Chapter 16 Muscular Nomenclature and Kinesiology - One Lessons 1-3 (with lesson 4) 1 Introduction 122 major muscles covered in this chapter Chapter divided into nine lessons Kinesiology study of human motion Most muscles attach to bony marking, but can also attach to Ligaments Membranes Fascia Tendinous structures 2 Introduction Muscle naming methods: Attachment sites or origin and insertion Action or function Number of origins Relative shape and size Location and direction of fibers Relative position Combinations of the above Introduction Learning approach: Phase I decode muscle names in each lesson and learn pronunciations Phase II learn general locations of muscles Phase III learn specific muscle locations using attachment sites Phase IV study muscle actions using a multisensory approach Phase V learn the muscle actions Phase VI apply knowledge and repetition 3 4 Muscles of Lesson One Muscles of Scapular Movement: Trapezius Trapezius Levator scapula Rhomboids major and minor Serratus anterior Pectoralis minor O: external occipital protuberance, superior nuchal lines, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7- T12 I: lateral one-third of the clavicle, acromion process, scapular spine 5 6 1
Muscles of Scapular Movement: Levator Scapulae Muscles of Scapular Movement: Rhomboids Major and Minor O: transverse processes of C1-C4 O: spinous processes of C7- T1 (minor) and T2-T5 (major) I: medial border of the scapula (superior angle to root of spine) I: medial border of the scapula, from root of scapular spine to inferior angle (major and minor) 7 8 Muscles of Scapular Movement: Serratus Anterior Muscles of Scapular Movement: Pectoralis Minor O: ribs 1-9 (lateral to costal cartilage) O: ribs 3-5 (lateral to costal cartilage) I: anterior medial border of scapula I: coracoid process of scapula 9 10 Muscles of Scapula and Shoulder Movement Muscles of Scapula and Shoulder Movement Attachment sites for muscles of scapula and shoulder Attachment sites for muscles of scapula and shoulder Anterior view Posterior view 11 12 2
Muscles of Lesson Two Latissimus Dorsi Latissimus dorsi Teres major Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis Deltoid Pectoralis major Coracobrachialis O: spinous processes of T7-L5, ribs 9-12 (posterior surface), posterior iliac crest, posterior sacrum I: intertubercular groove of humerus (middle lip) 13 14 Teres Major O: inferior third of the lateral border of the scapula Musculotendinous Cuff Supraspinatus Infraspinatus I: intertubercular groove of the humerus (medial region) Teres minor Subscapularis 15 16 Supraspinatus Infraspinatus O: supraspinatus fossa of the scapula I: greater tubercle of the humerus O: infraspinous fossa of the scapula I: greater tubercle of the humerus 17 18 3
Teres Minor Subscapularis O: superior half of the lateral border of the scapula O: subscapular fossa of the scapula I: greater tubercle of the humerus I: lesser tubercle of the humerus 19 20 Deltoid Pectoralis Major O: lateral third of the clavicle, acromion process, scapular spine O: medial half of clavicle, edge of sternal body, ribs 1-7 (costal cartilages) I: deltoid tuberosity I: intertubercular groove of humerus (lateral region) 21 22 Coracobrachialis Muscles of Lesson Three O: coracoid process of the scapula I: medial humeral shaft (middle region) Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis Triceps brachii Anconeus 23 24 4
Muscles of Elbow Movement: Biceps Brachii Muscles of Elbow Movement: Brachialis O: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head), coracoid process of scapula (short head) I: radial tuberosity O: distal anterior humeral shaft I: ulnar tuberosity; coronoid process of the ulna 25 26 Muscles of Elbow Movement: Brachioradialis Muscles of Elbow Movement: Triceps Brachii O: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus I: styloid process of radius O: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula (long head), posterior proximal humeral shaft (lateral head), posterior distal humeral shaft (medial head) I: olecranon process 27 28 Muscles of Elbow Movement: Anconeus Muscles of Lesson Four O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus I: olecranon process, superior eighth of ulnar shaft Pronator teres Pronator quadratus Supinator Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Palmaris longus Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor digitorum profundus Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris 29 30 5
Muscles of Lesson Four, cont. Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor indicis Extensor pollicis longus and brevis Flexor pollicis longus and brevis Opponens pollicis Abductor pollicis longus and brevis Flexor digiti minimi Abductor digiti minimi Opponens digiti minimi Pronator Teres O: medial epicondyle of the humerus, coronoid process of the ulna I: mid lateral radial shaft 31 32 Pronator Quadratus Supinator O: anterior distal quarter of the ulnar shaft O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus, proximal eighth of ulnar shaft, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament I: anterior distal quarter of the radial shaft I: proximal lateral radial shaft 33 34 Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris O: medial epicondyle of the humerus I: bases of metacarpals II and III O: medial epicondyle of the humerus, medial olecranon, posterior proximal two thirds of the ulna I: base of metacarpal V, pisiform, hamate 35 36 6
Palmaris Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis O: medial epicondyle of the humerus I: palmar aponeurosis O: medial epicondyle of the humerus, proximal radial shift (upper region), coronoid process of the ulna I: middle phalanges of fingers 2-5 37 38 Flexor Digitorum Profundus Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus & Brevis O: anterior proximal three-fourths of the ulnar shaft, interosseus membrane I: distal phalanges of fingers 2-5 O: lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus (longus), lateral epicondyle of the humerus (brevis) I: metacarpal II (longus), metacarpal III (brevis) 39 40 Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Digitorum O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus I: base of metacarpal V I: middle and distal digits 2-5 41 42 7
Extensor Digiti Minimi Extensor Indicis O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus O: distal ulnar shaft I: middle and distal digits of fifth finger I: middle and distal digits of index finger (second digit) 43 44 Extensor Pollicis Longus & Brevis Flexor Pollicis Longus & Brevis O: posterior ulnar shaft middle region (longus), posterior radial shaft distal region (brevis), interosseous membrane (brevis and longus) O: anterior radial shaft middle region (longus), interosseous membrane (longus), trapezium (brevis), transverse carpal ligaments (brevis) I: distal phalanx of the thumb (longus), proximal phalanx of the thumb (brevis) I: distal phalanx of the thumb (longus), proximal phalanx of the thumb (brevis) 45 46 Opponens Pollicis Abductor Pollicis Longus & Brevis O: trapezium, transverse carpal ligament I: metacarpal I O: posterior ulnar shaft middle region (longus), posterior radial shaft middle region (longus), trapezium, scaphoid and transverse carpal ligament (brevis) 47 I: metacarpal I (longus), proximal phalanx of thumb (brevis) 48 8
Flexor Digiti Minimi Abductor Digiti Minimi O: hamate, transverse carpal ligament O: pisiform, tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris I: proximal phalanx of the fifth finger I: proximal phalanx of the fifth finger 49 50 Opponens Digiti Minimi O: hamate, transverse carpal ligament I: metacarpal V Wrist, and Hand Thenar eminence: thumb pad on the anterior surface of the hand made of three muscles Hypothenar eminence: little finger pad on anterior surface of the hand made of three muscles Anatomical snuffbox: hollow on lateral aspect of wrist when thumb is extended formed by tendons of two muscles 51 52 Wrist, and Hand Wrist, and Hand Attachment sites for muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hand Attachment sites for muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hand Anterior view Posterior view 53 54 9
Summary Muscular nomenclature deals with names, locations, attachment points, actions, and nerve supply of individual skeletal muscles Muscles of appendicular skeleton and axial skeleton are divided into groups by body part For each muscle, analyze the name, list synonyms, and detail specific actions, origins, and insertions 55 10