THE INFLUENCE OF MILK THISTLE SEED CAKES ON BROILER CHICKENS PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS STASTNIK ONDREJ 1, DETVANOVA LENKA 2, KARASEK FILIP 1, STENCLOVA HANA 1, KALHOTKA LIBOR 2, PAVLATA LEOS 1, MRKVICOVA EVA 1 1 Deprtment of Animl Nutrition nd Forge Production 2 Deprtment of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology nd Plnt Nutrition Mendel University in Brno Zemedelsk 1, 613 00 Brno CZECH REPUBLIC ondrej.ststnik@mendelu.cz Abstrct: The im of this study ws to evlute influence of the milk thistle seed ckes t dose 5 nd 15% in feed mixture. Seventy five cockerels were divided into three equl groups. The experimentl groups received feed mixtures contining 5% of milk thistle seed ckes (MT5), 15% of milk thistle seed ckes (MT15) nd third group ws control without milk thistle seed ckes (C). Averge feed consumption per one chicken ws evluted. Crcss yield ws clculted for ech group like s percentge of live weight. Feed consumption in the groups fed with milk thistle seed ckes ws lower. Feed conversion rtio ws worse in experimentl groups thn the control group. Broiler crcss yield ws negtively ffected (P<0.05) by dietry tretment. Milk thistle seed ckes in the mount used in this experiment re not suitble component in feed mixture of broiler chickens. Key Words: broiler chickens, performnce prmeters, crcss yield, feed conversion rtio, milk thistle INTRODUCTION Milk thistle (Silybum mrinum L.) hve been used for lmost 2 000 yers s nturl tretment for the liver diseses (Ding et l. 2001). The min ctive substnces occurring in milk thistle re flvonolignns, which re heptoprotective substnces. The seeds of milk thistle contin flvonoids quercetin, txifolin, nd prticulrly flvonolignns in n mount of 1.5 3%. The mixture of silydinin (10%), silychristin (20%) nd silybin (50 60%) is known s silymrin (Opletl, Skrivnov 2010, Ding et l. 2001, Zhid, Durrni 2007). Silymrin complex exhibits chemopreventive ctivity ginst chemicl, virl, bcteril nd fungl toxins, inhibits lipid peroxidtion, nd stbilizes the cell membrnes of the liver prenchym (Opletl, Skrivnov 2010). Vrious trils showed tht silymrin ddition in diet or silymrin dministrtion incresed productive nd reproductive performnces nd improved livestock helth sttus of nimls (Tedesco 2001). This study ws conducted to evlute influence of the milk thistle seed ckes t dose 5% or 15% in feed mixture on performnce prmeters of broiler chickens. MATERIAL AND METHODS The experiment ws performed with cockerels of Ross 308 hybrid (n = 75) which were fttened on conventionl deep litter system. Wood shvings were used s bedding mteril. The tril ws conducted from dy 12 to dy 37 of chick s ge. Room temperture nd humidity were controlled. Lighting system ws 16 hours light nd 8 hours drk. Cockerels were divided into three equl groups. The two experimentl groups received feed mixtures contining 5% nd 15% of milk thistle seed ckes (groups MT5 nd MT15, respectively). The third group ws without milk thistle seed ckes (Control group). The used milk thistle seed ckes contined 3.73% of flvonolignns. Tble 1 shows chemicl composition of used milk thistle seed ckes. The rtions were clculted ccording to the Recommended nutrient content in poultry diets nd nutritive vlue of feeds for poultry (Zelenk et l. 2007). The composition of feed mixtures is shown in Tble 2. The chickens were fed d-libitum. Helth sttus ws evluted dily nd live weight mesured every week during the tril. Body weight gin ws mesured individully. 152 P ge
At the end of experiment six birds were selected rndomly from ech group, weighed nd slughtered. Fethers were removed nd chickens were eviscerted. Crcss yield ws clculted. In these selected chickens were deboned nd weighed brest muscle nd leg muscle. These vlues were clculted by the percentge of live weight. Tble 1 Chemicl composition of milk thistle seed ckes (g kg -1 ) Dry mtter (g) 927 Gross energy (MJ kg -1 ) 18.8 Crude protein (g) 201.2 Crude ft (g) 9.3 Crude fibre (g) 27.1 Crude sh (g) 6.3 Tble 2 Composition of feed mixture (g kg -1 ) Component MT15 MT5 Control Whet 269 271.8 378.2 Corn 251 282.4 247 Milk thistle seed ckes 150 50 0 Soyben mel 128 120 105 Soyben extruded 78 190 190 Rpeseed oil 40 30 20 Whet gluten 40 15.2 18.8 Premix* 30 30 30 Monoclciumphosphte 7 6.5 7 Limestone milled 5 4 4 L-lysine 2 0 0 Chemicl composition (per kg of diet) Dry mtter (g) 925 920 912 Gross energy (MJ) 17.6 17.5 16.4 Crude protein (g) 213 200 194.1 Crude ft (g) 8.6 8.6 7.4 Crude fibre (g) 6 3.8 3 Crude sh (g) 6 5.8 5.4 * Premix contins (per kg): lysine 60 g; methionine 75 g; threonine 34 g; clcium 200 g; phosphorus 65 g; sodium 42 g; copper 500 mg; iron 2500 mg; zinc 3400 mg; mngnese 4000 mg; coblt 7 mg; iodine 30 mg; selenium 6 mg; tocopherol 450000 mg; clciferol 166700 IU; tocoferol 1500 mg; vit K 350 mg; Bl 140 mg; B2 230 mg; B6 200 mg; B12 1000 mg; biotin 7 mg; nicimid 1200 mg; folic cid 57 mg, clcium pntothente 450 mg; choline chloride 6000 mg; slinomycin sodium 2333 mg. Dt hs been processed by Microsoft Excel (USA) nd Sttistic version 12.0 (CZ). We used one-wy nlysis (ANOVA). To ensure evidentil differences Scheffe s test ws pplied nd P<0.05 ws regrded s sttisticlly significnt difference. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Bodyweight gin The verge bodyweight gin of cockerels per ech week of tril re shown in Tble 3. From the second week of the experiment control group showed significntly higher body weight compred to experimentl group MT15 nd from third week compred to both experimentl groups. At the end of tril we observed significnt (P<0.05) higher weight (2169.24 ± 134.72 g) in control group. 153 P ge
Tble 3 Men body weight gin (g) Week of tril n MT5 MT15 C Men ± stndrd devition 1 25 282.12 ± 24.87 288.72 ± 15.14 279.40 ± 13.49 2 25 452.44 ± 43.87 399.24 ± 28.67 b 456.28 ± 27.67 3 25 821.56 ± 98.07 730.52 ± 66.99 b 912.16 ± 66.80 c 4 25 1322.68 ± 128.40 1190.20 ± 95.70 b 1475.72 ± 114.61 c 5 25 1970.20 ± 185.23 1846.16 ± 147.78 b 2169.24 ± 134.72 c,b,c different letters on one line - sttisticlly significnt differences (P<0.05) According to the technologicl procedure for ROSS 308, the verge body weight of cockerels would be 2 493 g t 37 dys of ge (Avigen Group 2014). This is much closer to the vlue of the control group (2169 g). Suchy et l. (2008) in their experiment observed then the ddition of 0.2% nd 1% Sylibum Mrinum seed ckes cused decrese in the weight gin nd feed conversion rtio. Gwel et l. (2003) found n increse in the slughter weight in broilers when supplied with silymrin. Wojcik et l. (2002) dded to fttened chicken with silymrin supplement. They discovered lower slughter weight nd higher feed conversion rtio compred to the control group. Feed consumption The highest verge feed consumption during the experiment ws observed in the control group. See Tble 4. Conversely, the lowest feed consumption showed MT15 group, mking were lso lower live weight of chickens. It seems therefore tht selected reltively high percentge of milk thistle seed ckes worsens feed intke, respectively it is pltbility. This my be due to the content of substnces with bitter tste. Feed conversion rtio Feed conversion rtio ws better in control group s compred to the experimentl group MT15. FCR showed in Tble 4. In the control group ws found the highest feed consumption, but the best feed conversion rtio. Tble 4 Feed consumption, feed conversion rtio (kg) Group MT5 MT15 C Feed consumption 3.1 3.0 3.3 Feed conversion rtio 1.8 1.9 1.7 Crcss yield The crcss yield prmeters of chickens t the end of experiment were presented in Tble 5. In crcss yield ws found the significnt higher (P<0.05) differences in control group vs. MT5 in percentge of crcss nd vs. MT5 nd MT15 by percentge of leg met. Crcss yield stted in the technologicl procedure for ROSS 308 (Avigen Group 2014) is 71.72% for 2 000 g live weight. The higher brest yield ws found in the group 5% of milk thistle ckes (21.34 ± 0.97%). The differences mong groups were not sttisticlly significnt (P<0.05). In the mnul of hybrid Ross 308 (Avigen Group 2014) is stted similr percentge of brest muscle of body weight to our results. The highest significnt difference (P<0.05) in leg met yield ws observed in the control group (15.67 ± 0.72%) compred to the experimentl groups. The mnul for the hybrid Ross 308 (Avigen Group 2014) indictes yield of leg met 16.01% for 2 000 g live weight. 154 P ge
Liver weight ws highest for MT15 group but differences were not significnt (Tble 5). Tble 5 Crcss yield Crcss Brest met Leg met Liver Group n Men (%) ± stndrd devition b MT5 6 69.28 ± 0.85 21.34 ± 0.97 14.03 ± 0.66 2.33 ± 0.45 MT15 6 69.64 ± 1.55 b 20.24 ± 1.65 14.50 ± 0.84 b 2.69 ± 0.18 C 6 73.50 ± 4.14 b 21.13 ± 2.12 15.67 ± 0.72 2.33 ± 0.45,b,c different letters on one line - sttisticlly significnt differences (P<0.05) Schivone et l. (2007) observed in their tril tht ddition of silymrin did not significntly ffect growth performnces but slightly reduced slughtering yields probbly by feed consumption reduction nd modultion. CONCLUSION The ddition of milk thistle seed ckes (dose of 5% nd 15%) negtively ffected the growth of chickens, becuse the finl body weight of chickens (t 37 dys of ge) with prt of milk thistle seed ckes in feed mixture ws significntly lower (P<0.05). Feed conversion rtio ws therefore worse in experimentl groups (5 nd 15% of milk thistle seed ckes) thn in the control group. Broiler crcss yield ws negtively ffected (P<0.05) by dietry tretment. Addition of milk thistle seed ckes t doses of 5 nd 15% ppers to be high. Milk thistle seed ckes in the mount used in this experiment re not suitble component in feed mixture of broiler chickens. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The reserch ws finncilly supported by the IP IGA FA MENDELU 11/2015. REFERENCES Avigen Group. 2014. Technologicl procedure for broiler Ross [online]. Avigen Group 2014. [2015-02-21]. Avilble from: http://en.vigen.com/ross-308 Ding T. M., Tin S. J., Zhng Z. X., Gu D. Z., Chen Y. F., Shi Y. H., Sun Z. P. 2001. Determintion of ctive component in silymrin by RP-LC nd LC/MS. Journl of Phrmceuticl nd Biomedicl Anlysis, 26(1): 155 161. Gwel A., Kotonski B., Mdej J. A., Mzurkiewicz M. 2003. Effect of silimrin on chicken nd turkey broilers rering nd the production indices of reproduction hen flocks. Medycyn Weterynryjn, 59(6): 517 520. Opletl L., Skrivnov V. [ed.] 2010. Nturl substnces nd their biologicl ctivity (in Czech). Prgue: Krolinum. Schivone A., Righi F., Qurntelli A., Bruni R., Serventi P., Fusri A. 2007. Use of Silybum mrinum fruit extrct in broiler chicken nutrition: influence on performnce nd met qulity. Journl of niml physiology nd niml nutrition, 91(5 6): 256 262. Suchy P., Strkov E., Kummer V., Herzig I., Pisrikov V., Blechov R., Mskov J. 2008. Heptoprotective effects of milk thistle (Silybum mrinum) seed ckes during the chicken broiler fttening. Act Veterinri Brno, 77(1): 31 38. Tedesco D. 2001. The potentility of herbs nd plnts extrcts s feed dditives in livestock production. Zootecni e Nutrizione Animle, 27(3 4): 111 133. Wojcik S., Niedzwidek T., Admczyk M. 2002. The effectiveness of silymrin in finishing broilers. Biuletyn Nukowy Przemyslu Pszowego, 41(1): 5 14. 155 P ge
Zhid R., Durrni F. R. 2007. Biochemicl, hemtologicl, immunologicl nd growth promotnt role of feed dded Milk Thistle (Silybum mrinum) in broiler chicks. M.Sc (Hons) thesis submitted to NWFP Agriculturl University Peshwr, Pkistn. Zelenk J., Heger J., Zemn L. 2007. Recommended nutrient content in poultry diets nd nutritive vlue of feeds for poultry (in Czech). Brno: MZLU. 156 P ge