NEW TRIAL PERFORMANCE ON COLOR CHICKENS AND GUT HEALTH SITUATION Nguyen Quang Thieu*, Thikhamporn Charoenwai**, Carsten Pedersen** *Nong Lam University, Hochiminh City, Vietnam. **Hamlet Protein A/S nguyen.quangthieu@hcmuaf.edu.vn 1
Introduction Color feather chickens are popular in Vietnam, Luong Phuong breed Color feather chickens account for 72% Feather: yellow, black spot, different color Yellow skin, good quality meat At 70 days old, 1.5-1.6 kg LW, FCR: 2.4 2.6 Year Poultry Chicken Broiler White feather Color feather 2013 314.7 231,763 179.802 52,034 127,768 2014 327,6 246,028 191,046 52,102 138,944 2015 341,9 259,295 199,528 59,766 139,762 2016 361,7 277,189 213,851 59,820 154,031 2
Introduction Today, chicks grow at an incredible rate in the first week after hatching even for color feather chickens During this time, the chick s weight increases four times Need for lots of nutrients to secure this growth. However, due to the undeveloped digestive tract, the capacity to absorb nutrients is impaired 3
Introduction Chicks tend to draw on the immunoglobulins and unsaturated fatty acids in the yolk sack for energy rather than for development and immunity Another factor, such as anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) in the soybean meal, affects gut development and results to the growth performance, and increases the risk of pathogenic bacteria This causes poor health and lower performance of chicks 4
Introduction To overcome this problem, a special feed with more digestible ingredients lowest possible level of ANFs is essential Enzymatically treated soy (HPA) is a product of the co-processing of soy and yeast, very low in ANFs Hypothesis is, that feeding chicks with lowest possible ANFs diets will improve nutrient uptake in the first day and improve the gut health and enhance the overall performance of chickens 5
Materials and methods Trial was conducted at experimental station of Nong Lam University, Hochiminh City, Vietnam Time: April June, 2016 Chicken: Luong Phuong breed, 500 heads, mixed sex 5 treatments 10 replicates per treatment 10 birds per replicate Trial time: 60 days Two period Period 1: 1 28 days Period 2: 29 60 days 6
Trial design CON diets: contained without fish meal either enzymatically treated soy. HPA2.5, HPA5, HPA7.5 diets contained 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5% of Enzymatically treated soy, respectively and without fish meal. FM5 diet contained 5% fish meal. Crumble feed for starter (P1) and pelleting feed for grower (P2). CRD design 7
Feed composition (%) INGREDIENTS P1 P2 CON HPA2.5 HPA5 HPA7.5 FM5 Corn 55.34 56.38 57.43 58.43 59.64 57.03 Rice bran 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 6.40 5.00 Soybean oil 4.05 3.68 3.31 2.94 2.01 4.57 SBM 46 31.23 28.21 25.19 22.18 23.77 29.30 Fish meal 60 0 0 0 0 5.00 0 Amino acid 0.79 0.64 0.5 0.39 0.67 0.48 Additives 3.35 3.33 3.33 3.32 2.26 3.37 Premix Vit-Min. 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 HPA 0 2.5 5 7.5 0 0 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 8
Nutrient composition NUTRIENT UNIT CON HPA2.5 HPA5 HPA7.5 FM5 P2 Dry Matter % 88.7 88.7 88.7 88.8 88.5 88.7 ME Kcal/kg 3050 3050 3050 3050 3050 3100 Crude protein % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 19.0 Crude Fat % 7.36 7.04 6.72 6.41 6.00 7.90 Crude Fiber % 2.70 2.70 2.71 2.72 2.67 2.67 Calcium % 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 Avail Phosphor % 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 Lysine % 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.10 Methionine % 0.70 0.68 0.67 0.65 0.71 0.56 Met + Cys % 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.85 Threonine % 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.88 0.85 0.80 Tryptophan % 0.25 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.24 0.24 Arginine % 1.35 1.42 1.49 1.56 1.24 1.28 Iso-Leucine % 0.88 0.94 0.99 1.05 0.91 0.85 Leucine % 1.84 1.93 2.02 2.11 1.90 1.79 Valine % 0.97 1.03 1.09 1.15 1.02 0.94 9
Measurement Live weigh (LW), average daily gain (ADG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), intestinal villus height and crypt depth, mortality ratios were measured. Carcass evaluation on dressing percentage and cut up part of yield as percentage were evaluated at 60 day of age. Villus height and crypt depth: intestinal samples were collected at 28 days old and at 60 days old. Intestinal samples (2 cm each) were collected from Meckel s diverticulum to ileum. Chicks were fed ad libitum daily at 08:00 am and 16:00 pm, and feed residue was record at 7:00 am next day. Drinking water was offered ad libitum during experiment. 10
Results and discussion Table 1: Effects of enzymatically treated soy on performance of color chickens (g) Item CON HPA2.5 HPA5 HPA7.5 FM5 P Weight (1 day) 39.9 39.7 39.9 40.1 39.2 >0.05 Weight (28 days) 654.11 649.4 654.0 649.8 628.0 >0.05 Weight (60 days) 1666.6 1655.3 1729.8 1686.2 1640.7 >0.05 11
g/head/day ADG of chickens 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 33,62 31,64 31,43 32,39 31,65 27,12 26,93 28,17 27,44 26,69 21,94 21,78 21,93 21,78 21,03 CON HPA2.5 HPA5 HPA7.5 FM5 ADG P1* ADG P2** ADG (overall) 12
Feed Intake Table 2: Effects of enzymatically treated soy on feed intake (g/head/day) Item CON HPA2.5 HPA5 HPA7.5 FM5 P FI P1* 35.52 36.00 36.21 35.46 34.46 >0.05 FI P2** 88.40 84.89 84.53 84.16 85.12 >0.05 FI (overall) 62.07 60.00 61.35 60.17 60.23 >0.05 13
Feed conversion ratio 3 2,5 2 1,5 2,8 2,7 2,74 2,52 2,6 2,29 2,23 2,18 2,19 2,27 1,62 1,66 1,65 1,63 1,64 1 0,5 0 CON HPA2.5 HPA5 HPA7.5 FM5 FCR P1 FCR P2 FCR (overall) 14
µm Effects of enzymatically treated soy to villus height and crypt depth of chickens 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 191,8 180,1 183,3 167,3 139 136,2 139 117 122,8 130,6 137 136,5 124,4 103,8 99,8 95,6 101 190,3 CON HPA2.5 HPA5 HPA7.5 FM5 151,6 110,4 Villus height P1 Villus height P2 Crypt depth P1 Crypt depth P2 15
Ratio of villus height to crypt depth 1,6 1,4 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 1,38 1,41 1,32 1,34 1,21 1,23 1,23 1,13 1,281,26 CON HPA2.5 HPA5 HPA7.5 FM5 He/De P1 He/De P2 16
% Survival rate 120 100 80 99 93 97 95 88 95 99 100 95 96 60 40 20 0 CON HPA2.5 HPA5 HPA7.5 FM5 1 day 28 days 60 days 17
Table: Carcass yield and meat part yield of color chickens fed enzymatically treated soy Item CON HPA2.5 HPA5 HPA7.5 FM5 P N (head) 10 10 10 10 10 Live weight (g) 1,756 1,725 1,721 1,839 1,821 >0.05 Carcass (g) 1,231 1,243 1,215 1,273 1,286 >0.05 Legs (g) 409.5 414.0 407.0 419.5 439.1 >0.05 Breast (g) 356.7 346.0 337.0 350.5 344.5 >0.05 Digest tract (g) 336 309 310 306 340 >0.05 Carcass rate (%) 68.92 72.37 70.51 69.32 70.55 >0.05 Leg rate (%) 23.28 23.96 23.53 22.82 24.09 >0.05 Breast rate (%) 20.39 20.16 19.56 19.17 19.04 >0.05 Digest tract rate (%) 19.21 17.77 18.16 16.77 18.72 >0.05 18
Discussion The final weight, ADG and FCR of chickens fed 5% and 7.5% of enzymatically treated soy in the diets tend to be better, especially when compared to the CON treatment. Ruitz et al. (2004) found trypsin inhibitors (TI) and urea activity (UA) are significantly correlated to body weight and feed conversion ratio. Feng et al. (2007) reported an increase in the activities of trypsin, lipase and protease in intestinal content of starter broilers when diet content of ANFs was low. 19
Discussion Feng et al. (2007) observed the increasing villus height and decrease crypt depth of jejunum and duodenum mucosa when replaced soybean meal by low ANFs soybean meal Iji et al. (2013) found improving ileal digestibility of protein, gross energy and dry matter and increasing villus height and villus/crypt rate when increased from 2.5%, 5% and 10% of enzymatically treated soy in the diets of broilers The present study found the inclusion of enzymatically treated soy to diets of color feather chickens showed good results in villus height and crypt depth of the intestine Feeding a low ANFs diet to chicks increases villus height, improves digestibility, and enhances overall performance of chickens 20
Conclusion Inclusion of enzymatically treated soy to starter diets of color feather chickens improved BWG, ADG, FCR and villus/crypt rate, especially at 5%. Feeding of enzymatically treated soy in starter diets to color feather chickens should be considered by poultry producers. 21
Thank you for your attention 22