Pannel session on Surveillance of Avian Influenza in Nepal OIE Regional Expert Group Meeting for the Control of Avian Influenza in Asia,Sapporo, Japan, 3-5 October 2017
The Country NEPAL Land locked country Birth place of Lord Buddha Bordering countries: China : North India: East, south and west Geographical region Himalayan: 8 out of 14 highest summits in the world including Mt. Everest Mountain/hill : Terai: (Mostly bordering with India) Altitude ranges from 70 meters to 8,848 meters
Geo-Physical Diversity of Nepal 8848 m 300 to 500 KM 70 m
Institutional Framework of National Veterinary Services of Nepal Ministry of Livestock Development (MoLD) Department of Livestock Services OIE DoLP Directorate of Animal Health DLMP DLSTE Central Veterinary Laboratory 1 National Avian Lab & 5 Regional Vet. Labs Central Biological Production Lab. Veterinary Epidemiology Center National FMD & TADs Lab. Rabies Vaccine Production Lab. Regional Directorate of Livestock Services (5) District Livestock Services Office (DLSO) 75 Livestock Service Center/Sub-service Center (LSC/LSCC)=999 Central Animal Quarantine Office AQO=8, Check-Posts=24 Central Veterinary Hospital Vet.Std. Drug Admin. & Quality Control Office Veterinary Public Health Office
Legal and Operational documents related to HPAI in NEPAL Animal Health and Livestock Services Act and Regulation Bird Flu Disease Control Order National Bird flu surveillance Plan Guideline for Emergency Disease Investigation (EDIT) SOP for Control and Containment of HPAI
National Disease Notification System OIE Central 2Notify CVL/VEC/DAH DLS 4Report Disease Control Guidelines Local District Livestock Services Office Livestock Service Centre/Sub-Centre 2Notify NFMD TADs Other RDLS/RVL/ Prefectural NAL Government 1Notify 3Order for Control Measures Private Veterinarian/Paravet /Owner/Media Outbreaks/ Suspected cases of notifiable disease
HPAI National Surveillance Plan Nepal of Risk Based Surveillance 22 HRD 21 MRD 32 LRD 8 Water bird zone
Risk factors: Formal and informal trade of domestic poultry, eggs, meat and wild/pet birds Wintering of migratory birds Sharing common habitat among migratory and residential wild birds Unorganized markets of poultry and pet birds Poor attention on biosecurity measures Unorganized and densely poultry populated areas Open porous border to India & China
Method of surveillance Passive Active Poultry producers Associations, Community organizations, Wildlife personnels NGO participatory groups, Private Practitioners/ Village animal health workers Advised to report trigger points. Visiting, commercial farms, backyard poultry premises and live markets for clinical Examinations Swab sampling from sick and dead birds Collecting blood samples from healthy Ducks, Fresh Fecal Sample from wild birds (waterfowl)
Under National Surveillance program Targetted quantity of samples in 2017 From HRD 800 samples from each districts (17600 samples) From MRD- 500 samples from each districts (10500 samples) Samples sites- Live bird market, Commercial poultry farms, Wild bird interface, Highly dense poultry populated area
surveillance programme of wild birds 8 water bird zones Buffer zone National Park Domestic Duck 1.5-2 km Routine surveillance
surveillance programme of Migratory Birds Migratory Birds Fresh fecal collection If sample is +ve for AI then domestic birds of that particular areas are under intensive surveillance
Date of Sample Collection Name & address of Farmer/ Trader GPS Coordinates Field Vial Number Type of Place (Farm, Collection Yard, Slaughter Place, Live Market, etc.) No. of Bird/ Animal Average Mortality in a week Health Status during Surveillance Source of Birds/ Animals Sampled Common Name of Species Sampled Type of Bird / Animal Age of Species Sampled Sex of Species Sampled Sample Type Lab ID Date Received Result from Lab Result Date AVIAN INFLUENZA SURVEILLANCE FORM (INFORMATION SHEET) Region:..., Regional Code:.., District:.., District Code:.., VDC:, VDC Code:., Ward No:.. Responsibility of Collection Teams Responsibility of Testing Lab
Sampling strategy (In the absence of Disease) Major Sampling Areas/components: Commercial chickens Backyard chickens (includes live bird markets, confiscated birds) Wild birds from wild life areas and major lakes (fresh dead birds and fresh/wet feces) Domestic ducks from buffer zones (Oct- March) Live Bird Markets- Very imported to detect A Type of sample to be collected Tracheal swabs: Chickens Cloacal swabs: Ducks (chickens) Fresh, wet feces: wild birds and live market Blood/serum samples: Ducks Fresh dead carcasses: Any species of birds
Disease Information Data Management Data managed at Veterinary Epidemiology Center/DAH Data managed using o Excel (HPAI) o Access (Monthly epidemiological reporting)- NEPCEU o TAD info (Initiated for HPAI surveillance data) Data Analysis Analyzed reports published by VEC (Annually/Six Monthly) and distributed to all stakeholders Reporting to OIE (Six Monthly/Annually)
Difficulties in Surveillance Lack of Veterinarians in Wildlife sector. Low Veterinary Service coverage. Financial, Logistics and human resource management during multiple outbreaks. Trade barrier-business in low volume, venders satisfaction. Predominance of small holders poultry farm. Proportion of Backyard poultry is more than commercial Inadequate adaptation of Bio-security measures Inadequacy in laboratory capacity and trained laboratory manpower.
Difficulties in Surveillance contd One health approach is not fully practiced Need of revision of surveillance plan and control strategy Compensation to farmers is less Laboratory capacity need to be strengthened Field technicians need additional simulation exercises and refresher trainings Due to inadequate budget and resources surveillance, control and containment activities became affected Quarantine activities needs to be strengthened
Difficulties in Surveillance contd Insurance system in commercial poultry farming is not in fully practiced Limited molecular diagnostic facilities Limited trained manpower in laboratory diagnostic services Need of cross border as well as Regional coordination
Long porous border Challenges for HPAI Control Cross-border Movement Migratory birds ( wetlands, wildlife reserve, National Parks) Unauthorized Live markets, illegal trade Low Compensation rate Inadequate Penalty Measures