Lumpy Skin Disease in Israel 2012-2013 Nadav Galon, CVO Israel FAO Webinar 07-04-2015
IVSAH- Field Veterinary Services 6 Veterinary Districts DVO -6 Vets - 33 Inspectors 14 Total 53 ~ 100 non- gov. vets - working with cattle 2
Dairy - zero grazing Beef- zero housing Maps- from E. Klement 3
Previous LSD outbreaks in Israel Year region No of herds Type of farm Pre Vacc. Control method Culled / died 1989 Western Negev 1 Dairy 0 grazing NO Stamping Out >800 heads 2006 Southern coastal plain 1 Dairy 0 grazing NO Vaccinate, clinical test & cull 206 heads 33% of herd 2007 Western Negev 9 Dairy and Beef Small size pasture Sheep Pox RM 65 Clinical test & cull 508 Dairy 5.5% Beef 33%(10-41) 4
LSD Control Strategy 2007-2012 Trans-boundary disease from the South Summer disease (June- October) VS can detect the first cases (dairy herds) Sheep Pox vaccine protects Vaccination & culling stops spreading The vector is Stomoxys & others 5
LSD outbreaks in Israel 2012 1989 2006 2007 6
Lebanon 28-07-2012 Israel 7
Northern Golan 2012 8
Druze cattle herds Northern Golan 9
LEBANON 7 Initial picture 28.07.2012 10 2 19 SYRIA ~ 40 Beef herds 4,000 cows Mutual grazing Poor pasture Mountains, forests Over crowding Zero vaccinated 10-60% morbidity 10
Detection of Incursion ~ 6-8 weeks from index case to VS knowledge Remote area near the northern border Extensive part time Beef Farmers Rural private vets No regular farm visits Limited knowledge of emerging diseases Not reporting to VS No enough active surveillance by the VS 11
Why didn t we cull infected cattle Thousands of infected & incubating heads No ability to limit animal movements No facilities for repeated clinical evaluation No collaboration of farmers for restrain &cull No access to evacuate dead and culled cattle Risk of reintroduction along the border Druze Elders (leaders) object to culling 12
Immediate control measures Beef Herds Zoning & Movements restrictions zone Vaccination Sheep Pox JOVAC Insects control limited Awareness campaign No culling Dairy herds + Culling clinical cases 13
Sheep Pox vaccine RM/65 10 3 TCID 1 ml sc 14
Information - Communication 15
Lab diagnosis techniques Kimron Vet. Institute (National) Virology dept. Routine PCR: blood, skin RT-PCR: blood, skin Research PCR saliva, synovial fluid Isolation 16
Beef Milk Beef Milk July 2012 Maps M. Bellaiche 17
Beef Milk 24 October 2012 Beef Milk 18
Beef Milk December 2012 Beef Milk 19
Beef Milk January 2013 Beef Milk Change the Vaccine!! 20
Sheep Pox RM/65 POX 10 = 10 4 2ml dose 21
Neethling Vaccine 22
Neethling post vaccination response KVI developed PCR differentiating wild virus from vaccine strain 23
Beef Milk March 2013 Beef Milk 24
New Control measures- March 2013 Emergency order to farmers to vaccinate - CVO 2 vaccines: POX 10 and Neethling Vaccination by gov t and non-gov t vets Mandatory reporting of vaccination to VS Test & cull & compensate DVO ~ Vaccination coverage- 90% dairy 70% Beef 25
Beef Milk May 2013 Beef Milk 26
Beef Milk July 2013 Beef Milk Movement of infected cattle 27
# of new herds per month 28
Herd Type by Month of Index Case 29
Transmission- know & don t know More than one vector? Varies in region, season, housing type Slow spreading (vs Ephemeral fever BEF) With and without cattle movement No effective insect control Cattle movement: legal (un dx) & illegal (Transit permit is required prior to moving) 30
Moshav Kanaf - 5 dairy farms, 1 feedlot ס.ל.ס.ב דפנה קורן א.א.א. 30 80 50 70 מפטמה בוארון נאור אייל שטיגליץ 31
Kanaf farms - variability Farm Dairy 1 Dairy 2 Dairy 3 Dairy 4 Dairy 5 Feedlot Heads in herd 219 75 50 475 40 300 Clinical cases 8% 16% 2% 2% 0% 0% Duration (d) first- last case 91 36 0 85 0 0 32
Outbreak Timeline Estimated introduction 1 st Dx by VS- KVI Vaccination Pox-1 1 st dairy case Vaccination Neethling Pox-10 Last reported Sporadic case cases?/06/2012 26/07/2012 28/07/2012 24/10/2012 10/03/2013 May 2013 29/08/2013 33
Outbreak Losses - October 2013 Beef- Pasture Feedlot Dairy Total Herds exposed 141 9 143 293 Heads exposed ~ 40,000 10,000 100,000 150,000 Mortality # 561 46 25 632 Destroyed # 17 0 434 451 Total Compensations paid ~ 1 mil value of Beef Cow ~ 1,000 value of Dairy Cow ~ 2,500 Additional Farmers losses ~ 2-3 mil 34
International collaboration Eeva Tuppurainene - field visit Sep. 2012 OIE regional meeting, Cyprus, Feb. 2013 EFSA - workshop- Israel data presented Contacts- EU, PAT, Jordan, Turkey, Cyprus Greece Seminar March 2015 (inc. Bulgaria) FAO EuFMD Webinar April 2015 35
March 2015 Risk Analysis Regional epidemiology unclear threat still exist Few suspected cases, tested negative Mandatory Vaccination (reevaluated annually) Performed only by private vets Vaccine Coverage and portion (estimate) Vaccine Vaccinated herds OBP Neethling ABIC POX 10 (RM 65) Dairy 90% 80% 20% Beef 80% 50% 50% 36
Future Challenges Active surveillance Research (KVI, Koret Vet School, int l ) Epidemiology Entomology Vaccine effective, safe, affordable Regional collaboration Int l partners welcome!! 37
Every challenge is an opportunity Thanks to: IVSAH KVI Koret Vet School Hachaklait & private vets farmers cvo_vsah@moag.gov.il www.vetserv.moag.gov.il/vet 38