THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Body Membranes & Skin
TYPES OF MEMBRANES Epithelial Membranes includes layer of epithelial cells and connective tissue Serous Cutaneous Mucous Connective Tissue Membranes solely connective tissue Synovial
SEROUS MEMBRANES Line body cavities that have no openings to outside world Secrete watery fluid serous fluid Serves as a lubricant to minimize friction, wear and tear Simple squamous epithelial tissue + loose CT
MUCOUS MEMBRANE Line cavities that lead to outside. Secrete mucus for protection. Epithelium + Loose CT
CUTANEOUS MEMBRANE Skin Stratified squamous epithelium over dense fibrous connective tissue
SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE Line the capsules that surround synovial joints Shoulder, knee Line tendon sheaths Secrete clear synovial fluid Provides cushion and reduces friction
FUNCTIONS OF SKIN From Latin work integumentum meaning covering Includes cutaneous membrane, sweat and oil glands, nails, and hair Protective covering from injuries Acts as barrier and regulates what enters/leaves body. Regulates body temperature. Synthesizes and stores vitamins. Sensory functions
EPIDERMIS 5 layers of tissue 1.Stratum corneum 2.Stratum lucidum 3.Stratum granulosum 4.Stratum spinosum 5.Stratum basale
STRATUM BASALE Lowest epidermal layer, near dermis Good nutrient supply Reproduces by mitosis Cuboidal, columnar in shape Moves to upper epidermis in 27 days.
STRATUM SPINOSUM Living cells Dividing 8-10 cells thick Polygonal in appearance
STRATUM GRANULOSUM Poor nutrient supply Flattened layer of cells 3-5 cells thick No cell division Keratin accumulates
STRATUM LUCIDUM Found only in very thick skin Translucent Highly keratinized Dead cells
STRATUM CORNEUM 25-30 cells thick Cells are filled with keratin and hardened Sloughed off Outermost layer of epidermis
DERMIS Dense fibrous connective tissue Collagen and elastic fibers Papillary layer Outer layer Touch & pain Dermal papillae - fingerprints Reticular layer Under papillary Irregular fibers Blood, sweat & oil glands, hair follicles, nerve endings
HYPODERMIS Fibrous connective tissue Adipose tissue fat cells
SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS Sweat glands Eccrine Most common Secretion is mostly water with solutes Cools body down Apocrine Larger than eccrine Develops scent as bacteria metabolize secretion Empty into hair follicles
SEBACEOUS GLANDS All over body except palms and soles of feet Produce sebum Keeps skin and hair soft Kills bacteria
HAIR
Melanocyte
INJURIES OF THE SKIN Decubitus Ulcers
INJURIES OF THE SKIN Burns 1st, 2nd, 3rd degree Rule of nine s Estimate the extent of burned tissue 100% of body
VIRAL INFECTIONS Herpes small, painful, blister like sores Herpes Varicella chickenpox Herpes Zoster shingles (adult chickenpox) Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1) cold sores
VIRAL INFECTIONS Human Papillomavirus (HPV) warts Plantar warts foot Grow inward
FUNGAL INFECTIONS Tinea Athlete s Foot Jock Itch Ringworm Toenail Fungus Areas that are moist
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS Impetigo Pink blister like bumps Usually on face School aged children Cellulitis Inflamed area of skin Red, swollen, painful Origin open wound
INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS Pleurisy Inflammation of pleura that line chest cavity Peritonitis Inflammation of peritoneum that lines abdomen Psoriasis Thick red skin with flaky silver-white patches
CANCERS OF THE SKIN Basal Cell Carcinoma Most common, least malignant Squamous Cell Carcinoma Malignant Melanoma Most serious form ABCD rule
Acne Article Questions What is hair made of? What are pilosebaceous units, and why are they important? Acne occurs when what happens? What causes acne? Acne is most common in what population? Name 3 things that can cause acne or make it worse? What is a comedo? List and describe two different treatments for acne. How can you protect your face/ minimize the effects of acne?
Define the terms below by filling out the box to the right of each directional term. TERM Superior Inferior Anterior (ventral) Posterior (dorsal) Medial Lateral Proximal Distal Superficial Deep DEFINITION