Skin. Mucin-containing mucous membranes. Desmosome (attaches keratincontaining

Transcription

1 Immunity 1

2 Fig

3 Skin Mucin-containing mucous membranes Desmosome (attaches keratincontaining skin cells together)

4 illu_conducting_passages.jpg 4

5 Goblet cells and ciliated pseudostratified epithelial cells 5

6 β interferon secreted by the virus-infected cell attracts Natural killer (NK) cells, which produce γ interferon, which attracts macrophages 6

7 7

8 Natural killer (NK) cell causes apoptosis 8

9 Origin of leukocytes Fig

10 Neutrophils 4/Labs/Lab6/IMAGES/MONOCYTE%20IN%20SM EAR.JPG sinophil3.jpg Monocyte Eosinophil 10

11 11

12 12

13 Macrophages: wandering (below with SEM) and resident (above right with LM) iculum/vm8054/labs/lab5/image S/MACROPHAGE%20IN%20SITU %20copy.JPG 13

14 Fig

15 Macrophages and Toll-like receptors (TLR) Fig

16 Fig Macrophages and phagocytosis via pseudopodia and nitric oxide/lysozyme in lysosomes 16

17 Where macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes chill out Fig

18 Acute inflammation results in extravasation of leukocytes Fig

19 Fig

20 Antigens and antibodies Antigen-binding sites Antigenbinding sites Epitopes (antigenic determinants) Antibody A Antigen Antibody C C C Antibody B Figure not in current edition of text. 20

21 Antigenic spikes of flu virus 21

22 22

23 Two main types of lymphocytes: B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes and their epitope-specific receptors Figures 43.9 and

24 Blood components (Figure 42.16) 24

25 Origin of leukocytes Fig

26 Origin of lymphocytes Figure not in current edition of text. 26

27 Fig B cells and B cell receptors 27

28 Activated B cells proliferate and produce antibodies Fig a 28

29 B cells and antibodies Fig b 29

30 Two main types of lymphocytes: B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes and their epitope-specific receptors Figures 43.9 and

31 T cells and T cell receptors Fig

32 T cells,t cell receptors, and MHCs (major histocompatibility complexes) Fig

33 Origin of lymphocytes Figure not in current edition of text. 33

34 1. Generation of lymphocyte diversity by gene rearrangement and Extreme diversity for maximum responsiveness Fig

35 2. Testing and removal of self-reactive lymphocytes and Self-tolerance. Figure not in text

36 3. Clonal selection of lymphocytes and Immunological memory/economic deployment Fig (Effector cells) 36

37 No longer in this book. 37

38 Immunological memory Fig

39 Two branches of adaptive immunity: (1) Humoral immune response (blue) and (2) cell-mediated immune response (green) Fig

40 Two branches of adaptive immunity: (1) Humoral immune response (left) and (2) cell-mediated immune response (right) Fig Notice centrality of the helper T cell! 40

41 dendritic cell or macrophage or B cell Centrality of the helper T cell (Fig ) (CD4) Dendritic cell: esp. naïve helper T cells (e.g., primary immune response) Macrophage: esp. memory helper T cells (e.g., secondary immune response) B cell: esp. during humoral response to an already activated helper T cell 41

42 Fig

43 dendritic cell or macrophage or B cell Pseudo-blue: Dendritic cell Pseudo-yellow: T-lymphocyte Fig

44 Fig

45 Fig

46 Fig

47 Class of Immunoglobulin (Antibody) Distribution Function IgM (pentamer) J chain First Ig class produced after initial exposure to antigen; then its concentration in the blood declines Promotes neutralization and crosslinking of antigens; very effective in complement system activation IgG (monomer) Most abundant Ig class in blood; also present in tissue fluids Promotes opsonization, neutralization, and cross-linking of antigens; less effective in activation of complement system than IgM IgA (dimer) J chain Present in secretions such as tears, saliva, mucus, and breast milk Only Ig class that crosses placenta, thus conferring passive immunity on fetus Provides localized defense of mucous membranes by cross-linking and neutralization of antigens Figure not in current edition of text. Secretory component Presence in breast milk confers passive immunity on nursing infant IgE (monomer) Present in blood at low concentrations Triggers release from mast cells and basophils of histamine and other chemicals that cause allergic reactions IgD (monomer) Transmembrane region Present primarily on surface of B cells that have not been exposed to antigens Acts as antigen receptor in the antigen-stimulated proliferation and differentiation of B cells (clonal selection) 47

48 Antigen disposal mechanisms: Fig

49 Two branches of adaptive immunity: (1) Humoral immune response (left) and (2) cell-mediated immune response (right) Fig Notice centrality of the helper T cell! 49

50 dendritic cell or macrophage or B cell Centrality of the helper T cell (Fig ) (CD4) Dendritic cell: esp. naïve helper T cells (e.g., primary immune response) Macrophage: esp. memory helper T cells (e.g., secondary immune response) B cell: esp. during humoral response to an already activated helper T cell 50

51 Fig

52 Fig

53 Fig

54 Fig

55 Dendritic cell and HIV 55

56 Dendritic cell 56

57 Dendritic cell and HIV 57

58 Macrophage and bacteria 58

59 Macrophage and Borrelia 59

60 Macrophage 60

61 B lymphocyte 61

62 B-lymphocyte (yellow) and dendritic cell (blue) 62

63 B-lymphocyte (right) and T-lymphocyte (left) 63

64 64