevent entering the bloodstream. Medical Conditions: Lymphatic Circulation Elephantitis: An Obstruction in the Lymphatic System 1. Edema - the swelling of tissues due to the build- up of excess fluid because of injury or disease. 2. Swollen Lymph Nodes - due to trapped organisms in the lymph nodes, which tells the body is fighting an infection. 20