Making Connections Practice Mrs. Fornaro Name Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. Progressive Resistance Exercise Progressive resistance exercise (PRE) is a method of increasing the ability of muscles to generate force. The principles of PRE for increasing force production in muscles have remained unchanged for almost 60 years. These principles are (1) to perform a small number of repetitions until fatigued, (2) to allow sufficient rest between exercises for recovery, and (3) to increase the resistance as the ability to generate force increases. Traditionally, PRE has been used by young, healthy adults to improve athletic performance. A student decided to incorporate PRE into his exercise program. He did not know how to determine when he had allowed sufficient rest between exercises for recovery. He hypothesized that waiting for his pulse to return to normal would probably be a good indication. 1. Students following the principles of PRE monitored their ability to lift weights. Which observation would indicate that their exercise program was successful? A) They could eventually lift heavier weights than when they started. B) Their pulse rate increased more rapidly as they kept lifting weights. C) The number of weights their group could lift during competition decreased. D) Males and females could lift the same weight an equal number of times during competition. 2. Students wanted to try PRE to increase their ability to rapidly squeeze a clothespin. They thought if they could do this, they could challenge another class to a clothespin squeezing competition and win. Which steps should the students take to follow the principles of PRE? A) Measure their pulse rate after squeezing the clothespin until fatigued. Then increase the resistance of the clothespin for the next trial. B) Squeeze a clothespin until fatigued, rest, and repeat. Over time, they should gradually increase the resistance of the clothespins they are squeezing. C) Measure their pulse rate, squeeze a clothespin for one minute, rest, and measure their pulse rate. D) Squeeze a clothespin for as long as they can, measure their pulse rate, rest, eat some candy. Increase the resistance of the clothespin for the next trial. 3. A person's pulse rate generally goes down while sleeping. One reason for this decrease is A) the body is producing more carbon dioxide when a person is sleeping B) a person is not using energy while sleeping C) a person requires less oxygen when sleeping D) the body is using more nutrients while asleep 4. A student lifted weights after school and found that his muscles started to burn. He couldn't continue to lift the weights after prolonged exercising. This muscle fatigue is most likely due to A) the heart beating too fast and tiring out B) the lungs accumulating oxygen C) lack of oxygen and build up of waste in the muscles D) lack of carbon dioxide in the muscles
Base your answers to questions 5 and 6 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. A student designed an experiment to investigate a claim that athletes would have lower heart rates than nonathletes during exercise. After the students classified themselves as an athlete or a nonathlete, their resting pulses were determined. Then all the students performed the same exercise for four minutes and their heart rates were determined by recording the pulse rate in beats per minute. The students continued to measure their pulse rates for an additional four minutes. The average heart rate per minute for each group was determined. The data were recorded, as shown on the table below. 5. To improve the validity of the conclusion reached in this experiment, the students should repeat the experiment A) disregarding any data that don't fit the hypothesis B) with a larger number of athletes and nonathletes C) comparing the heart rates and breathing rates of males and females D) with the athletes doing different exercises than the nonathletes 6. Which statement is best supported by the data in the chart? A) After exercise, the nonathletic students had a lower heart rate than the athletic students. B) After exercise, the heart rates of the athletic students returned to resting pulse in four minutes. C) During exercise, both groups of students had the same increase above their resting pulse. D) During exercise, the athletic students had a higher heart rate than the nonathletic students. 7. The cellular process which uses oxygen and sugar to produce energy is called A) photosynthesis B) cell division C) cellular respiration D) DNA replication 8. The buildup of waste products in muscle cells that are active might cause A) digestion B) cellular respiration C) increased fatigue D) decreased heart rate 9. In an experiment to test the effect of exercise on the number of times a clothespin can be squeezed in 1 minutes, the dependent variable would be the A) test subject B) amount of exercise C) number of squeezes D) clothespin
10.An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of activity on pulse rate. Data were collected and recorded in the table below. Which activity most likely corresponds to the pulse rate of the person while sleeping? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 11.Students in a science class took their pulse rates before and after they ran in place for one minute. The class data showed that pulse rates increased with exercise. A graph of the data would look most like A) B) C) D) 12. Students noticed that some of their classmates have a hard time concentrating during class. They thought it may have some connection with the fact that these students consume energy drinks just before class. An experiment was proposed to find out if there is a connection between energy drinks and the lack of ability to concentrate in class. A properly designed experiment to determine this would include having A) the whole class drink energy drinks and no water at all, for the entire time of the experiment B) the whole class drink water and no energy drinks at all, for the entire time of the experiment C) the students drink both water and an energy drink just before class D) half the students drink water and the other half drink an energy drink just before class 13. Dissolved nutrients, wastes, and oxygen are exchanged between the blood and intercellular fluid through the walls of A) arteries B) veins C) capillaries D) ventricles
14. Base your answer to the following question on the information and data table below and on your knowledge of biology. A group of students obtained the following data while trying to determine the effect of exercise on pulse rate. Which two body systems were most actively involved in this experiment? A) respiratory and immune B) digestive and endocrine C) respiratory and circulatory D) immune and circulatory 15. What is an advantage of a change in pulse rate after exercising? A) The heart needs to produce more energy to supply the active muscle cells and maintain homeostasis. B) An increased blood flow carries excess waste products away from the active muscle cells. C) The blood is removing oxygen from muscle cells that were not active and carrying it to muscle cells that are active. D) The blood is supplying the active muscle cells with carbon dioxide to neutralize wastes in those cells. 16. In an experiment to determine the effect of exercise on pulse rate, a student checks his pulse rate before and after exercising for several minutes. The purpose of checking his pulse rate before exercising is that it A) serves as the conclusion for the experiment B) is needed to justify the sample size C) serves as a control for the experiment D) is needed to formulate a hypothesis 17. What is the main function of gas exchange A) To remove carbon dioxide and supply oxygen to the body B) To remove oxygen from the body C) To supply carbon dioxide and remove oxygen from the body D) To supply water to the body cells 18. The muscular nature of the walls of ventricles is most closely associated with their function of A) storing blood from the body B) producing red blood cells C) maintaining pressure lower than that in the atria D) forcing blood to the lungs and body
19. A student hypothesized that watching sports on television would cause viewers' pulse rates to increase. She designed an experiment to determine the effect of watching sports on pulse rate. A group of 200 volunteers took their pulse rates and then watched their favorite sports on television. After the games, they immediately took their pulse rates again. The data collected showed that the pulse rates of some people increased, but the pulse rates of an equal number of people did not change. Although the hypothesis was not supported by the data, the hypothesis is still valuable because it A) may lead to further investigation B) can be changed to fit the data C) is the opinion of the experimenter D) is based on beliefs of the volunteer 20. Base your answer to the following question on the information and graph below and on your knowledge of biology. Students were asked to design a lab that investigated the relationship between exercise and heart rate. Heart rate was determined by recording the pulse rate in beats per minute. The students hypothesized that increased exercise results in an increased heart rate. The class results for the experiment are shown in the graph below. The change in heart rate that occurs between 1 and 5 minutes of exercise is an adaptation that A) reduces the rate at which oxygen is carried to the muscle cells B) increases the rate at which carbon dioxide is carried to the muscle cells C) results in the production of more ATP in muscle cells D) slows the destruction of enzymes involved in respiration of muscle cells 21. Veins are blood vessels that A) deliver blood to the cells of the body B) contain striated muscle C) carry blood toward the heart D) readily exchange materials between the blood and body cells 22. The movement of blood from the legs toward the heart is hindered by gravity. The effect of gravity is counteracted by A) smooth muscle in the capillaries B) cilia lining the blood vessels C) valves in the veins D) lymph nodes near major vessels
23. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. A student is opening and closing clothespins as part of a lab activity. The student begins to experience muscle fatigue, and the rate at which the student is opening and closing the clothespins slows. In order for the muscle fatigue to end, the muscle cells must be provided with A) oxygen B) nitrogen C) carbon dioxide D) amino acids 26. Which line in the graph below best illustrates an effect of the carbon dioxide level in the blood on breathing rate before, during, and after a period of exercise? A) A B) B C) C D) D 27. Which structure shown in the diagram below contracts, causing a pressure change in the chest cavity during breathing? 24. The organ depicted above is responsible for A) circulation B) excretion C) reproduction D) respiration 25. The diagrams below represent cross sections of vessels found in the human circulatory system. A) A B) B C) C D) D Diagram A most likely represents A) vein B) a lymph vessel C) a capillary D) an artery
28. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents the pathway of blood throughout the body, and on your knowledge of biology. Which structure represents the chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood directly from the lungs? A) 5 B) 6 C) 3 D) 4
Base your answers to questions 29 and 30 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. Students in a high school biology class conducted an investigation on pulse rates. The thirty students performed three different activities and determined their pulse rates. Each activity was done three times. The average is shown in the graph below. 29. State the relationship between intensity of physical activity and pulse rate. 30. The students want to improve the validity of their conclusion. The best way to accomplish this is to A) change the hypothesis B) repeat the investigation several times C) increase the number of variables D) increase the height of participants in each group
31. Identify one waste product that is released during exercise. Explain how this waste product leaves the body. Waste product: 32. Using the axes on the graph below, sketch a line graph showing the changes in heart rate of a person who is walking slowly, then begins running, and then sits down to rest for a few minutes.
33. Base your answer on the information below. Biology students conducted a preliminary survey to study the relationship between body height and resting pulse rate. The students collected data from 10 classmates and the results are shown in the graph below. Is there a relationship between height and resting pulse rate? Support your answer.