Additional Turmeric Powder (Curcuminoid) into Traditional Ration to Improve the Productivity of Bali Pig

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1 Interntionl Reserch Journl of Engineering, IT & Scientific Reserch (IRJEIS) Journl Homepge: Vol. 2 Issue 7, July 2016, pp. 44~49 ISSN: Impct Fctor: Article cited in Orcid OAI DOAJ Thomson Reuters Scopus Additionl Turmeric Powder (Curcuminoid) into Trditionl Rtion to Improve the Productivity of Bli Pig P.A. Astw I.K. Budrs I.K. Sumdi I.G. Mhrdik Article history: Received April 5 th, 2016 Revised My 20 th, 2016 Approved Month Dte th, 2016 Keywords: Productivity; Curcuminoid; Trditionl Rtion; Curcuminoid; Bli pig. Abstrct Bli Pig is one of germplsm whose existence is very limited until now. This is due to the very low growth nd breeding compred to other types such s Lndrce pigs, Duroc, nd Lghwhite. However, Bli pig hs n dvntge mong others such s ble to utilize lck qulity feed so it is suitble to mintin in rurl res. To keep the existence of Bli pig, necessry ttempt needed to void extinction. One of its wys is to mke improved feed by dding turmeric powder (curcuminoid). The benefits of giving curcuminoid re ble to increse the ppetite, increse the utiliztion of nutrients such s fts, proteins, nd crbohydrtes. This reserch method used Complete Rndomized Design (CRD) with 4 tretments nd 4 replictions. The tretments were: Tretment A: swine rtions tht did not contin turmeric powder (extrct curcuminoid), Tretment B: swine rtions contined turmeric powder (extrct curcuminoid), 0,02 ml/1 kilogrm body weight, Tretment C: swine rtions contined turmeric powder (ekstrct curcuminoid 0.04 ml/1 kilogrm body weight), nd Tretment D: swine rtions contined turmeric powder (ekstrct curcuminoid). 0,06 ml/1 kilogrm body weight. Observed vribles included consumption, overll weight gin, dily weight gin, FCR nd digestibility. The results showed tht the verge consumption nd weight gin in tretment curcuminoid 0,04/1 kilogrm bodyweight showed the highest result mong the four tretments. Level FCR in 0,04 ml/1 kilogrm bodyweight curcuminoid tretment showed the most efficient result nd the dry mtter digestibility showed significnt results (P <0.01). However, orgnic mtter digestibility, crude fiber nd protein digestibility showed non-significnt (P> 0.01) result. Overll, rtion tretment with curcuminoid 0,04 ml/1 kilogrm bodyweight showed the best results. Copyright 2016 Interntionl Journl of College nd University. All rights reserved. Author correspondence: First Author, Fculty of Animl Sciences, Udyn University, Jln P.B.Sudirmn, Denpsr, Bli-Indonesi Emil: ristw@yhoo.com 1. Introduction Up to now, met consumption in Indonesi hs reched 7.5 kg/cpit/yer, equivlent to 4.5 grms of niml protein/cpit/dy. Report from Directorte Generl of Animl Husbndry sttes tht in 2019, people of Indonesi expected to consume 15 grms of protein/cpit/dy, equivlent to.2 kg of met, eggs 10.4 kg nd 19.3 kg milk/cpit/yer. Pig Frm dontion in providing new met reched 12.6% of totl ntionl met Fculty of Animl Sciences, Udyn University Fculty of Animl Sciences, Udyn University Fculty of Animl Sciences, Udyn University Fculty of Animl Sciences, Udyn University 44

2 IRJEIS ISSN: Impct Fctor: production. Given this relity, pig production needs to be increse in order to meet the fulfillment of the pork met. Bli Pig is one of Indonesi s originl livestock tht hs potentility s met contributor due to Bli Pig cn grow well even they were given food with mot to good qulity. In ddition, its mintennce does not need good mngement s good s other rces. Nevertheless, giving too bd food qulity will disrupt its growth. To improve the productivity of Bli pig, cn be done with the improvement of the feed nd one of them is by providing mterils tht cn improve the utiliztion of food substnces. One lterntive tht cn lso done is to provide feed dditive such s turmeric powder (curcuminoid) Provision of turmeric powder (curcuminoid) on trditionl rtion ims to improve Bli pig s growth through improving digestion of nutrients nd improving the efficiency of feed utiliztion. The use of turmeric is techniclly very esy to do, which is by mixing it in rtions. Besides, turmeric price is very chep, so it does not cuse n increse in the price of the rtion. Provision of turmeric in trditionl rtion of Bli Pig expected to increse its productivity on frmers. Becuse during the breeding, locl frmer still doing it trditionlly where mny re never cged even given rtions with very bd qulity. According to Riydi (2009), rhizome of turmeric plnt is useful s n nti-inflmmtory, nti-oxidnt, nti-microbil nd turmeric cn improve the digestive orgn s work. Turmeric cn stimulte the wlls of the gllbldder secrete bile nd stimultes the relese of pncretic juice contining enzymes mylse, lipse nd protese tht re useful to improve digestion of feed ingredients such s crbohydrtes, fts, nd proteins. Besides, the essentil oils contined in turmeric my ccelerte gstric emptying. Bsed on the bove conditions it is necessry to study the use of turmeric s feed dditive in swine rtions Bli Pig. Bli Pig frming is selection for underprivileged fmilies. Despite the fct of its slow growth rte, Bli pig breed still demnded due to its wter sving nd esy mintennce. To keep Bli pig survives nd not extinct, one of the solution is by providing feed dditive turmeric extrct (curcuminoid) so it grows fster. 2. Reserch Method 2.1 Animl nd Design This study used 16 Bli wening pigs tht been cstrted. The experimentl design used ws Complete Rndomized Design (CRD) with 4 tretments nd 4 replictes used. The tretments were Tbel 1. Composition of Tretment Rtions Composer Rtions Composer % Tretment 1). Concentrte b. Polr c. Yellow corn d. Bnn stem e. Turmeric flour A B C D 0 0,02 0,04 Totl Informtion: Tretment A: swine rtions tht do not contin extrct (curcuminoid) Tretment B: swine rtions contining 0.02 ml / 1 kg turmeric extrct (curcuminoid) Tretment C: swine rtions contining 0.04 ml / 1 kg turmeric extrct (curcuminoid) Tretment D: swine rtions contining 0.06 ml / 1 kg turmeric extrct (curcuminoid) 0,06 Tbel 2. Rtions Gynecology Reserch Nutritionl content (%) A B C D Stndrd* ME (kkl/kg) Protein Crude fiber Ash C (ppm) S (ppm) Curcum 38 17, ,33 3, ,33 3, , , ,2-6 * Lbortory Anlysis Results Livestock Reserch Center Ciwi Bogor. Stndrd bsed on NRC (2012) This reserch conducted in Cndikusum villge of Mely District, Jembrn Regency. Length of study predicted for 6 months with 1-month lloction for preprtion in the field (such s preprtion of seedlings, cges, feed, nd dpttion), 4 months, nd 1-month dt collection study in the lbortory. Additionl Turmeric Powder (Curcuminoid) into Trditionl Rtion to Improve the Productivity of Bli Pig (P.A. Astw, I.K. Budrs, I.K. Sumdi, I.G. Mhrdik)

3 46 Impct Fctor: ISSN: Livestock used in this study were mle Bli pigs tht been wened nd were lredy cstrted with n verge body weight of 11 kg. The number of livestock used s mny s 16 livestock, kept in cge for 4 months. Cges used were individul cges with length of 2 m, width 0.75 m nd 1. m high. Ech unit is equipped with cge to et nd wter to drink. Before being treted, the pigs were gve vccine SE nd medicine to tret worms. Substnce turmeric (curcuminoid) used in this study were turmeric powder which ws trditionlly mde by grinding nd then squeezed in order to obtin extrcts of turmeric. Mking the turmeric extrct is done every dy, so it is not dmged. Rtions used were the trditionl feed ingredients tht used by frmers in rurl rnchers. Those mterils were concentrtes, polr, corn nd bnn stem. The provision of bnn stems mde freshly form sliced bnn stem nd pounded. Add turmeric powder nd then mixed with commercil feed homogeneously. Feeding by dily mixed. Rtioning done by d-libitum, twice dy, t 07:00 pm nd 17:00 pm. The rest of the rtion weighing done every dy t 6:30 pm. Provision of drinking wter lso done on d-libitum. 2.2 Vribles Mesurements Feed intke mesured by counting the mount of feed given every dy reduced by food remins on the very sme dy. Livestock growth clculted by weighing pigs every 2 weeks, then weight gined clculted by subtrcting the finl weight with the initil weight divided by length of the study. Feed Conversion Rtio (FCR) sought by dividing the consumed rtions with weight gin pigs. Rtion digestibility mesured by totl collection techniques AOAC (1990). Tht mesure the dry mtter intke nd totl dry mtter mnure produced. Digestibility of dry mtter, orgnic mtter, crude fiber nd crude protein cn be clculted by the formul:. Dry Mteril Digestibility (DMD) Dry Mteril intke Dry Mteril feces DMD = x 100% Dry Mteril intke b. Orgnic Mterils Digestibility (OMD) Orgnic Mteril Consumption - Orgnic Mterils feces OMD = x 100% Orgnic Mteril Consumption c. Crude Fiber Digestibility (CFD) Consumption of rw fiber - Fiber rough feces CFD = x 100% Dry mtter intke d. Digestible Crude Protein Coefficient (DCPC) Consumption of protein - Protein feces DCPC = x 100% Consumption of protein 2.3 Sttisticl Anlysis Reserched dt nlyzed by ANOVA (Anlysis of Vrint). When there were significntly different result (P <0.05), then continued with Duncn's multiple rnge test t 5% level. Reltionship between consumption, digestibility, nd weight gin were nlyzed by Correltion Anlysis (Steel nd Torrie, 1991). 3. Results nd Anlysis Turmeric is type of rizhome tht contins ctive substnces such s essentil oil nd curcumin compound. The very useful chemicl is curcumin from htnoid which gives yellow color. Besides, it hs tumeron, zingiberen tht serves s n nti-bcteril, nti-oxidnt, nd nti-inflmmtory nd hs oil strch comprising turmerol, fellndren, knfer, curcumin nd others. Reserch result showed the verge consumption vlue of 0.04 turmeric extrct (curcuminoid) ws the lowest mong four tretments, but sttisticlly showed significnt difference (P> 0.05). While for the growth of body weight, showed the highest mong four tretments, lthough not sttisticlly significntly different (P> 0.05). Thus proved tht turmeric gives the frgrnce nd tste of rtions resulting efficiency in the use of feed rtion due to the consumption is slightly lower since the feed qulity is good. According to Sing (2011), good qulity IRJEIS Vol. 2 Issue 7, July 2016: 44~49

4 IRJEIS ISSN: Impct Fctor: nutrient determines consumption nd livestock s weight gin. Adding extrct of turmeric (curcuminoid) s the feed dditive in pig s rtion gve significnt effect on feed conversion. Giving s much s 4 mg / kg of body weight gve the best effect on feed conversion nd growth rte Sing nd Mrtini (2011). Tbel 3. Consumption, WG, WG/dy nd FCR Vribles Tretment 2) SE M A B C D 3) Consumption (kg / h) DM 0,84 0,81 0,78 0,79 0,07 Weight Gin (kg) 27, ,50 29, Weight Gin / dy (kg) 0,22 0,23 0, 0,24 0,03 FCR (kg) 3,81 3,60 3,11 3, Informtion: Tretment A: swine rtions tht do not contin extrct (curcuminoid) Tretment B: swine rtions contining 0.02 ml / 1 kg turmeric extrct (curcuminoid) Tretment C: swine rtions contining 0.04 ml / 1 kg turmeric extrct (curcuminoid) Tretment D: swine rtions contining 0.06 ml / 1 kg of extrct of turmeric (curcuminoid) FCR is conversing consumed feed with weight gin. In this study, the effect of turmeric extrct t the level of 0.04/1 kg body weight ctully provides the most efficient results mong the four tretments. It is becuse the functions nd uses of turmeric gve frgrnce nd flvor, nd ct s bctericidl ginst group of bcteri Bcillus cereuss, Bcillus subtitis, nd Bcillus megterium. Therefore, it could increses feed intke nd could efficiencies stremline of the digestive trct so it digestion becomes more efficient. Besides, dditionl turmeric extrct cn inhibit the growth of vegettive cells of Bcillus nd inhibit the growth of spores. The ornge-yellow color contins in turmeric gve gentle disposition, ntibcteril, ntiinflmmtory, nd fcilittes bile expenditure (Agustin nd Sri, 2009). Tbel 4. Digestibility Coefficients Vribles Tretment 2) SE M A B C D 3) Dry Mtter digestibility coefficient (%) 7 Orgnic Mtter digestibility coefficient (%) 72,60 Crude Fiber digestibility coefficients 83,32 Crude Protein digestibility coefficient 66,22 72,67 73,75 83,22 72, ,46 83,12 72,59 75,59 72,97 83,03 72,32 Informtion: Tretment A: swine rtions tht do not contin extrct (curcuminoid) Tretment B: swine rtions contining 0.02 ml / 1 kg turmeric extrct (curcuminoid) Tretment C: swine rtions contining 0.04 ml / 1 kg turmeric extrct (curcuminoid) Tretment D: swine rtions contining 0.06 ml / 1 kg of extrct of turmeric (curcuminoid) The reserch resulted tht the verge vlue of Dry Mtter digestibility coefficient in the four tretments showed the higher dministrtion of turmeric extrcts (curcuminoid) cn incresed dry mtter intke in rtions becuse the function of the turmeric extrct in the feed itself. The better qulity of forge dry mtter intke in the feed ws better. While for the crude fiber digestibility, the condition ws the contrry. The higher dministrtions of turmeric extrct (curcuminoid) mde the vlue of dry mtter becme smller. However, both showed sttisticlly significnt different results (P <0.05). Tht becuse one of the turmeric benefits which produces koleretik effect cused the peristltic motion of the digestive trct slower, consequently digest styed longer in the intestine. These conditions resulted the digestion nd bsorption of nutrients in the digestive trct incresed (Rmprsd nd Sri Mrtini 1985 in 1998). In digestibility coefficient of orgnic mtter nd crude protein, level 0.04 turmeric extrct (curcuminoid) showed the best results. The results obtined were significntly different (P> 0.05) becuse turmeric extrct could increse the production nd secretion of bile into the smll intestine so tht digestion of fts, protein, nd crbohydrtes incresed. According to Mrtini. (1998) the incresed digestibility of ft, protein nd Additionl Turmeric Powder (Curcuminoid) into Trditionl Rtion to Improve the Productivity of Bli Pig (P.A. Astw, I.K. Budrs, I.K. Sumdi, I.G. Mhrdik) 3,26 4,76 3,08 3,08 2,08

5 48 Impct Fctor: ISSN: crbohydrtes will be followed by the increment of feed bsorption nd thus my cuse increment on body weight gin nd better feed efficiency. 4. Conclusion Giving Bli Pig rtions with 0.04 turmeric extrct (curcuminoid) gives the best results mong the four tretments nd Giving Bli Pig rtions with 0.04 turmeric extrct (curcuminoid) cn increse weight gin, feed efficiency (FCR), nd improves feed digestibility. Acknowledgement The successful implementtion of this study chieved from the support of vrious prties. Through this moment, we would like to sy thnk you to: Rector of Udyn University for the fund given for this study, Chirmn of Reserch Institute nd Community Services Udyn University s well s the stffs for ll your support, Den of the Fculty of Animl Husbndry- Udyn University for ll reserch fcilities nd infrstructure provided. Collegues whose nmes the uthor cnnot mention one by one for their ssistnce nd coopertion during the study. References [1] Agustin, Lily nd Sri Purwnti Nutrition Sciences Unggs. Livestock Resources Development (IDICUS), Mkssr. [2] A.O.A.C Officil Methods of Anlysis 13th Ed. Assocition of Anlysis Chemist. Wshington DC. [3] Rmprsd, Sri in the Mrtinis Effect of Rtions Contining Vrious different types of Curcum nd The combintion s Feed Additive on Production nd Crcss Crcss Ftty Acid Composition in New Zelnd White Rbbits. Disserttion Pdjdjrn University, Bndung. [4] NRC Nutrient Requirements of Swine. 10th Ed. Rev. United Stte Dept. of Agriculture, USA. [5] Riydi, S Turmeric nd Ginger Good for Broiler Chickens. Access on Februry 16, 2011 [6] Sing, S nd S.Mrtini The Effect of Vrious Curcuminoid Doses on Lndrce Pig [7] Steel, R.G.D. nd J. H. Torrie Principles nd Procedures of Sttistics. Publisher PT. Grmedi Pustk Utm, Jkrt IRJEIS Vol. 2 Issue 7, July 2016: 44~49

6 IRJEIS ISSN: Impct Fctor: Bibliogrphy of Authors 49 I Putu Ari Astw, S.Pt, MP I Putu Ari Astw, nicknmed Ari ws born in the Cndikusum Villge, Mely subdistrict, Jembrn Regency. The uthor hs received his postgrdute eduction t the Animl Husbndry Fculty of Udyn University. At the moment, he is still in his Doctorl degree t the sme Fculty nd University t the stge of finl project (disserttion). Author dily ctivity is in the Biochemicl Lbortory of Animl Husbndry Fculty of Udyn University, to give biochemistry nd biophysics to the undergrdute students. In the niml frming domin, the uthor hs conducted severl reserches on livestock nd publishes journl both ntionl nd interntionl. The uthor often provides counseling to the community of remote villges in severl districts in Bli regrding modern niml frming systems nd livestock wste tretment systems. Author believes with the world's rpid growth popultion, the technology in the world of niml frming should be more modern nd the pollution on environment spects must ddressed. Prof. Dr. Ir. Komng Budrs, MS Prof.Dr.Ir. I Ketut Sumdi, MS Prof.Dr.Ir. I Gede Mhrdik, MS Additionl Turmeric Powder (Curcuminoid) into Trditionl Rtion to Improve the Productivity of Bli Pig (P.A. Astw, I.K. Budrs, I.K. Sumdi, I.G. Mhrdik)