Index. J Jaagsiekte. See Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) JC virus,

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1 A Acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM), 74 Acute-phase diffuse alveolar damage, 112, 113 Acute viral respiratory tract infections, 6 Adenoviridae, 16, 35 Adenovirus (AdV) adenoviral bronchiolitis with ulcerative changes, 38 classification, 35 congenital immunodeficiency syndromes, 38 differential diagnosis, 39 epidemiology, 35 gastrointestinal disease, 37 genitourinary tract disease, 37 hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, 37 HIV/AIDS patients, 37 infantile respiratory tract infections, 151 life cycle, 36 molecular techniques, 39 necrotizing hemorrhagic pneumonia, 38 ocular disease, 37 pathogenesis, 36 PCR, 39 prevention, 39 recombinant adenovirus, 35 respiratory tract disease, 36 smudge cell, 38, 39 solid organ transplant recipients, 37 treatment and outcome, types, 36 ultrastructure, 35 vaccines, 40 Alphaherpesvirinae, 178 Aplastic crisis, 135 Apple sickness. See Parvovirus (PV) Arenaviridae, 16 Arenaviruses, 16, 124 Avian influenza virus. See also Influenza virus (InfV) clinical manifestation, 217 hemorrhages in atrial spaces/atrial walls, 217, 221 in parabronchi, 217, 220 B Betaherpesvirinae, 178 Bioterrorism, viral agents of, 7 BK virus, 198, 200 Black measles. See Hemorrhagic measles Bocavirus (BoV), infantile respiratory tract infections, 153 Bunyaviridae, 16, 18 Bunyaviruses, 16, 18, 125 Burkitt lymphoma (BL), HIV, 164, 166 Butterfly pox. See Parvovirus (PV) C Chicken pox. See Varicella zoster virus (VZV) Congenital immunodeficiency syndromes, AdV infections, 38 Coronaviridae, 18, 109 Coronavirus (CoV) FIP (see Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)) infantile respiratory tract infections, SARS-CoV (see Severe acute respiratory syndromerelated coronavirus (SARS-CoV)) virion structure, 3, 4 Cytokines, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) blueberry muffin baby, 44 classification, 43 clinical features, 44 differential diagnosis, 47 epidemiology, 43 infantile respiratory tract infections, 154 intracellular viral antigens detection, 47 laboratory diagnosis, 46 pathologic changes gross findings, 44 microscopic findings, PCR, 47 pneumonia, 3, 5 prevention, pulmonary (see Pulmonary cytomegaloviruses) radiologic features, 44 treatment and outcome, 48 ultrastructure and immunology, 44 vaccines, 48 A.E. Fraire et al. (eds.), Viruses and the Lung, DOI / , Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

2 238 D David Baltimore classification, of viruses, 14 Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), HIV, Distemper virus dolphin lungs, raccoon s lung interstitial pneumonia, 224 multinucleated giant cells, 224, 225 E EBV. See Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) classification, 191 clinical features, 192 immunology, infections, 191 lymphomatoid granulomatosis atypical lymphoid cells and necrosis, 194 clinical features, description, 193 pathology, in situ expression, of EBV RNA, 194, 195 treatment and outcome, 195 lytic gene products, 192 pneumonitis, 192 ultrastructure, 191 Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), Equine herpesvirus 5 (EHV-5), Erythema infectiosum. See Parvovirus (PV) F Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), Fifth disease. See Parvovirus (PV) Filoviridae, 18 Filoviruses, 18, 124, 125, 127 Flaviviridae, 19 Flaviviruses, 19, 125 Flu. See Influenza virus (InfV) Fosecarnet, for herpesvirus, 56 G Gammaherpesvirinae, 178 Ganciclovir, for CMV, 48 Gastrointestinal disease, AdV infections, 37 Genitourinary tract disease, AdV infections, 37 Giant cell pneumonia, 3, 5 H Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, 123, 128. See also Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF) alveolar damage, 127 characterization of, 126 and Lassa fever, 127 pathogenesis of, 125 HCV. See Hepatitis C virus (HCV) Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, AdV infections, 37 Hemorrhagic fever (HF) syndromes, Hemorrhagic measles, 74 Hendra virus, in horses, Henipah viruses clinical features, 118 differential diagnosis, Eidolon helvum, 118 ELISA, 120 epidemiology of, 117 histopathologic findings, 118 immunology, 118 isolation of, 117 multinucleated giant cells, treatment and outcome, 121 ultrastructure, 118 vaccines, 121 Hepadnaviridae, 20 Hepatitis C virus (HCV), 19 Herpes simplex virus (HSV), 21 infantile respiratory tract infections, 154, 155 Herpesviridae, cytomegalovirus, 21, 43 description, 213 EBV, 21, 191 equine herpesvirus 1, equine herpesvirus 5, herpes simplex viruses, 21 HHV-6 and HHV-7, KSHV, 22 varicella zoster virus, 61 VZV, 22 Herpesvirus classification, 51 clinical features, 52 differential diagnosis, herpetic inclusion, in squamous respiratory epithelium, 53, 54 human herpesvirus-6, 56 human herpesvirus-8, 56 immunology latency-associated transcripts, 52 nuclear replicating, paraffin-embedded tissue examination, 55 pathological changes, PCR, 53 primary effusion lymphoma molecular features, 58 neoplastic cells, 57, 58 treatment, 56 ultrastructure, 51, 52 Herpesvirus-4. See Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) Herpes zoster. See Varicella zoster virus (VZV) HHV-8. See Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) human immunodeficiency virus, 161 Kaposi s sarcoma,

3 HIV. See Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) H1N1 influenza. See also Influenza virus (InfV) diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, 80, 81 risk factors, 80 Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), 56 Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), 56 biology of, classification of, 178 electron-dense nucleocapsid, 178 epidemiology of, genetic subtypes, 178 inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, 185 interstitial pneumonias, Kaposi s sarcoma, multicentric Castleman disease, multiple myeloma, multiple sclerosis and congestive heart failure, 186 pemphigus vulgaris, 186 primary effusion lymphoma, pulmonary arterial hypertension, 185 sarcoidosis, transmission of, 179 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 28 CD4+ helper T cells, 161 HAART, 161 Kaposi sarcoma, lung cancer, lymphoproliferative disorders Burkitt lymphoma, 164, 166 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, 163, 164 nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, 164 primary effusion lymphoma, , 169 progression rate of, 161 transmission of, 161 Human metapneumovirus (hmpv) bronchoalveolar lavage in children, 103 classification, 101 clinical features, 102 cytoplasmic inclusions, 103 differential diagnosis, 104 epidemiology, 101 immunohistochemistry, 103 infantile respiratory tract infections, pathological changes, phylogenetic analyses, 102 prevention, 104 RT-PCR, of nasopharyngeal aspirates, 104 surface glycoproteins, 102 treatment and outcomes, 104 ultrastructure, 102 vaccines, Human papillomavirus (HPV) acquirement of, 172 epithelial cells, 171 lung cancer diagnostic tools, 173 morphologic and immunohistochemical evidence of, 173 non-small cell type, 172 p16 expression, 173 prevalence of, prognosis, 174 open reading frames, 171 oropharyngeal cancer, 172 recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, 171 schematic representation of, 171, 172 Human parainfluenza virus (HPIV). See Parainfluenza virus (PIV) Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1, 28 I ICTV. See International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) autoimmune etiology, 206 characterization of, 206 Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis C virus, Inclusion bodies, 3 Infantile respiratory viruses adenovirus, 151 bocavirus, 153 characteristics, 144 complications, coronavirus, cytomegalovirus, 154 epidemiology, 145 Herpes simplex virus pneumonia, 154, 155 influenza virus, lower respiratory tract infections, 143 advantages and disadvantages, of diagnostic methods, 146, 147 clinical signs and symptoms, 145 enzyme-linked immunoassay, 146 histopathologic features, nasopharyngeal aspirate, 146 PCR, 146 transmission of, 145 viral bronchiolitis, 145, 146 measles virus, 154 metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus, 151, 152 postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, postinfectious reactive airway disease/asthma, relative incidence, and age, 144 respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, risk factors, 145 Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT), 185 Influenza virus (InfV) adrenocorticotropic hormone inhibition, 82 antiviral medications, 83 classification, 79 clinical features, 82 complication,

4 240 Influenza virus (InfV) (cont.) differential diagnosis, 83 epidemiology antigenic shift, 79 H1N1 influenza, 80, 81 neuraminidase and hemagglutinin expression, 79, 80 H5N1 strains, 82 infantile respiratory tract infections, pathological changes, treatment, 83 ultrastructure, vaccines, 85 Interferon, antiviral action of, 11 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), 14 susceptible host range, 15 virus structure, 15 Interstitial pneumonias, HHV-8, J Jaagsiekte. See Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) JC virus, K Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) characterization of, 179 clinical pulmonary manifestations, 180 highly active antiretroviral therapy, human immunodeficiency virus histopathologic differential diagnosis, KSHV, 162 neoplastic cells, 162, 165 spindle cells, in lungs, prevention, 181 skin, patch/nodular stage lesions, 179, 180 Kaposi s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). See Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) Koplik s spots, 73 L Langerhans cell histiocytosis, 209 Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), 6, 143 advantages and disadvantages, of diagnostic methods, 146, 147 clinical signs and symptoms, 145 enzyme-linked immunoassay, 146 histopathologic features, nasopharyngeal aspirate, 146 PCR, 146 transmission of, 145 viral bronchiolitis, 145, 146 Lung cancer human immunodeficiency virus, 167 cigarette smoking, 168 non-small cell lung carcinomas, 169 primary lung cancers, small cell carcinomas, 169 human papillomavirus diagnostic tools, 173 morphologic and immunohistochemical evidence of, 173 non-small cell type, 172 p16 expression, 173 prevalence of, prognosis, 174 Lung defenses adaptive immunity, 9 10 antiviral action, of interferon, 11 cough and mucociliary clearance, 9 cytokines, innate immunity, 9 lysozyme and lactoferrin, 9 T and B cells, 10 Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP), 163, 164 Lymphomatoid granulomatosis atypical lymphoid cells and necrosis, 194 clinical features, description, 193 pathology, in situ expression, of EBV RNA, 194, 195 treatment and outcome, 195 Lytic gene products, 192 M Maedi-visna virus, 229 Malignant mesothelioma, in humans, Measles giant cell pneumonia, 3, 4 Measles inclusion body encephalitis (MIBE), 74 Measles virus antibiotics, 77 classification, 71 clinical features complications, Koplik s spots, 73 delayed-type hypersensitivity, 73 differential diagnosis, epidemiology, immunoglobulin M test, 76 infantile respiratory tract infections, 154 in monkey species, outbreaks, 71 pathogenesis, pathologic features, reproductive number, RT-PCR, 76 ultrastructure, 72 vaccines, vitamin A treatment, 77 Multicentric Castleman disease (MCD), HHV-8, Multiple myeloma, HHV-8, Murine parainfluenza virus. See Sendai virus

5 N Nakatani virus. See Parvovirus (PV) Nasopharyngeal aspirates human metapneumovirus, 104 lower respiratory tract infections, 146 Nipah virus (NiV). See also Henipah viruses diagnosis of, in pigs, Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH), 164 O Ocular disease, AdV infections, 37 Orthomyxoviridae, Ovine progressive pneumonia, in sheeps, Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) causal agent of, 228 clinical manifestations, 229 etiology, 229 histological examination, 229, 230 lamellated membrane structures, 229, 230 P Papillomaviridae, Papillomaviruses (PVs), See also Human papillomavirus (HPV) Parainfluenza virus (PIV) classification, 87 clinical features, 88 differential diagnosis, epidemiology, 87 immunology, 88 infantile respiratory tract infections, 144, 151, 152 isolation in tissue culture, 90 lung biopsy, pathologic changes, PCR, 90 prevention, 91 treatment and outcome, 91 ultrastructure, vaccines, 91 Paramyxoviridae henipah viruses, 117 measles virus, 71 Nipah virus (see Nipah virus (NiV)) parainfluenza virus, 87 paramyxoviruses, 24 Parvoviridae parvovirus, 134 parvoviruses, 26 Parvovirus (PV) classification, 134 clinical features, description, 133 differential diagnosis, epidemiology, 134 erythema infectiosum, 133 erythroid progenitor cells, immunohistochemical stain, 136, 137 immunology, 134 in lungs, pathologic changes, PCR, 137 prevention, 138 treatment and outcome, 138 ultrastructure, 134 vaccination, 138 Picornaviridae, Pneumovirinae henipahviruses, human metapneumovirus, 25 human respiratory syncytial viruses, 25 measles virus, 25 parainfluenza viruses, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) adenovirus, 39 cytomegalovirus, 47 herpesvirus, 53 HHV-8, 177 infantile respiratory viral illnesses, 144 lower respiratory tract infections, 146 parainfluenza virus, 90 parvovirus, 137 parvovirus (PV), 137 SV40, 199, 200 varicella zoster virus, 65 Polyomaviridae polyomaviruses, 27 SV40, Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), 62, 63 Postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, Postinfectious reactive airway disease/asthma, Poxviridae, 213 Poxviruses infections in squirrels, 213, 214 intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, 213, 215 type II pneumocytes, 213, 215 Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) herpesvirus molecular features, 58 neoplastic cells, 57, 58 Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), , 169 Pseudolymphoma. See Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) case study, characterization of, 206 feature of, 206 ultrastructure of, 206, 208 Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), HHV-8, 185 Pulmonary cytomegaloviruses alveolar walls, diffuse thickening of, 216, 218 infected rhesus monkey, 216, 219, 220 pneumocytes and giant cells, 216, 219 Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH), 209

6 242 R Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) antigenic subgroups, 96 asthma-like signs, 96 classification, 95 clinical features, 96 differential diagnosis, 98 direct immunofluorescence, 98 enzyme-linked immunoassay, 97, 98 epidemiology, 95 immunology, 96 incubation period, 96 infantile respiratory tract infections, isolation in cell culture media, 97 pneumonia, prevention, 98 treatment and outcome, 98 ultrastructure, 95 vaccines, virion ultrastructural analysis, 98 Respiratory tract disease, adenovirus, 36 Retroviridae retroviruses, SIV (see Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), in animals) Rhinovirus (RhV), infantile respiratory tract infections, Ribavirin, 129 NiV-infected patients, 121 Rubeola virus. See Measles virus S Sarcoidosis description, 206 HHV-8, Sendai virus, , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) classification, clinical features, 112 diagnosis, 113 differential diagnosis, epidemiology, 110 immunology, interferon role, pathologic changes, prevention, 114 treatment and outcome, 114 ultrastructure, vaccines, 114 Shell vial culture, for CMV, 48 Shingles. See Varicella zoster virus (VZV) Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), in animals, 230 in advanced stages, 231, 234, 235 alveolar septa infiltration, 231, 233 bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue, perivascular infiltration, 231, 232 syncytial multinucleated giant cells, 231, 233 Simian virus 40 (SV40) CNS tumors, 199 discovery of, DNA-positive tumors, 199 malignant mesothelioma, in humans, pleural mesothelioma, 201 polymerase chain reaction, 199, 200 Sinus histiocytosis, with massive lymphadenopathy, 209 Slapped cheek syndrome. See Parvovirus (PV) Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, AdV infections, 37 Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), 74 SV40. See Simian virus 40 (SV40) Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 205 Systemic taxonomy, goals of, 13 T Taxonomy definition, 13 ICTV, 14 susceptible host range, 15 virus structure, 15 systemic taxonomy, goals of, 13 V Vaccines adenovirus, 40 cytomegalovirus, 48 henipah viruses, 121 human metapneumovirus, influenza virus, 85 measles virus, parainfluenza virus, 91 parvovirus, 138 respiratory syncytial virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome, 114 varicella zoster virus, viral hemorrhagic fevers, Varicella zoster virus (VZV) classification, 61 clinical features complications, 63 incubation period, reactivation of, 63 transmission, 62 differential diagnosis, 65 epidemiology, histopathologic changes, 64 immunology, 62 laboratory confirmation, 65 PCR, 65 prevention, 66 pruritic vesicular rash, 64 serologic tests, 65 treatment and outcome, 66 ultrastructure, 62 vaccines, virologic tests, 65

7 243 Varivax vaccine, for VZV, 66 Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF) characterization of, 123 clinical features, definition, 125 differential diagnosis of, 129 ELISA, 129 epidemiology, and etiologic agents, 123, 124 immune responses, protective/pathogenic, 125 incubation periods, 126 molecular diagnostic methods, myocardial dysfunction, 127 pleural effusions, 126 prevention, 129 pulmonary histopathology, 126, 127 treatment and outcome, 129 ultrastructure, vaccines, yellow fever, 127, 128 Viral pulmonary disorders, in animals, 213, 214 avian influenza virus, 217, 220, 221 coronavirus, cytomegaloviruses, 216, distemper virus, Hendra virus, Herpesviridae (see Herpesviridae) measles virus, Nipah virus, ovine progressive pneumonia, ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma, poxviruses infections in squirrels, 213, 214 intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, 213, 215 type II pneumocytes, 213, 215 Sendai virus, , Simian immunodeficiency virus, Viruses associated with human infections, 16, 17 David Baltimore classification, 14 genomes, 15 nucleic acid sequence analysis, Z Zostavax vaccine, for VZV, 67