TEACHER S CLUB EXAMS GRADE 11 LIFE SCIENCES: End-of-year exam Paper 1 MARKS: 150 TIME: 2½ hours INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION Read the instructions carefully before answering the questions. 1. Answer ALL the questions. 2. Start the answer to each question at the top of a NEW page. 3. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 4. Write neatly and legibly. 5. If you do NOT present the answers according to the instructions of each question, you will lose marks. 6. Do ALL drawings in pencil and label them in blue or black ink. 7. Only draw diagrams or flow charts when you are requested to do so. 8. The diagrams in this question paper are not necessarily drawn to scale. 9. You are NOT allowed to use graph paper. 10. You may use protractors, compasses and non-programmable calculators.
Section A Question 1 Question 1.1 Various possible answers are provided for each question. Write only the letter for the correct answer next to the corresponding number. 1.1.1 The important bacteria living in the intestine of all humans is A E. coli B Lactobacillus C Acetobacter D B. anthractis (2) Use the diagram below to answer Questions 1.1.2 and 1.1.3. 1.1.2 The function of the part labelled A is... A feeding B reproduction C movement D food storage. (2) 1.1.3 The visible feature that enables us to classify the bacterium as a prokaryote is the... A cell wall B flagellum C storage granule D absence of a true nucleus. (2) Maskew Miller Longman, Focus on Life Sciences Grade 11 End-of-year exam Paper 1 Page 2 of 12
1.1.4 In the kidney, the blood vessel bringing blood to the kidney is the... A renal artery B afferent arteriole C renal vein D efferent arteriole. (2) 1.1.5 Carbon dioxide is a waste product that is secreted by the... A nephridia of earthworms B kidneys of mammals C tracheae and spiracles of insects D Malpighian tubules of arthropods. (2) [10] Question 1.2 Give the correct biological term for each description. Write only the term next to the relevant question number. 1.2.1 a trace used by doctors to provide information about the efficiency of the heart beat (1) 1.2.2 the circulatory system that provides your body with blood (1) 1.2.3 the process of separating small molecules, such as urea, from large molecules, such as proteins (1) 1.2.4 the collective term for urine and faeces (1) 1.2.5 the part of the skeleton made up of the skull, backbone and ribs (1) [5] Maskew Miller Longman, Focus on Life Sciences Grade 11 End-of-year exam Paper 1 Page 3 of 12
Question 1.3 Each question consist of a statement or description in the first column and two items numbered (a) and (b) in the second column. Consider which item(s) relate(s) to the statement or description. Write your choice next to the relevant question number using the following codes: A if only item (a) refers to the statement or description B if only item (b) refers to the statement or description C if both items (a) and (b) refer to the statement or description D if neither of the items refers to the statement or description Statement or description 1.3.1 osmoregulation 1.3.2 pectoral girdle 1.3.3 hydrostatic skeleton 1.3.4 hinge joint 1.3.5 jaw bone(s) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) Items antidiuretic hormone aldosterone clavicle patella spider jellyfish shoulder joint hip joint maxilla mandible Question 1.4 [10] A South African Department of Health study estimated that 28% of pregnant women were living with HIV/AIDS in 2007. 1.4.1 What does the acronym HIV stand for? (1) 1.4.2 HIV/AIDS has reached pandemic proportions. Explain what pandemic means. (2) 1.4.3 a) Why is the HIV statistic related to pregnant women readily available to the South African Department of Health? (2) b) Explain why it is difficult to get an accurate statistic regarding the total number of people living with HIV/AIDS in South Africa. (2) 1.4.4 Name one way to prevent AIDS transmission during sexual intercourse. (1) 1.4.5 Mention two negative impacts that AIDS will have on the South African economy. (2) [10] Maskew Miller Longman, Focus on Life Sciences Grade 11 End-of-year exam Paper 1 Page 4 of 12
Question 1.5 Identify the following conditions in the human body. 1.5.1 damaged or torn ligaments or joint capsule (1) 1.5.2 inflammation, pain and swelling of one or more joints (1) 1.5.3 an inherited genetic muscle disease that causes progressive weakness and breakdown of the skeletal muscles that control movement (1) 1.5.4 softening of children s bones that can lead to fractures and deformity (1) [4] Question 1.6 Look at the diagram below and identify the structures labelled A to E. [5] Maskew Miller Longman, Focus on Life Sciences Grade 11 End-of-year exam Paper 1 Page 5 of 12
Question 1.7 Look at the diagrams below. Identify one incorrect label in each diagram. Write the letter of the incorrect label with the correct label next to it. Maskew Miller Longman, Focus on Life Sciences Grade 11 End-of-year exam Paper 1 Page 6 of 12
(2 3) [6] Total Question 1: 50 marks Total Section A: 50 marks Maskew Miller Longman, Focus on Life Sciences Grade 11 End-of-year exam Paper 1 Page 7 of 12
Section B Question 2 Question 2.1 2.1.1 Design an experiment to test the hypothesis: A plant will transpire more rapidly in the light. (6) 2.1.2 Name two variables that must remain constant while doing the experiment. (2) 2.1.3 Identify the: a) dependent variable (1) b) independent variable. (1) 2.1.4 Describe the results you would expect to get to support your hypothesis. (2) 2.1.5 List two ways in which you could improve the accuracy of the results that you obtain. (2) [14] Question 2.2 Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow. The circulatory system of a human foetus works differently to that of born humans. There are two main differences. 1. In the foetus, an umbilical vein from the placenta enters the inferior vena cava. The blood then travels into the right atrium. There is a small opening between the right atrium and the left atrium. Most blood flows through this small opening and so bypasses the pulmonary circulation. 2. In the foetus, blood moves from the aorta into the umbilical artery which enters the placenta. In the placenta, carbon dioxide and waste products diffuse into the mother s blood. Oxygen and nutrients are absorbed into the blood of the foetus. 2.2.1 Describe one difference in structure between the foetal heart and the heart of a born human. (2) 2.2.2 a) List the three phases of the cardiac cycle. (3) b) Which nerve speeds up the rate at which the heart beats? (1) 2.2.3 What is the main difference between the umbilical artery and the umbilical vein? (2) 2.2.4 Why is the pulmonary circulatory system bypassed in a foetus? (3) 2.2.5 Explain why humans are said to have a closed circulatory system. (1) [12] Maskew Miller Longman, Focus on Life Sciences Grade 11 End-of-year exam Paper 1 Page 8 of 12
Question 2.3 Describe the process of binary fission in amoeba. [4] Total Question 2: 30 marks Question 3 Question 3.1 Draw and label a scientific diagram showing a longitudinal section through a long bone. [6] Question 3.2 Spinal injury resulting in paralysis is caused by a number of different factors. Look at the table and answer the questions that follow. Cause of spinal injury resulting in paralysis Percentage of people paralysed motor car accident 30% work-related accidents 32% sporting or recreational activities 22% bad falls 9% other 7% 3.2.1 Draw a bar graph showing the percentage of people paralysed by various causes of spinal injury. (8) 3.2.2 According to the data, which is the major cause of spinal injury? (1) 3.2.3 Suggest two ways in which the number of spinal injuries can be reduced. (2) 3.2.4 Explain why spinal injury can result in paralysis. (3) [14] Maskew Miller Longman, Focus on Life Sciences Grade 11 End-of-year exam Paper 1 Page 9 of 12
Question 3.3 Write a paragraph in which you describe secondary thickening in plants. [6] Question 3.4 Look at the micrograph below and answer the questions that follow. Micrograph of skeletal muscle 3.4.1 Give the names of the muscle parts labelled A and B. (2) 3.4.2 Give two visible reasons why this can be identified as voluntary skeletal muscle tissue. (2) [4] Total Question 3: 30 marks Total Section B: 60 marks Maskew Miller Longman, Focus on Life Sciences Grade 11 End-of-year exam Paper 1 Page 10 of 12
Section C Question 4 Question 4.1 The graph below shows the causes of death of people living in developing and developed nations in 2000. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow. Graph showing different causes of death in developing and developed nations in 2000 4.1.1 Identify the major cause of death in: a) developing nations b) developed nations. (2) 4.1.2 Discuss possible reasons for the results observed in Question 4.1.1. (4) 4.1.3 Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens. a) Describe the role the lymphatic system plays in destroying pathogens. (2) b) How does the lymphatic system differ from the blood circulatory system? (4) 4.1.4 a) Name the respiratory disease that is caused by a bacterium and results in the death of about 2 million people each year. (1) b) Why can this respiratory disease be treated using antibiotics? (1) c) From which organism were antibiotics originally extracted? (1) 4.1.5 Explain how vaccination helps to develop immunity to disease. (5) [20] Maskew Miller Longman, Focus on Life Sciences Grade 11 End-of-year exam Paper 1 Page 11 of 12
Question 4.2 The efficient uptake of water and mineral salts by plants are vital for their survival. Plants have many adaptations to ensure they absorb sufficient water to meet their needs. Write an essay using the following subheadings. The role of osmosis and water potential in the movement of water into plants (7) The structural suitability of root hairs for the efficient absorption of water (5) The three different pathways of water through the parenchyma cells of the root cortex (8) Note: No marks will be awarded for answers in the form of flow charts or diagrams. [20] Total Question 4: 40 marks Total Section C: 40 marks Grand total: 150 marks Maskew Miller Longman, Focus on Life Sciences Grade 11 End-of-year exam Paper 1 Page 12 of 12