Bell Work Label the diagram with the layman s or everyday terms we use to talk about our bodies. (Leave space to label the appropriate medical terms as we go).
The Skeletal System
Standards 13) Label on a skeleton the names of the bones for each of the following, identifying points of attachment: a. Skull 22 bones (cranium 8, facial 14) b. Spinal Column/Vertebra 24 with explanation of three parts of a typical vertebra (body, foramen, and processes) c. Thoracic Cavity d. Upper extremities: Shoulder girdle, arms, wrist, and hands including long bone processes, and three parts of each finger e. Lower extremities: hip girdle, legs, ankles, and feet including long bone parts, and parts of toes
Objectives Watch Crash Video Part 1 of the skeletal system, reviewing previous lesson. Label the bones of the axial skeleton and their attachments (the skull, spinal column, and the rib cage). Explore related medical terminology associated with possible complications, diagnostic procedures, and other characteristics pertaining to the axial bones.
The Axial Skeleton The axial skeleton is blue and includes the: skull vertebral column sternum ribs hyoid bone (or laryngeal)
The Axial Skeleton Skull Rib cage Vertebral column Are there any bones that might be confused as to being part of the axial skeleton, but are not?
The Skull (Lateral view) *Cranium *Facial bones What is the difference?
The Cranium and Facial Bones (separated)
Skull fractures
Facial fractures
The Vertebral Column (The Spinal Column)
Cervical Spine OR C-Spine
C-1 and C-2
https://peperperspective.com/2014/11/20/cellphone-harm-cervical-spinestress-and-increase-risk-of-brain-cancer/ What problems are related to posture and smart phone use?
Thoracic Spine OR T-Spine http://omega-rehab.com/2017/04/25/shoulder-pain-thoracic-spine/
AP View What do you notice about this thoracic spine x-ray? What organs do you see? What organs or bones do you think you should see but do not? Can you figure out which vertebral body is T-12? This image is collimated in, leaving the rest of the chest unseen. Why would the image, which was correctly obtained need to collimate?
Lumbar Spine OR L-Spine
Sacrum and Coccyx
Activity (turn to page 316 in the new book) Draw and describe the following conditions related to the spine: Kyphosis Lordosis Scoliosis
Problems with Alignment
Sternum and Rib Cage 12 sets of Ribs True, False, Floating What body cavity do the ribs protect?
What do you notice about the floating ribs? Why would we name the false ribs such?
Sternum and ribs
Activities Label and color the worksheets of the skull and spine. Use various colors to help you distinguish between the terminology. Click the tab on the class website: Exploration and Extended Learning of the Axial Skeleton
Exit Ticket What are the groups of bones within the axial skeleton? Why is it important to know both the medical terminology and the layman s terms of the bones?
Bell Work Continue working on your skull and spine diagrams and extended learning questions. (If you have not completed your long bone diagram, do that first).
Standards 13) Label on a skeleton the names of the bones for each of the following, identifying points of attachment: a. Skull 22 bones (cranium 8, facial 14) b. Spinal Column/Vertebra 24 with explanation of three parts of a typical vertebra (body, foramen, and processes) c. Thoracic Cavity d. Upper extremities: Shoulder girdle, arms, wrist, and hands including long bone processes, and three parts of each finger e. Lower extremities: hip girdle, legs, ankles, and feet including long bone parts, and parts of toes
Objectives Identify the bones of the upper and lower extremities as well as their attachments by examining a model and labeling a diagram. Compare normal and abnormal imaging of the appendicular skeleton. Create an acrostic to assist in memorizing the carpal and tarsal bones.
The Appendicular Skeleton The appendicular skeleton is beige and includes shoulder girdles arms wrists hands and fingers pelvic girdle legs ankles feet and toes
The Shoulder Girdle
The Scapula and Humerus
Humerus (upper arm)
Ulna and Radius (lower arm)
The Humerus, Radius, and Ulna What do we call this area where these three bones communicate?
The Hand and Fingers
The Hand and Fingers
The Pelvic Girdle Why do you think the shape of the pelvis Is different between males and females?
Which is the pediatric pelvis?
Femur, Tibia, and Fibula Upper Leg Lower Leg ------Patella
The Femur, Tibia, Fibula, and Patella (Knee joint)
Feet and toes
Feet and toes
With a partner!! 1 st Create an acrostic of the carpal (wrist) bones to help you memorize their names and positions. You may start with anyone of them, as long as you include all EIGHT in your acrostic. Create an acrostic of the SEVEN tarsal (ankle) bones the same way. 2 nd What is an acrostic? Here is an example they may be familiar to you: Order of solving mathematical equations - Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally Parenthesis, Exponents, Multiplication, Division, Addition, Subtraction
Individual extended learning Continue working on your skull and spine diagrams. Color and add labels to the hands and feet diagrams as well. Complete the exploration activity given on a link from the class website.
Bell Work
Connective Bone Tissue Tendons: From our previous lesson, what do tendons connect together? What do they resemble? Ligaments: tough, whitish bands that connect from bone to bone and can withstand heavy stress. Cartilage: Acts as cushion between bones; articular cartilage located on ends of bones and acts as shock absorber, preventing ends from grinding together when you move.
Moveable Bone Joints -Saddle -Ball and Socket -Pivot -Hinge -Ellipsoidal/ Condyloid -Gliding
Immoveable Joints A fixed joint between bones connected by fibrous tissue (for example, the sutures of the skull). At what time did these bones need to be able to move?
Cartilaginous Joint: the joint space is covered in dense connective tissue In males this may shift slightly at times. In females this joint is vital to provide room during vaginal childbirth.
ARTHRITIS: ARTHR/O=JOINT ITIS=INFLAMMATION Signs and symptoms may include: Pain, Stiffness, Swelling, Redness, and Decreased range of motion Osteoarthritis OSTEO=JOINT The most common type, wear-and-tear damage to your joint's cartilage the hard, slick coating on the ends of bones. Enough damage can result in bone grinding directly on bone, which causes pain and restricted movement. Rheumatoid arthritis The body's immune system attacks the lining of the joint capsule, a tough membrane that encloses all the joint parts. This lining, known as the synovial membrane, becomes inflamed and swollen. The disease process can eventually destroy cartilage and bone within the joint.
Compare the types: Treatments Analgesics (pain meds) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) Counterirritants (menthol type creams) Corticosteroids (suppresses immune system) Physical Therapy Surgery
OSTEOPOROSIS Oste/o=bone por/ous= pores in the bone osis=process/condition causes bones to become weak and brittle so brittle that a fall or even mild stresses like bending over or coughing can cause a fracture. Your bones are in a constant state of renewal new bone is made and old bone is broken down. When you're young, your body makes new bone faster than it breaks down old bone and your bone mass increases. Most people reach their peak bone mass by their early 20s. As people age, bone mass is lost faster than it's created.
OSTEOPOROSIS TREATMENT Bisphosphonates (increases bone density) Drugs that promote bone growth Hormone-related therapy (estrogen especially in women after menopause) Increase of vitamins, calcium Vertebroplasty or Kyphoplasty (process of injected bone cement into the vertebral bodies to increase height, also this reduces pain from the bone grinding together. (This procedure can be done in surgery or better yet Interventional Radiology)!!!! A FRACTURE IN THE SPINAL COLUNN IS CALLED A COMPRESSION FRACTURE
Activity Go to class website and choose the Range of Motion (ROM) Activity Make sure to define ALL of the terms including: The FOUR main types, and The SIXTEEN movements Then practice directing and assisting these movements with a partner.
Directed Reading Activity In your group of three choose one of the following directed reading from the website: Care Considerations with Patients with Spinal Cord Injuries Total Knee Replacement and Imaging Computed Tomography of Facial Fractures Each person in your group will choose a different directed reading. You may not do the same one. After you answer the questions, then go to the Extended Learning Assignments tab on the class website. Complete the task for the corresponding professional journal.