Annals f Arid Zne 30 (I) : 17-21, 1991 AVAILABLE COPPER, ZINC, ANGANESE AND I RON STATUS OF RAJASTHAN SOILS R.K. EHRA and B.L. BASER Department f Sil Science & Agril. Chemistry Rajasthan Cllege f Agriculture, Udaipur 313 001 ABSTRACT Sil samples representing Pellusterts, Chrmusterts. Haplustalfs and Ustchrepts great grups f Rajasthan were cllected and investigated fr available cntent f micrnutrient elements. Available (DTPA extractable) cpper, zinc, manganese and irn were fund t range between 18 ppm t 7.40 ppm, 20 ppm t 1.80 ppm,2.05 ppm t 12.00 ppm and 1.5 ppm t 11.28 ppm respectively. Sils were adequate in available cpper cntent, but deficient in available zinc fllwed by manganese and irn. Psitive significant crrelatins were fund between rganic matter and available cpper, zinc, manganese and irn. Available manganese and irn decreased significantly with calcium carbnate in sme f the sil great grups under study. Available manganese decreased significantly with increase in ph nly in U stchrep ts. INTRODUCTION Intensive cultivatin f high yielding varieties and use f high analysis fertilizer disturb the nutrient balance in sil and micrnutrients may becme a limiting factr fr increasing crp prductin. Thus, it is very essential t have a knwledge abut available cntent f micrnutrient elements in sils. The state f Rajasthan has widely different agr-climatic regins and wide variatins in micrnutrient cntent have been reprted (Lal and Biswas 1974). The bject f the present investigatin was t assess the available cpper, zinc, manganese and irn status f representative sils f Pellusterts, Chrmusterts, Ustchrepts and Haplustalfs great grups f Rajasthan and t study relatinship f sme f the sil prperties with their availability, ATERIAL AND ETHODS Three hundred surface sil sample cvering eight districts f fur sil great grups f the state were cllected. Available cpper, zinc. manganese and irn were extracted with 005 DTPA + 01 CaCI2 (Lindsay and Nrvellil978) and determined by Atmic Absrptin Spectrphtmeter. Sil prperties were determined with usual standard labratry prcedures.
18: EHRA & BASER RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A vailablc cpper, zinc, manganese and irn cntent in surface sil samples are presented in Table I and their crrelatin cefficient with ph, calcium carbnate and rganic matter in Table 2. Available cpper: Available cpper in these sils ranged frm 18 ppm t 7.40 ppm. On an average Chrmusterts (Bundi) cntained a minimum amunt f available cpper (68 ppm) while Haplustalfs (Udaipur) cntained maximum amunt (1.87 ppm). Based n average values, the fllwing descending rder f available cpper cntent in different districts f Rajasthan was bserved; Banswara > Udaipur > Jhalawar > (?05 ppm) (1.87 ppm) (1.80 ppm) Kta > Dungarpur> Bundi (1.29 ppm) (1.09 ppm) (68 ppm) Chi Hr. Bhilwara > (1.60 ppm);> (1.32 ppm) If the critical limits prescribed by Lindsay and Nrvell (1978) i.e. 2 ppm is taken as criteria then all the sil samples under present study can be cnsidered t have adequate quantity f available cpper needed fr plant grwth. N cnsistent relatinship between available cpper and ph f sils was bserved. In Chrmusterts and Ustchrepts a negative nn significant relatinship was bserved while in pellusterts and Haplustalfs, the relatinship was psitive nn significant The results shw that available cpper increased with increase in rganic matter cntent in all the sils. Crrelatins were significant fr pellusterts (r=394**) and Haplustalfs (r=663*). The results are in agreement with the findings f Gupta et al. (1980b) wh made si.nilar bservatin. Availab]e Zinc: Available zinc cntent In these sils ranged frm 20 ppm t ].80 ppm. Sils f pellusterts grup (Jhalawar) cntained minimum amunt (44 ppm) and Chrmusterts (Kta) cntained maximum amunt (1.05 ppm) f available zinc. Based n the mean values, the fllwing descending rder f available zinc in different districts was btained. Kta (1.05 ppm) Bundi (68 ppm) > Bhilwara... Banswara > Chittr > (80 ppm)? (75 ppm) (74 ppm) Udaipur > Jhalawar > (48 ppm) (44 ppm) Dungarpur> (72 ppm) The variatin might be due t differences in sil charactertics. If the critical limits f 6 ppm as prescribed by Takkar and ann (1975) is taken as criteria it can be said that 40 per cent samples are deficient in zinc. In general zinc was negatively and nn significantly related with ph and calcium carbnate. With rganie matter a psitive significant crrelatin was fund in Chrmusters (r=38] **) and
AVAIL \BLE ICRONUTRIENTS: 19 ' «...«) \D lj.'"" E "": > N «) 0\ VI VI :t 00 00 N N c: N E ' > «- N r- 8 0 N \D 0 Os O\ O\ V) "1 00 ic'! r-;:0 ::: 00 00 \D «) 00 0 0 0,','.' S8V") d68 -.::t' "<j" V r-: V) 0 000 8 --:n' NC:O'I 69 6:::. tn8 r- r- \D 000 ::c...: t"--_..-.o\_- c1 g O 00 00 V) g. t:- - r--: r-...: - r-...:.: u ::0.;; -"! > «,-<J>. E zj'l tlll N '" OIl c: Q V\ t <J> E tl Vi E N V\ '0 ti).c U.c U
20 : EHRA & BASER N 00.. '<t '" ;> 0 0 0 0 c:: 0 + + + + 0... '"...... <l) 0 00 00 \0 :0 U '<t c-;.::::! 0 0 0 0 00; u I I I I ;> 00 0 ::r::!:l- 0 0 0 0 I I I -t-.. ;>.... '<t 00 r-- \0 <l) N.. 0 0 0 0 0 t::: + + + + ", ) c:: c-; 0 ".. 0\.. 0 '<t E u N C 0 0 0 0.. 0;:; U'" -t- <l) I I I -; :0.. 0 00 c.::::! ::r:: '<t e 0 0 0 0 u ;> Os I + I +.., :0...2! '<t '<t <i 00 N '<t "" ;> >- 0 0 0 c: 0..!:! (.) '" + + + + c "0 c:: u c:: ON U '" 0" 0 0\ '<t... <l) <l)... U 0 0 0 0 0 :0 t;.::::! U'" I I + I '" "eil ", 00 ;> 0\ '"... ;:; ::r:: C 0 0.. A> I 0 I 0 I I c.,; '" u 2 ;a Oll Oll.... en c::...... 0 0\ N 00 E N ;> III 0 0 0 0 0 <i..!:! f + + + ;> ;:; <l)., U 0\ 00 u 0... i:: <l) IS u 0 0 :0 C ", 0 u.. u I + + + 0.::::!.. u 00; c:: ;> 0\ ::r:: 00... 0 0 0 0 "eil,g ", <i + I I + i:: u'" 0 c U... 2 0 Oll 0 r-i 0 E 0... 0 0 en Z \0... '<t 0\.., '".. :0 I-< ", b I E.c: u b :s 1!J 0.. -.... 0 0... <i S.c: u S :l.. ::r:: '" - fi2 Oll c.. 00 '" \0 \0
AVAILABLE ICRONUTRIENTS : 21 Haplustalfs (r=440* *) and als it was psitive thugh nn significant in pellusterts and Ustchrepts. These findings are in agreemeet with the findings f Gupta et a!. (1980b), Available manganese: 'Available manganese in these sils ranged frm 2.05 ppm t 12.00 ppm. On an average, Chrmusterts (Bundi) cntained minimum (1.59 ppm) and Ustchrepts (Bhilwara) cntained maximum amunt (6.85 ppm) f available manganese. Based n average values, the fllwing descending rder f available manganese cntent in different district under present study was bserved: Bhilwara > Banswara > Kta > Jhalawar > Udaipur > (6.85 ppm) (6.05 ppm) (5.85 ppm) (5.25 ppm) (4,,87ppm) Dungarpur> f:hittr > Bundi (4.08 ppm) (3.85 ppm) (1.59 ppm) Nearly 13 per cent sil samples can be treated as deficient if critical limit f manganese is cnsidered t be 3 ppm (Sakal et al. 1986). Available manganese was negatively crrelated with ph and CaC03. A psitive significant crrelatin between available manganese and rganic matter was fund in all sil great grups except Ustchrepts where als it was psitive thugh nn significant Available Irn: Available irn in these sils ranged frm 1.50 ppm t 11.28 ppm. Based n average values, the fllwing descending rder f available irn in different districts f Rajasthan was bserved. Kta > Bund! > Chittr > Bhilwara > Dungarpur > (9.08 ppm) (6.38 ppm) (5.75 ppm) (5.70 ppm) (4.80 ppm) Jhalawar > Udaipur > Banswara (4.28 ppm) (3.08 ppm) (2.50 ppm) Cnsidering 4.5 ppm DTPA extractable Fe as critical level (Lindsay and Nrvell 1978; Gupta and Ptalia 1987) 12 per cent samples fall in deficient categry. A lw cntent f available irn in sme f the sils is attributed t lw cntent f rganic matter, sandy texture and high ph f the sils. N cnsistent relatin was fund between available irn and ph, thugh it was usually negative and nn significant. The inverse relatinship between sil ph and available irn has been reprted by Gupta et ai. (1980) and Sakal et al. (1986). CaC03 shwed a negative relatinshir with available Fe. Reductin in availability f irn with an increase in ph may be attributed t cnversin f Fe 2 + ins t Fe3 + ins which are nt absrbed by plants. At high ph irn is als precipitated as insluble Fe (OH)2 and reduces its availability. A significant psitive crrelatin f Fe with rganic carbn was fund in Ustchrepts (r=31) and Haplustalfs (r=45), while in ther Grups it was psitive nn significant. Similar relatinship has als been reprted by Gupta et al. (l980a)
22 : EHRA & BASER in arid brwn sils f Haryana. The psitive effect f rganic matter n the availability f irn may be attributed t supply f chejating agents frmed by the prduct f decmpitill f rganic matter that help in maintaining the slubility f micr nutrients. REFERENCES Gupta, V.K. and Ptalia, B.S. 1987. Determinatin f critical limit f Fe in sils fr predicting respnse f srghum t Fe applicatin in Aridisls. Annals f Arid Zne 26 : 139-142. Gupta, V.K., Singh, K. and Raj, H. 1980 a. Available micrnutrient status and their relatinship with sme characteristics f the Arid brwn sils f Haryana. Haryana Agricultural University Jurnal f Research 10 : 229-234.. Gupta, V.K., Raj, H. and Sing, K. 1980 b. Distributin and relatinship fmicr:1utrients with sil prperties f sils f suth western Haryana. Haryana Agricultural University Jurnal f Research 10: 235-241. Lal, F. and Biswas, T.D. 1974. Factrs affecting the distributin and availability f micrnutrient elements in majr sil grups f Rajasthan. Jurnal f the Indian Sciety f Sil Science 22 : 333-346. Lindsay, W.L. and Nrvell, W.A. 1978. Develpment fdtpa sil test fr zinc, irn, manganese and cpper. Sil Science Sciety f America Prceedings 42 : 42 1-428. Sakal, R., Singh, A.P., Singh, B.P. and Sinha, R.B. 1986. Availabilty f zinc, irn cpper and manganese in sub Himalaya hill and frest sils as influenced by certain sil prperties. Jurnal f the Indian Sciety f Sil Science 33 : 672-675. Takkar, P.N. and ann,.s. 1975. Evaluatin f analytical methds fr estimating available zinc and respnse f maize t applied zinc in majr sil series f Ludhina. Agrchimica 19 : 420-43