Medical Terminology Anatomical Position, Directional Terms and Movements
What we will cover... Content Objectives Students will be able to gain a better understanding and application of medical terminology in relation to Anatomical Planes, Directions and Movements. Language Objectives Students will be able to define basic anatomical terms and apply those terms when dissecting. Students will be able to compare and contrast the differences between directional terms and terms associated with movement.
Anatomical Terms Worksheet
History During the Renaissance ( Rebirth ) the study of human life and medicine began to flourish. Scientist, Doctors and Artist would experiment and practice on the dead and incarcerated. Cadavers were positioned flat on their backs, thus making it easier to draw and reference from that position. Many artist such as Leonardo da Vinci began to study, draw and diagram the human body.
Anatomical Position Standing erect, with palms and feet facing forward Is the standard reference point in which all positions, movements, and planes are described
Positions and Directions Terms of position and direction describe the position of one body part relative to another, usually along one of the three major body planes
Positions and Directions Superior Refers to a structure being closer to the head or higher than another structure in the body Inferior Refers to a structure being closer to the feet or lower than another structure in the body
Positions and Directions Anterior Refers to a structure being more in front than another structure in the body Posterior Refers to a structure being more in back than another structure in the body
Positions and Directions Medial Refers to a structure being closer to the midline or median plane of the body than another structure of the body Lateral Refers to a structure being farther away from the midline than another structure of the body
Positions and Directions Distal (Reference to the extremities only) Refers to a structure being further away from the root of the limb than another structure in the limb Proximal (Reference to the extremities only) Refers to a structure being closer to the root of the limb than another structure in that limb
Distal / Proximal Cont. When you divide the skeleton into Axial (Blue) and Appendicular (Yellow) you can better understand the extremities and their roots. Proximal Distal
Positions and Directions Superficial Refers to a structure being closer to the surface of the body than another structure Deep Refers to a structure being closer to the core of the body than another structure
Ventral Positions and Directions Towards the front or belly You Vent out or your nose and mouth. Dorsal Towards the back Like the Dorsal fin of a dolphin.
Positions and Directions Prone Lying face down Like a Pro Baseball player sliding into Home. Supine Lying face up Lying on your spine and you can have soup poured into your mouth. Unilateral Pertaining to one side of the body Bilateral Pertaining to both sides of the body
Anatomical Planes Fixed lines of reference along which the body is often divided or sectioned to facilitate viewing of its structures Allow one to obtain a three-dimensional perspective by studying the body from different views
Anatomical Planes Sagittal plane The plane dividing the body into right and left portions Midsagittal or median are names for the plane dividing the body into equal right and left halves
Anatomical Planes Frontal plane The plane dividing the body into front and back portions Also called the Coronal plane
Anatomical Planes Transverse plane The horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions Also called the Horizontal plane
Gummy Bear Dissection LAB 1. Cadaver Bear 2. Dissecting Tray 3. Scalpel
Movements Flexion Extension Hyperextension Adduction Abduction Prontaion Supination Retraction Protraction Elevation Depression Rotation Circumduction External Rotation Internal Rotation Inversion Eversion Dorsiflexion Plantarflexion Radial Deviation Ulnar Deviation Opposition
Movements Flexion Bending a joint or decreasing the angle between two bones In the Fetal Position we are flexing our joints Extension Straightening a joint or increasing the angle between two bones In the Anatomical Position we are extending our joints Hyperextension Excessive extension of the parts at a joint beyond anatomical position.
Flexion / Extension / Hyperextension
Movements Adduction Moving a body part towards the midline of the body Abduction Moving a body part away from the midline of the body
Movements Pronation Turning the arm or foot downward (palm or sole of the foot - down) Prone Supination Turning the arm or foot upward (palm or sole of the foot - up) Supine
Movements Retraction Moving a part backward Protraction Moving a part forward Elevation Raising a part Depression Lowering a part
Movements Rotation Turning on a single axis Circumduction Tri-planar, circular motion at the hip or shoulder Internal rotation Rotation of the hip or shoulder toward the midline External rotation Rotation of the hip or shoulder away from the midline
Movements Lateral Flexion Side-bending left or right
Movements of the Foot Inversion Turning the sole of the foot inward Eversion Turning the sole of the foot outward Dorsiflexion Ankle movement bringing the foot towards the shin Plantarflexion Ankle movement pointing the foot downward
Movements of the Wrist & Thumb Radial Deviation Movement of the wrist towards the radius or lateral side. Ulnar Deviation Movement of the wrist towards the ulna or medial side. Opposition Movement of the thumb across the palm of the hand.
Additional Range of Motion
Range of Motion 1. Hip 2. Hip 3. Hip Knee Ankle 4. Wrist (a) (b) 5. Hip Knee Ankle 6. Forearm (a) Forearm (b) 7. Shoulder 8. Shoulder 9. Jaw 10. Shoulder
Range of Motion 1. Hip _Abduction 2. Hip _Adduction 3. Hip _Flexion Knee _Extension Ankle _Plantarflexion 4. Wrist _Extension (a) _Hyperextension (b) _Flexion 5. Hip _Flexion Knee _Flexion Ankle _Dorsiflexion 6. Forearm (a) _Supination Forearm (b) _Pronation 7. Shoulder _Circumduction 8. Shoulder _Elevation 9. Jaw _Protraction 10. Shoulder _Rotation
Regional Terms
Word Association Activity
Lesson 2 Body Cavities Body cavities are spaces within the body that contain vital organs. The two major cavities in the body are the dorsal and ventral cavities. The dorsal cavity is a long, continuous cavity located on the back of the body. The ventral cavity is located on the front side of the body.
Lesson 2 Dorsal Cavity The dorsal cavity is divided into two sections: The cranial cavity contains the brain. The spinal cavity contains the spinal cord.
Lesson 2 Ventral Cavity The ventral cavity is divided into three sections: The thoracic cavity contains the trachea, esophagus, bronchi, lungs, heart, and major blood vessels. It is also known as the chest cavity. The abdominal cavity contains the stomach, small intestine, most of the large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen. The pelvic cavity contains the reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum.
Lesson 2 Small Body Cavities The orbital cavity contains the eye structures. The nasal cavity contains the parts that form the nose. The oral cavity, or buccal cavity, contains the teeth and the tongue in the mouth.
Lesson 2 Abdominal Regions: Quadrants Because the abdominal cavity is so large, it helps to divide it into regions. One method of division results in quadrants, or four regions: Right upper quadrant (RUQ) Left upper quadrant (LUQ) Right lower quadrant (RLQ) Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
Lesson 2 Abdominal Regions: Nine Regions Another method of dividing the abdominal cavity results in nine regions: Epigastric above the stomach Umbilical near the umbilicus Hypogastric below the stomach Left Hypochondriac below the ribs, left side Right Hypochondriac below the ribs, right side Left Lumbar near the waist, left side Right Lumbar near the waist, right side Left Iliac near the hips, left side Right Iliac near the hips, right side