Dissectin Kit Number: Grup Members: Date Perid Dissectins Objective: In this tw-week investigatin, we will be lking at an invetebrate (grasshpper) and a vertebrate (frg). Yu will be fcusing n the external and internal structures f these specimens. Standards: The standards cvered fr this lab is under the unit f Physilgy. This lab will act as a fundamental basis and student reference fr the physilgy f human bdy systems. Students are t use investigatin skills t explre the bdy systems. Rubric: Cmpleted frg clring guides (4) 20 ttal Dissectin Vcabulary 10 Pre-dissectin Research 8 Lab Questins 37 Reflectins 15 Cleanliness f lab statin & materials 10 Yur scre: Assignment Pints Dissectin Vcabulary: /10 Clring Guides: Grasshpper External /5 Grasshpper Internal /5 Frg Muscles /5 Frg Organs /5 Pre-dissectin Research / 8 G Ex G In F Ex F In F Nv Lab Questins /6 /4 /8 /14 /5 Reflectins /3 /3 /3 /3 /3 Clean up /2 /2 /2 /2 /2 Sectin Ttals Cmments: Received glves: Ttal fr lab: /100 Prcedures: Yu will be wrking in grups f 2 r 3. Each grup has a dissectin kit and ne frg. Yu and yur partner are respnsible fr taking care f yur materials and cleaning up yur lab statin. Yu and yur partner will each cmplete a daily lg f detailed wrk and data cllected thrughut the week.
Dissectin Vcabulary We will be using the fllwing new wrds thrughut the dissectin labs. Yu will need t be very cmfrtable with this new language in rder t cmmunicate effectively with Ms. Pastr and yur lab partners. A) My wn dictinary: lk up the wrds and write the definitins fr yur wn reference. Anatmy: Drsal: Specimen: Anterir: Vertebrate: Psterir: Invertebrate: Medial: External: Lateral: Internal: Inferir: Ventral: Superir: Using apprpriate descriptins frm the vcabulary refer t areas f a bdy. Fr example, instead f saying belly-side r frnt side, we use the wrd ventral. Fr each f the figures belw, label the figures with the crrect wrd that describes that area.
GRASSHOPPER-- COLORING GUIDES Walking Legs Jumping Leg Claws Carapace Hindwing Frewing Tympanum Spiracles Antenna Abdmen Labrum Head Thrax *Chse a clr fr each structure, clr bth bx and structure
PRE-DISSECTION RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1) Like all insects the grasshpper has 3 bdy segments: Head, Thrax, Abdmen (p. 692-695) a) Anterir segment is called the. b) Middle segment is called the. c) Psterir segment is called the. 2) List 4 parts cntained in the head: (p.694) 1 2 3 4 3) Which segment are the legs and wings attached t? 4) Structures specialized fr reprductin, digestin, respiratin, and excretin are lcated in the 5) Hw des the grasshpper achieve the fllwing senses? a. Auditry (hw des it hear?): b. Visual (hw des it see?): c. Tuch (hw des it feel/tuch?): d. Smell (hw des it smell?): e. Taste (hw des it eat?) : 6) Describe where the grasshpper s heart is lcated. 7) What des arthrpd mean? (break it up int prefix-suffix) Grasshpper -- EXTERNAL STRUCTURES I. LAB QUESTIONS Lcate and be able t identify the external structures f the grasshpper. 1) Is yur grasshpper a male r female? Hw d yu knw? 2) Where are the bnes? (Trick questin arthrpds have an skeletn) a. Hw many legs? b. Hw many wings? 3) What is the functin f the auditry membrane (tympanum)? Where is it lcated? 4) What is the functin f the spiracles? Where are they lcated? Data Table f Grasshpper Infrmatin Length f grasshpper Length f right jumping leg Sex f Grasshpper (male r female) cm cm
III. REFLECTIONS Write 3-4 sentences describing yur experience tday with grasshpper dissectin. (What did yu like abut it? What did yu dislike abut it? Was there anything that yu fund really difficult? In what ways culd yu d better? What did yu learn?) IV. CLEAN UP GRASSHOPPER -- INTERNAL STRUCTURES When using scissrs, keep the scissr pints just inside the bdy cvering t avid damaging the internal rgans. CAREFULLY cut alng the ventral side f the grasshpper starting frm the anus alng the abdmen t the thrax. Make a hrizntal T cut at the thrax. Pin the grasshpper with 4 pins. If the specimen is a mature female, the interir spaces may be filled with slender eggs in the varies. Infrm yur teacher if yu find eggs yu may be asked t remve sme f them. I. LAB QUESTIONS Lcate and be able t identify the internal structures f the grasshpper: 1) Exskeletn (remember arthrpds have their skeletal structure n the utside) 2) Muscular system ntice the many muscles, especially thse cnnecting the wings & legs. 3) Digestive system - remve sme f the lateral muscles and trachea as necessary withut injuring ther rgans. Identify the fllwing structures: a. Esphagus d. Gastric caeca g. Rectum b. Crp e. Stmach h. Anus c. Gizzard f. Intestine 4) Circulatry system - heart 5) Respiratry system - trachea, spiracles 6) Excretry system - Malpighian tubules 7) Nervus system - brain, nerve crd 8) Reprductive system - testes, *varies, viduct 9) Hw is the grasshpper heart different frm the human heart? 10) Hw des the grasshpper get xygen? What des it use t breathe?
III. REFLECTIONS Write 3-4 sentences describing yur experience tday with grasshpper dissectin. (What did yu like abut it? What did yu dislike abut it? Was there anything that yu fund really difficult? In what ways culd yu d better? What did yu learn?) IV. CLEAN UP FROG: External Structures***************************************************************************** 1) Recrd detailed bservatins f the feel and clr f the drsal and ventral bdy f the frg. Why d yu think this wuld be a gd survival trait? 2) Hw des the frg achieve the fllwing senses? a. Auditry b. Visual c. Tuch d. Taste- describe the psitin f the tngue e. Smell Cut the frg s skin (integumentary cverings) at the ventral side starting frm the anus up t the upper neck. Cut a T-sectin acrss frm ne armpit t the ther. Take ff the skin f the frg s that yu can see the muscles. EXTRA CREDIT fr first grup t have the skin in ne cmplete piece fingers and all!! Lcate and be able t identify the majr muscles f the frg. 3) What is the gastrcnemius fr? EC 4) What d the striatins (lines) f the muscles tell yu abut the mvement? REFLECTIONS Write 3-4 sentences describing yur experience tday with frg dissectin. (What did yu like abut it? What did yu dislike abut it? Was there anything that yu fund really difficult? In what ways culd yu d better? What did yu learn?) CLEAN-UP Be sure t wipe dwn dissectin trays and dry the dissectin tls.
FROG: Internal Structures **************************************************************************** Cut ventrally starting frm the bttm f the abdmen t the bttm f the neck. Make a hrizntal cut frm ne leg t the ther. Make a hrizntal cut frm ne underarm t the ther. Pin pen with 4 pins. Lcate the majr internal rgans f the frg. 1) What is the first big rgan that yu see? Hw many lbes (parts) des it have? 2) Lifting up the liver, what rgans get expsed? Name as many as yu can see. Use yur clring diagram t help yu identify the rgans. 3) What clr is the fat bdy? Stmach? Gall bladder? Where is it lcated? Heart? Kidney? 4) Is yur frg a male r a female? Hw d yu knw? 5) Is the spinal crd n the ventral r drsal side? Can yu feel the vertebral clumn? What is the vertebral clumn fr? 6) Is the heart n the anterir r psterir side? Cut ut the fllwing rgans: a. liver & gall bladder b. heart (cut in half (creating ventral and drsal halves) t see hw many chambers) Hw many chambers? c. lungs d. stmach e. small and large intestines intact (ne piece) 7) Cut the stmach pen. Did it have anything in it? Describe the texture f the inner lining f the stmach. 8) Describe what the arteries and veins f the heart are cnnected t. Make a sketch f the heart in as much detail as yu can here.
REFLECTIONS Write 3-4 sentences describing yur experience tday with frg dissectin. (What did yu like abut it? What did yu dislike abut it? Was there anything that yu fund really difficult? In what ways culd yu d better? What did yu learn?) CLEAN-UP Be sure t wipe dwn dissectin trays and dry the dissectin tls. FROG: Nervus System***************************************************************** Study and Remval f the Frg's Brain Starting at the mst anterir part f the head, the lfactry nerves cnnect t the nstrils and then t the lfactry lbes (A) where drs are prcessed. Just psterir t the lfactry lbes are tw elngate bdies with runded bases, this is the cerebrum (B), and it is the frg's thinking center. The cerebrum is the part f the brain that helps the frg respnd t its envirnment. Psterir t the cerebrum are the ptic lbes (C), which functin in visin. The ridge just behind the ptic lbes is the cerebellum (D), it is used t crdinate the frg's muscles and maintain balance. Psterir t the cerebellum is the medulla blngata (E) which cntrls respiratin, circulatin, and ther bdily functins; it als cnnects the brain t the spinal crd (F). Cmplete the chart. Brain Part Functin Letter Cerebellum Cerebrum Olfactry Lbe Optic Lbe Medulla Oblngata Prcedure: Remval f the Frg's Brain Turn the frg drsal side up. Cut away the skin and flesh n the head frm the nse t the base f the skull. With a scalpel, CAREFULLY scrape the tp f the skull until the bne is thin and flexible. Be sure t scrape AWAY frm yu. With yur scalpel held almst hrizntally, carefully chip away the rf f the skull t expse the brain. Use scissrs t cut away the heavier bne alng the sides f the brain. T receive extra credit fr remving the brain, yu must present it t me. All lbes shuld be attached with as much tissue as pssible present. GOOD LUCK! REFLECTIONS EC Write 3-4 sentences describing yur verall experience with frg dissectin. What are sme differences between the frg and humans. What are sme similarities? CLEAN-UP Be sure t wipe dwn dissectin trays and dry the dissectin tls.