Anatomy and Physiology Homework: Chapters 3-4 CHAPTER 3: Cells and Tissues 1. The smallest unit of living tissue is called a. All living organisms are composed of these basic units where all life processes occur. These units are composed of four elements:,, and. 2. Living matter is % water (H2O) 3. The three parts of living cells are: Nucleus Cytoplasm Plasma membrane 4. Cell transport and reproduction Passive transport is includes and - Active transport uses energy in the form of. Cells arise only from preexisting cells in a two events and. The time between these events is known as. carries the genetic master blueprint for protein synthesis TISSUES 1. Tissue is composed of groups of with the same or similar function. 1
The four tissue types are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 2. Histology is the study of. 3. For each of the four types of tissue in your text (p. 88), provide a short description of each type. (VERY SHORT) EPITHELIAL TISSUE (skin, mucous membrane, secretor glands, linings of vessels and cavities) Functions CONNECTIVE TISSUE (loose, dense, and specialized) Functions MUSCLE TISSUE (Smooth, skeletal, cardiac) Function NERVOUS TISSUE (conducing and supporting neurons) Function 2
4. MATCH THE NAMES OF THE TERMS OF DIRECTION WITH THE DESCRIPTION Histology 1. Stores fat Connective tissue 2. Blood platelets Adipose tissue 3. Hardest substance in the body Ossification 4. White blood cells Enamel 5. Blood-forming tissue Bone marrow 6. Study of tissues Gland 7. Salivary Leukocytes 8. Skeletal muscle Neuron 9. Flat Squamous 10. Nerve cell 11. Tendon 12. Formation of bone CHAPTER 4: Skin and body membranes 1. Classification of body membranes briefly describe each membrane below Epithelial Cutaneous Mucous Serous Connective 2. Skin is composed of two types of tissue; what are they? 1. 2. 3
The tissue that anchors the skin to underlying organs is known as 3. The epidermis has layers. New skin cells are produced in the 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd, 4 th or 5 th layer. (circle the correct answer). 4. The, and are the pigments that give skin color. 5. Appendages provide a brief description of the purpose of these structures. Cutaneous glands (secrete oil and sweat) Hair Nails 6. What are the primary concerns for health care professionals who treat burns? 7. What are the three types of skin cancer? a. Which is most common skin cancer? 4
b. Which type of skin cancer is most deadly? Why? 7. MATCH The Names of the Terms with the description Melanin 1. Central axis of hair Keratinization 2. Skin pigment Dermis 3. Visible portion of hair Cuticle 4. White crescent of nail Medulla 5. Produces brittle dry cells without nuclei Shaft 6. Lubricates surface of skin Cortex 7. Blue or ashy color of skin Lunula 8. Muscle Sebum 9. Principal portion of hair cells Cyanosis 10. Outermost layer of hair with scale like cells Arrector pili 11. Corium Fill in the blank: 1) The specialized cellular compartments within the cytosol of the cell are collectively called. 2) Whiplike cellular extensions that move substances along the cell surface are called. 3) Tiny finger-like projections of the plasma membrane that increase its surface area are called. 4) The movement of substances through the cell membrane against their concentration gradient is called. 5) The random movement of molecules (and ions) down their concentration gradient is called. 6) The DNA segment that carries information for building one protein or polypeptide chain is called a. 7) Epithelial tissue consisting of one layer of cells flattened like fish scales is called a epithelium. 8) The type of muscle tissue that can be controlled voluntarily is called muscle. 9) The type of tissue consisting of cells embedded in an extracellular matrix is tissue. 10) The type of connective tissue that contains fat stored in adipocytes is called. 5
11) This type of epithelial tissue found lining organs of the digestive system such as the small intestines is the. 12) The cell type found in nervous tissue is the. 13) tissue contains cells called fibroblasts that make fibers such as collagen. 14) Many layers of cube-shaped cells should be termed epithelial tissue. 15) The dermis is composed of the reticular and layers. 16) "Goosebumps" are caused by contractions of the muscles. 17) The type of burn that involves injury to the epidermis and the upper region of the dermis and is red, blistered, and painful is termed as a -degree burn. 18) The white, cheesy-looking substance that is produced by the sebaceous glands and protects a baby's skin while it is floating in its water-filled sac inside the mother is called. 19) The part of the hair enclosed in the follicle is known as the. 20) The white crescent area located over the nail matrix is called the. 21) The layer of the serous membrane that covers an organ is known as the layer. 22) The type of connective tissue membrane found in joints is the. 23) The two major categories of membranes are and. 24) Epithelial membranes contain two types of tissue, and tissue. 25) The sebaceous glands produce oil. 6
Identify the following: 1) The region that contains adipose tissue is indicated by letter. 2) The hair follicle is indicated by letter. 3) The structure that is responsible for whorled ridges on the epidermal surfaces is indicated by letter. 4) The structure that pulls the hair follicle into an upright position is indicated by letter. 5) The gland that produces a mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells is indicated by label. 6) The gland that produces sweat is indicated by label. 7