Assessment date Duration Learning Objectives Success criteria Misconceptions and Barriers to learning Working Scientifically Skill development Compulsory Practical Investigations Autumn 1 1 To identify structures and functions of basic plant and animal cells To link structures and functions of basic plant and animal cells cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuole, mitochondria and chloroplasts Label correctly the parts of a cell on a cell diagram 4 Produce a table detailing the structure and function of plant and animal organelles 4 Construct a comparison table of the similarities and differences between a plant and animal cell 5 1 Use and handle a microscope with care and safely. What do we use microscopes for? Correctly label a microscope diagram detailing the function of the various components. Observe onion cells using a light microscope 3 Draw a section of onion tissue indicating the magnification underneath the diagram 4 Draw a section of cheek tissue indicating the magnification underneath the diagram to confidently use the prefixes centi, milli, micro and nano when referring to scale and size of cells 5 I can carry out calculations involving magnification, real size and image size using the formula: magnification = image size real size Compulsory Practical Prepare an onion and cheek slide under the microscope and calculate
Carry out calculations involving magnification, real size and image size using the formula: magnification = image size 5 real size the magnification, real size and image size. 1 Cells which do similar jobs that are nearly the same make tissues Organs are formed from different tissues Recognise that complex organisms are made of cells, tissues, organs and organ systems 3 Define the terms tissues, organs and organ systems 4 I understand the size and scale in relation to cells, tissues, organs and systems. 5 Explain the organisational structure in multicellular organisms 5 Evaluate the structure of multicellular organisms and single celled organisms 6 1 Identify major organs and state functions Identify the location of the main body organs to include the following: heart, lungs, brain, liver, small and large intestine, appendix 4 Produce a table on the names and functions of each of the major body organs 5 Students should be able to develop an understanding of size and scale in relation to cells, tissues, organs and systems.
1 Organisms are made of cells and that some are multicellular and some are unicellular How have cell types evolved? 1 What are specialised cells? Classify specialised cells as animal and plant cells Define the key terms unicellular and multicellular and recognise different types of unicellular organisms such as amoeba, Chlamydomonas 4 Research this and describe differences in unicellular organisms Vs multicellular organisms 4 Explain how single celled organisms are adapted to living in specific conditions 5 Compare and contrast features of unicellular organisms and multicellular organisms relate to MRS GREN 6 Name and label some specialised cells to include nerve, sperm, egg, white blood cell, red blood cell 4 Explain how the structure of different types of cell relate to their function in a tissue, an organ or organ system, or the whole organism e.g. a neurone in nervous tissue 5 Explain/evaluate plant cells Vs animal cells and that most plants retain the ability to differentiate throughout their life 5 Use of open ended task and SATS examination questions 1 The skeleton is for protection and support Identify and describe the functions of parts of the
movement and making blood cells 1 Substances move from the outside of a cell to the inside by the process of diffusion. What are the factors affecting diffusion? skeletal and muscular systems on a human skeleton 4 Discuss the structure and function of the skeletal system to include support, protection, movement and making blood cells in the bone marrow 5 To know that diffusion is the spreading of the particles of any substance in solution, or particles of a gas, resulting in a net movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration 5 Describe examples of substances that diffuse across exchange surfaces, to include: oxygen, carbon dioxide and urea 6 To identify the factors that affect the rate of diffusion 5 To calculate and compare surface area : volume ratios. 6/7 Explain how the small intestine and lungs in mammals, and the roots and leaves in plants, are adapted for exchanging materials 7 9 Diffusion is the spreading of the particles
Biomechanics the interaction between skeleton and muscles, including the measurement of force exerted by different muscle. Autumn 2 2 The components of a healthy human diet: carbohydrates, lipids (fats and oils), proteins, vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre and water, and why each is needed Identify the functions of muscles 4 Identify examples of antagonistic muscles and describe how they work 5 Compare the force exerted by different muscles 5 Describe the link between muscles and skeletons in relation to movement 5 Suggest how artificial parts of the skeletal and muscular systems may advantage an individual 6 What does a healthy diet contain? 4 Describe factors that affect the metabolic rate, e.g. the rate varies with the amount of activity you do and the proportion of muscle to fat in your body 6 Explain how carbohydrates, fats and proteins are used by the body to release energy and to build cells 5 Explain that a person loses mass when the energy content of the food taken in is less than the amount of energy expended by the body 5 Evaluate information about the effect of food on health 6/7.
1 Know the simple food tests for the different food groups 1 The consequences of imbalances in the diet, including obesity, starvation and deficiency diseases Analyse and evaluate claims made by slimming programmes and products 7 9 Perform tests on foods for starch, sugars, proteins and fat Predict the results for food tests for a range of foods Evaluate the risks involved in carrying out food tests 6/7 Describe what obesity is and that is causes certain health issue e.g. arthritis 5 Describe what cholesterol, LDL and HDL s are 5 Explain that the liver makes cholesterol and therefore cholesterol levels can be inherited 6 Compulsory practical: Perform tests on foods for starch, sugars, proteins and fat 1 The tissues and organs of the human digestive system, including the adaptations to function and how the digestive system To understand that cells release energy from food in respiration (equation not required at this stage) Students should be able to identify the position of the following on a diagram of the digestive system: salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum, small intestine, large intestine and anus 5 Analyse a model of the digestive system 1 Students should be able to relate Students should be able to relate Compulsory practical:
knowledge of enzymes to the digestive system The importance of bacteria in the human digestive system 2 The structure and functions of the gas exchange systems in humans, including adaptations to functions knowledge of enzymes to the digestive system 5 Describe the role of enzymes in digestion, to includethe sites of production and the action of amylase, proteases and lipases. 5 I know that carbohydrases break down carbohydrates such as starch into simple sugars. Amylase is an example of a carbohydrase 5 I know proteases break down proteins into amino acids 5 Lipases break down fats and oils into fatty acids and glycerol. 5 Describe the role of bacteria in our digestive system 5 Explain how the natural flora of bacteria can be disturbed 5 Analyse data about the effects of antibiotics on the gut bacteria 6 Label a diagram of the breathing system. Explain the role each structure has in the function of the lungs 5 Investigate the effect of a factor on the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction. Students should also be able toexplain enzyme action using the collision theory. Students should be able to understand simple word equationsbut no chemical symbol equationsare required. I can describe the mechanism of breathing in and out
Calculate mean, median, mode and range of lung volumes. Interpret spirometer traces. Evaluate the development and use of artificial aids for breathing, including the use of artificial ventilators. Calculate mean, median, mode and range of lung volumes. Lung Dissection Consult H and S, SMSC links check with HOD re. Year group 2 The mechanism of breathing to move air in and out of the lungs, using a pressure model to explain the movement of gases, including simple measurements of lung volume Label a thorax, identify that the thorax is everything from the diaphragm up. 4 Describe how air moves in and out of the lungs 5 Explain the changes that occur to bring about ventilation of the lungs in terms of relaxation and contraction of muscles, movement of the ribcage and diaphragm, changes in volume and pressure in the thorax 6 Interpret and evaluate data linked to lung volume 7 9 Evaluate the development and use of artificial aids for breathing, including the use of artificial ventilators 8/9 I can explain how ventilation occurs with reference to pressure changes and measuring lung volume Numeracy development. Graph skills of volumes of lungs. Calculate mean, mode and median values.
Spring 1 2 Aerobic and anaerobic respiration in living organism, including the breakdown of organic molecules to enable all the other chemical processes necessary for life A word equation for aerobic respiration Write equations and explain the conversion between glucose and glycogen in liver and muscle cells. 5 Describe effects of exercise on heart rate and breathing rate and how could we measure it? 5 Explain the advantages to the body of the breathing rate and heart rate being much higher when running than walking to include such changes as an increase blood flow to muscles and so increase the supply of sugar and oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide 6 8 Explain the advantage of muscles storing glucose as glycogen, which can be converted back to glucose for use during exercise. 6 8 Numeracy development Interpret data relating to the composition of inhaled and exhaled air and display as pie charts or bar charts. Compulsory practical - Design an investigation to find out the effect of exercise on heart and breathing rates, this should include an ISA planning sheet. Graphically represent results. Effect of caffeine on heart rate investigation Numeracy development Interpret line graphs and spirometer tracings to compare rate of breathing before, during and after
exercise. Interpret data relating to the effects of exercise on the body, eg spirometer tracings 1 The process of anaerobic respiration in human and micro organisms, including fermentation, and a word equation for anaerobic respiration The differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of the reactants, the products formed and the implications for the organism Produce a comparison table between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in human muscle cells and a yeast cell in terms of reactants and products 5 State the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animal cells 4 Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration in human muscle cells and yeast cells. 5 Explain the effect of lactic acid build up on muscle activity 5 Explain why anaerobic respiration is less efficient than aerobic respiration. 5 Explain what is meant by an oxygen debt and how this is repaid. 6/7
Explain that muscles can become fatigued and stop contracting efficiently; lactic acid can build up which is removed by the blood 7 9 1 The impact of exercise, asthma and smoking on the human gas exchange system Describe the physical effects of disease and lifestyle to the breathing system Explain the physical effects of exercise, asthma and smoking on the breathing system Evaluate how our understanding about the effects of smoking has changed over time 6/7 Numeracy development data handling relating to drugs and drawing conclusions 2 The effects of recreational drugs (including substance misuse) on behaviour health and life processes Respect the body and consider the benefits and costs of using recreational drugs Define the term drug 4 Name some recreational drugs 4 Describe some of the effects of caffeine on the human body 5 Describe the impact of smoking on health 5 Explain the importance of clinical drug trials 5 Explain the terms placebo and double blind in terms of clinical trials 5 Describe and evaluate the effect of statins in cardiovascular disease 6 9 Evaluate the use of drugs for recreation and the Numeracy development: Interpret data on cannabis use and progression to hard drugs 7 9
2 Photosynthesis equation Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll in chloroplasts and used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, oxygen is a by product. Glucose may be converted into starch for storage. Explain why plants should be de starched before photosynthesis experiments and describe how this is done. Be able to describe leaf structure in terms of photosynthesis. Be able to explain the results from possible links to hard drugs like heroin 6 9 Evaluate the impact of alcohol on health 6 9. Evaluate why some people use illegal drugs for recreation 6 9 Evaluate claims made about the effect of prescribed and non prescribed drugs on health. 6 9 Identify the leaf as the site of photosynthesis 4 Write the word equation for photosynthesis 5 Explain the steps involved in testing a leaf for starch to include dependent, independent, control variables and risk assessment 6 8 Explain the word equation for photosynthesis 6 QWC development on Evaluating variegated Vs unvariegated leaves 4 9 I can state that plants make carbohydrates in their leaves by photosynthesis and gain mineral nutrients and water from the soil via their roots Compulsory Practical - Explain the steps involved in testing a leaf for starch. Evaluating variegated Vs unvariegated leaves (noncompulsory) Numeracy and data handling development: graphical interpretation of limiting factors
photosynthesis experiments. Describe experiments to show that plants produce oxygen in the light. Explain why glucose is converted to starch for storage. 1 The adaptations of leaves for photosynthesis The role of the stomata in gas exchange in plants 1 All living things reproduce There are two kinds of reproduction sexual and asexual Sexual reproduction only needs one individual Identify specialised plant cells 4 Identify how parts of the plant are adapted for photosynthesis, for example, roots with roots hairs 5 Explain how root hair cells and leaf cells and adapted to suit their function 6 Interpret data showing how factors affect the rate of photosynthesis. Interpret line graphs to compare the rate of photosynthesis under different conditions 7 9 Evaluate the benefits of artificially manipulating the environment in which plants are grown 8/9 Label and describe the structure and function of the male and female reproductive system 5 Describe the structure and function of the female reproductive system linked to yield and productivity. Interpret data showing how factors affect the rate of photosynthesis. Interpret line graphs to compare the rate of photosynthesis under different conditions 7 9
Sexual reproduction needs a male and a female How are sex cells produced and how they join together during fertilisation? How are the human egg cells produced in the menstrual cycle? How is the human sperm produced? Explain the process of fertilisation Explain problems of infertility such as PCOS and PID and how they may be treated, link to ovulation and hormones use of QWC development 5 9 Produce a comparative table to show the strengths and weaknesses of the human and plant male reproductive systems 6/7 1 Humans go through a process called puberty in which the production of sex cells is switched on. Produce a table to summarise the main changes in male and female bodies during puberty 5 Describe the stages of the menstrual cycle 5 Explain that hormones can be used to control fertility and the menstrual cycle 5 Explain the role of FSH, LH and oestrogen in the menstrual cycle 7 9 Evaluate the benefits and problems of using hormones to control fertility. 6 9 1 Recognise the process of growth Use data to show how the embryo grows during gestation to include graph construction and a justification of why you chose that particular graph 5 Compare and contrast the pregnant uterus with Numeracy development graphical interpretation of hormonal changes; temperature and glucose changes investigations idea of qualitative v quantitative data in science 6 9 Use data to show how the embryo grows during gestation 5
the non pregnant uterus 5 Describe the effects of different factors on a developing foetus link to nutrition, brain size, placental problems 6 Evaluate the strength of data in such research 6 9 2 All living things reproduce Label the structure and function of the parts in flowering plants 5 Describe the process of pollination and to include fertilisation, gametes, pollen tube growth? Produce a comparative table to evaluate the differences between wind pollinated and insect pollinated plants. 7 9 Explain factors that affect the growth of pollen tubes 6 Compulsory Practical develop HSW skills in an ISA styleinvestigation to observe which factors affect seed dispersal Rich Q: Why when somebody eats an apple and plants the seeds does the newly grown apple not taste the same as the original apple. 1 The use of insects in crop pollination Describe the role of insects in crop production, using suitable data 5 Explain why bee populations are declining relate Numeracy development graph interpretation and evaluation of
to the following: pesticides, habitat destruction, and global warming 5/6 Make suggestions for increasing insect populations, and hence crop population. 6 bias/reliable/valid sources of data linking to global warming