Journl of Biology, Agriculture nd Helthcre ISSN 2224-3208 (Pper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online) Study of some Blood Prmeters of Broilers Fed on Rtion Contining Fish Oil Ysser Jml Jmeel 1 * Ali Mhdi Shi 2 1. Deprtment of Pulic Helth, College of Veterinry Medicine, University of Kerl, PO Box45, +964 Kerl, Irq 2. Deprtment of Pulic Helth, College of Veterinry Medicine, University of Kuf, Njf, Irq * E-mil of the corresponding uthor: ysser.lsdi@uokerl.edu.iq The reserch is finnced y Asin Development Bnk. No. 2006-A171(Sponsoring informtion) Astrct This study ws designed to identify the effects of rtion supplementtion with fish oil on certin hemtologicl vlues of roilers. A totl of 150 unsexed chicks (Ross 308) t ge one dy old were rndomly ssigned to 3 eqully treted groups (50 irds per tretment) with two replictes (25 irds per replicte)s following: T1/ irds fed sl diet without supplemented with fish oil (s control group) while T2 nd T3 /irds fed sl diet supplemented dily with 0.25 nd 0.5% respectively fish oil during the experiment period (35 dys). Blood smples were collected t the end of experiment nd then nlysis. Trits involved in this study were RBCs, WBCs, PCV, H, monocytes, heterophiles, sophiles. eosinophiles, lymphocytes, nd H/L rtio. The results indicte tht 0.5 % of fish oil hve significnt (p<0.05) improving in RBCs, WBCs, PCV, H, heterophiles, lymphocytes nd H/L rtio. In conclusion fish oil cn e used during the reeding period with rtion t level 0.5% could enhnce helth sttus of roilers. Keywords: Poultry, Broilers, Omeg-3, Fish oil, Nutrition, Blood prmeters 1. Introduction Fts nd oils re importnt sources of energy mong other nutrients (Leeson nd Summers, 2005). Dietry Ftty cids contin cron, oxygen nd hydrogen nd clssified s sturted ftty cids, monounsturted ftty cids, nd polyunsturted ftty cids (Heird nd Lpillonne, 2005). Polyunsturted ftty cids re included omeg-3 nd omeg-6, oth of them re considered essentil ecuse they cnnot e synthesize y ody, so it must e otin from diet (Woods et l., 2005).The presence of lnced omeg-6:omeg-3 ftty cids in poultry diets re essentil for norml growth nd development nd other iologicl functions (FAO, 2010). Most of the roiler diets include high level of n-6 ftty cids in their ft sources, which directly ffects the omeg-6: omeg-3 ftty cids rtio (Del Oss, 2009). Dietry imlnce of omeg-6: omeg-3 my contriute to the cute inflmmtory response nd the prevlence of inflmmtory-relted disorders in roiler chickens (Gonzlez, 2009). Polyunsturted ftty cids re importnt constituents of the immune cell structure nd eicosnoid formtion (Stulnig, 2003). Eicosnoid ctivity depends on the rtio nd content of omeg-6 nd omeg-3 ftty cids (Clder, 1998). Eicosnoids ply n essentil role in modulting inflmmtory response intensity nd durtion (Stulnig, 2003). They re involved in the increse in vsculr permeility nd vsodiltion, which enhnces the production of inflmmtory cytokines. Cytokines produced y white lood cells serve s regultors to the whole odyy exertion of different effects on lymphocytes nd other immune cells in response to infection nd injury. Omeg-6 PUFAs exert pro-inflmmtory properties tht led to increse inflmmtory eicosnoid, cytokine production nd immuno-suppression, while omeg-3 PUFAs possess nti-inflmmtory or less inflmmtory properties y decresing the relese of pro-inflmmtory eicosnoids nd cytokines (Stulnig, 2003). Therefore, dietry supply of omeg-3 PUFAs my ffect the development of strong immune system in irds, increse poultry productivity, reduce disese nd therey contriuting to increse economic returns to poultry industry (Gonzles, 2009). Chekni-Azr et l. (2007) reported tht fish oil contin omeg-3 ftty cids specificlly eicospentenoic cid (EPA) nd docoshexenoic cid (DHA), s eing n importnt fctor in the diet for promoting of helth in humn nd nimls. Omeg-3 (PUFAs) re essentil for plying importnt role in the prevention of coronry hert disese, hypertension, inflmmtory, utoimmune disorders nd cncer (El- Ymny et l., 2008). From roilers helth spect, omeg-3 PUFAs improve immunity, performnce, lipid profile esides incresing in mrketing weight (Jmeel, 2013; Al-Zuhiry nd Jmeel, 2013; Shi, 2013). Therefore, the present experiment ws conducted to investigte the effects of rtion tht contined 0.25% or 0.5% fish oil on RBCs, WBCs, PCV, H, monocytes, heterophiles, sophiles. eosinophiles, lymphocytes, nd H/L rtio. 2. Mterils nd Methods 2.1 Experimentl Design This experiment ws crried out t poultry frm, College of Veterinry Medicine/ University of Bghdd. One 67
Journl of Biology, Agriculture nd Helthcre ISSN 2224-3208 (Pper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online) hundred fifty dy-old unsexed roilers chicks (Ross-308) were ought from commercil htchery nd divided rndomly nd eqully into three treted groups of 50 irds, ech treted group ws sudivided into two replictes of twenty five irds per replicte. The first group (T1) ws dily fed on sl diet without supplementtion of fish oil s control group. While, second group (T2) nd third group (T3)were dily fed on sl diet contining 0.25 nd 0.5% fish oil respectively. 2.2 Rering Progrm The chicks were mngement ccording to (Avigen, 2009).Feed nd wter were provided d liitum. Two types of diets (strter nd finisher) were used over the period of experiment (35 dys) Tles 1. 2.3 Blood Smples Collection nd Lortory Anlysis At dy 35 th of ge, lood smples from three roilers in ech replicte rndomly were collected from the ronchil vein in test tue with EDTA nticogulnt. Hemtologicl prmeters such s RBCs, WBCs, PCV, H, together with solute count of monocytes, eosinophils, nd sophils s well s H/L rtio were determined y routine methods s previously descried (Al-Drji et l., 2008 ). 2.4 Sttisticl Anlysis Dt generted from experiment ws crried out in complete rndomized design (Steel nd Torrie, 1980). These dt were sujected to ANOVA ccording to generl liner model procedure of SPSS softwre (SPSS, 2001). The significnt differences mong mens were determined y Duncn's multiple rnge tests with p<0.05 level of significnce. 3. Results nd Discussion The effect of rtion supplemented with fish oil on RBCs, PCV, nd H re presented in Tle 2. The result reveled tht RBCs, PCV, nd H were incresed significntly (p<0.05) in T3 (chicks fed sl diet supplemented with 0.5% fish oil) s compred with T2 (fed sl diet with 0.25% fish oil) nd control group. Dt of WBCs ws presented in Tle 3 which re referred tht significntly (p<0.05) incresed, while H/L Rtio ws improved significntly (p<0.05) in T3 (chicks fed sl diet supplemented with 0.5% fish oil) s compred with T2 (fed sl diet with 0.25% fish oil) nd control group. The result of Heterophiles, nd lymphocyte ws presented in Tle 3. Heterophiles decresed significntly (p<0.05), while lymphocytes ws incresed significntly (p<0.05)in T3 (chicks fed sl diet supplemented with 0.5% fish oil) s compred with T2 (fed sl diet with 0.25% fish oil) nd control group. Monocytes, sophiles, nd eosinophiles for ll tretments ppered no significnt differences (p<0.05) mong treted groups. The increse of RBCs, WBCs could e due to increse the rtio of omeg-3: omeg-6 PUFA to e more importnt in modulting eicosnoid synthesis. In ddition, PUFAs hve een ssocited with different effects on T-cell responses in vivo (Dewille et l., 1981; Stulnig et l., 2000). Enrichment of cell memrne with omeg-3 PUFAs is ssocited with immune cell structure nd eicosnoid formtion. Omeg-3 PUFAs possess ntiinflmmtory or less inflmmtory properties y decresing the relese of pro-inflmmtory eicosnoids nd cytokines (Stulnig, 2003).Our results re with greement with (Bond et l.; 1997; Kdhim, 2010; Rdwn et l.; 2012; Jmeel, 2013; Al-Zuhiry nd Jmeel, 2013) who showed tht omeg-3 led to significnt increse of WBCs, RBCs, nd PCV. This result my e ccur due to physiologicl chnges in metolism due to the presence of omeg-3 PUFA lso the rtio of omeg-3: omeg-6 PUFA ppers to e more importnt in modulting iosynthesis of eicosnoid thn the solute concentrtion of omeg-3 PUFA in the diet (Boudreu et l., 1991). Enrichment of cell memrne with omeg-3 PUFAs could e decresed inflmmtory response, improved of growth rte, erythropoiesis, leucopoiesis nd incresed specific immunity (Korever nd Klsing, 1997). On the other time, erly nd dily fed ird with omeg-3 my e led to rpidly developed their intestinl system nd hve greter numers of cells per crypt nd numer of crypts per villi (Uni et l., 1998). 4. Conclusion It cn e concluded from the results otined in this study tht RBCs, WBCs, PCV, H, heterophiles, lymphocytes nd H/L rtio were improved in roilers fed on rtion contining 0.5% fish oil. References Al-Drji, H. J.; Hyni, W. K. nd Hssni, A. S. (2008). Avin hemtology. The Irqi Ministry of Higher Eduction nd Scientific Reserch. University of Bghdd. Collge of Agriculture. (In Aric). Al-zuhiry, M. A. nd Alsdi, Y. j. (2013). Effect of in ovo injection with Newcstle disese vccine, multivitmins AD3E, nd omeg-3 on performnce nd immune response of roiler. Interntionl Journl of dvnced Biologicl Reserch, 3(2): 208-211. Avigen. (2009). Ross roiler mngement mnul. Technicl trnsfer nd service tems. USA, pp: 1-112. Bond, J. M.; Julin, R.J. nd Squires, E.J. (1997).Effect of dietry flxseed on roiler growth, erythrocyte deformility, nd ftty cid composition of erythrocyte memrnes. Cndin Journl of Animl Science, 77:279-286. 68
Journl of Biology, Agriculture nd Helthcre ISSN 2224-3208 (Pper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online) Boudreu, M. D.; Chnmugm, P.S.; Hrt, S.B.; Lee, S.H. nd Hwng, D.H. (1991). Lck of dose response y dietry n-3 ftty cids t constnt rtio of n-3 to n-6 ftty cids in suppressing eicosnoid iosynthesis from rchidonic cid. Americn Journl of Clinicl Nutrition, 54: 111-117. Clder, P. C. (1998). Immunoregultory nd nti-inflmmtory effects of n-3 polyunsturted ftty cids. Brzilin Journl of Medicl nd Biologicl Reserch, 31: 467-490. Chekni-Azr, S.; Mheri-Sis, N.; Shhrir, H. A. nd Ahmdzdeh, A. (2007). Effect of different sustitution levels of fish oil nd poultry ft on performnce nd prts of crcss on mle roiler chicks. Journl of Animl nd Veterinry Advnces, 6(12): 1405-1408. DeL Oss, T. I. P. (2009). Omeg-3 enrichment nd oxidtive stility of roiler chicken met. Msc. Thesis in food science nd technology. Alert University. Dewille, J. W.; Frker, P. J. nd Romsos, D. R. (1981). Effects of dietry ftty cids on delyed-type hypersensitivity in mice. Journl of Nutrition, 111: 2039-2043. El-Ymny, A. T.; El-Allwy, H. M. H.; El-Smee, L. D. A. nd EL-Ghmry, A. A. (2008). Evlution of using different levels nd sources of oil in growing Jpnese quil diets. Americn-Eursin Journl of Agriculturl & Environmentl Sciences, 3(4): 577-582. Food nd Agriculture Orgniztion (FAO). (2010). Fts nd ftty cids in humn nutrition. Food nd nutrition pper 91: 21-36. Gonzlez, D. (2009).Effect of dietry ftty cids, time of feeding nd immune response in poultry. M.Sc. Thesis. Oregon Stte University. Heird, W. C. nd Lpillonne, A. (2005).The role of essentil ftty cids in development. Annul Review of Nutrition, 25: 549-571. Jmeel, Y. J. (2013).The effect of in-ovo injection with Newcstle disese vccine, multivitmins AD3E nd omeg-3 oil on susequence productive performnce nd some physiologicl prmeters of roiler chicks. Ph.D. Disserttion in science of poultry hygiene. College of Veterinry Medicine. University of Bghdd. Irq. Kdhim, S. K. (2010).The effect of dding cod liver oil to different protein sources of roilers diet on the production efficiency nd helth sttus. M.Sc. Thesis in science of pulic helth. College of Veterinry Medicine. University of Bghdd. Irq. (In Aric). Korever, D.R. nd Klsing, K.C. (1997). Dietry fish oil lters specific nd inflmmtory immune responses in chicks. Journl of Nutrition, 127: 2039-2046. Leeson, S. nd Summers, J. D. (2005). Commercil poultry nutrition.3rd ed. Nottinghm university press. Englnd, pp: 229-296. Ntionl Reserch Council (NRC). (1994). Nutrient requirements of poultry. 9 th ed. Ntionl Acdemy Press. Wshington. D. C. USA. Rdwn, N. L.; Ad El-Smd, M. H. nd Sherin A. (2012). Effects of different dietry rtions of linoleic cid to linolenic cid on productive performnce, immunity of lying hens nd egg yolk ftty cid composition. Egypt Poultry Sciences, 32: 163-188. Shi, A. M. (2013). Effect of rtion supplementtion with different levels of fish oil nd flxseed oil on productive trits in roilers. M.Sc. Thesis in science of pulic helth. College of Veterinry Medicine. University of Bghdd. Irq. Sttisticl Pckges for the Socil Sciences (SPSS). (2001). Sttisticl softwre for windows version 11.Microsoft. Chicgo. I. L. USA. Steel, R. G. D. nd Torrie, J. H.(1980). Principle nd procedures of sttistics.2nd ed. McGrw-Hill Book Co. Inc. New York. USA, pp: 183-193. Stulnig, T. M. (2003). Immunomodultion y polyunsturted ftty cids: Mechnisms nd effects. Interntionl Archives of Allergy nd Immunology, 132: 310-321. Stulnig, T. M.; Berger, M.; Roden, M.; Stingl, H.; Rederstorff, D. nd Wldhäusl, W. (2000). Elevted serum free ftty cid concentrtions inhiit T lymphocyte signling. FASEB Journl, 14: 939-947. Uni, Z.; Gnot, S. nd Skln, D. (1998). Posthtch development of mucosl function in the roiler smll intestine. Poultry Science, 77: 75-82. Woods, V. B.; Fores, E. G. A.; Esson, D. L. nd Feron, A. M. (2005).Dietry source of unsturted ftty cids for nimls nd their susequent vilility in milk, met nd eggs. Occsionl Puliction No. 4.Agri- Food nd Biosciences Institute. Glol Reserch Unit. Belfst. Northern Irelnd. 69
Journl of Biology, Agriculture nd Helthcre ISSN 2224-3208 (Pper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online) Tle 1. Composition of experimentl diets (strter nd finisher) ccording to (NRC, 1994). Strter diet (1-21dy) Finisher diet( 22-35dy) Ingredient % T1 T3 T2 T1 T3 T2 Yellow corn 36 36 36 44 44 44 Soyen mel (48% protein) 30 30 30 26 26 26 Whet 26 26 26 20 20 20 Protein concentrte 5 5 5 5 5 5 Sunflower oil 1.5 1.25 1 3.5 3.25 3 Fish oil - 0.25 0.5-0.25 0.5 Premix 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Limestone 1 1 1 1 1 1 Slt 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Diclcium phosphte 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Totl 100 100 100 100 100 100 Clculted chemicl nlysis Metolize energy (kcl/kg) 2926 2926 2926 3097.8 3097.8 397.8 Crude protein (%) 22.4 22.4 22.4 20.5 20.5 20.5 Clcium (%) 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.80 0.80 0.80 Aville phosphorus (%) 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.58 0.58 0.58 Methionine (%) 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.58 0.58 0.58 Lysine (%) 1.74 1.74 1.74 1.63 1.63 1.63 Tle 2. Effect of rtion supplementtion with different levels of fish oil on RBCs, PCV nd H. Tretment T1 T2 T3 (Control) (Fish oil 0.25%) (Fish oil 0.5%) Prmeter RBCs (x10 6 /mm 3 5.30±0.59 6.31±0.69 8.03±0.74 ) 32±0.85 33±0.88 35.33±0.88 PCV (%) H (mg/dl) 10.63±0.36 11.03±0.25, mens in the sme rw with different superscripts re significntly different (p<0.05) 12.26±0.42 Tle 3. Effect of rtion supplementtion with different levels of fish oil on WBCs, hetrophils, lymphocytes, H/L rtio, sophils, esonophils nd monocytes. Tretment T1 (Control) T2 (Fish oil 0.25%) T3 (Fish oil 0.5%) Prmeter WBCs (x10 3 /mm 3 20±1.03 21.33±0.49 24±0.96 ) Hetrophils (%) 22±1.18 20.33±0.88 18±0.85 Lymphocytes (%) 64.16±0.87 66.50±0.95 68.33±0.98 H/L rtio 0.33±0.02 0.30±0.01 0.25±0.01 Bsophils (%) 1±0.36 2±0.68 2±0.51 Esonophils (%) Monocytes (%) 2±0.73 1.16±0.30 1.33±0.49 10.83±0.60 10±1.03 10.33±0.71, mens in the sme rw with different superscripts re significntly different (p<0.05) 70
Journl of Biology, Agriculture nd Helthcre ISSN 2224-3208 (Pper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online) Corresponding uthor nme: YASSER JAMAL JAMEEL Work experience - Present: 1- Hed of Microiology Deprtment, Veterinry College, University of Krl, Krl, Irq. 2- Hed of Irqi Veterinrins Syndicte in Krl, Krl, Irq. Address: P.O. Box 45, +964 Krl, Krl, Irq. E-mil: ysser.lsdi@uokerl.edu.iq Memer of Poultry Science Assocition (PSA), U.S.A. Memer of World Veterinry Poultry Assocition (WVPA) 71