Are you dying to have sex?

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1 Are You Dying to Have Sex? Student Presentation Part 6: HPV (Slides ) 62 slides 12 minutes ISBN# Are you dying to have sex? Part 6 Viral STDs HPV 62 Slides 12 minutes ISBN # HDRC s GA Public Schools Online Library Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 221

2 padlock Padlock definition a removable lock that can be passed through and then secured "Padlock" - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary." Dictionary and Thesaurus - Merriam-Webster Online. 05 June 2009 < Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 222

3 padlock Sourcing example a removable lock that can be passed through and then secured It is important for you to know that all facts in this presentation have a medical source. "Padlock" - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary." Dictionary and Thesaurus - Merriam-Webster Online. 05 June 2009 < Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 223

4 padlock Sourcing example a removable lock that can be passed through and then secured Sources are textbooks, research papers or medical documents found online or in print. "Padlock" - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary." Dictionary and Thesaurus - Merriam-Webster Online. 05 June 2009 < Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 224

5 padlockdictionary definition a removable lock that can be passed through and then secured Sources are textbooks, research papers or medical documents found online or in print. "Padlock" - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary." Dictionary and Thesaurus - Merriam-Webster Online. 05 June 2009 < Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 225

6 Title HPV Human Papillomavirus Human PapillomaVirus USA. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention. Genital HPV Infection - CDC Fact Sheet. Department of Health and Human Services C, 24 Nov Web. 4 Dec < Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 226

7 The most common viral STD HPV is the most common viral STD Weinstock H, Berman S, Cates W, Jr. Sexually transmitted diseases among American youth: incidence and prevalence estimates, Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2004; 36(1): Cates W, Jr. Estimates of the incidence and prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. American Social Health Association Panel. Sex Transm Dis. 1999; 26(4):Suppl):S Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 227

8 20 million people infected HPV is the most common viral STD Approximately 20 million people are currently infected with genital Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in the United States Weinstock H, Berman S, Cates W, Jr. Sexually transmitted diseases among American youth: incidence and prevalence estimates, Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2004; 36(1): Cates W, Jr. Estimates of the incidence and prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. American Social Health Association Panel. Sex Transm Dis. 1999; 26(4):Suppl):S Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 228

9 Half are years old HPV is the most common viral STD Weinstock H, Berman S, Cates W, Jr. Sexually transmitted diseases among American youth: incidence and prevalence estimates, Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2004; 36(1): As many as half of these infections are among adolescents and young adults years old Cates W, Jr. Estimates of the incidence and prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. American Social Health Association Panel. Sex Transm Dis. 1999; 26(4):Suppl):S Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 229

10 Most become infected HPV is the most common viral STD Weinstock H, Berman S, Cates W, Jr. Sexually transmitted diseases among American youth: incidence and prevalence estimates, Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2004; 36(1): HPV is so common that most sexually active adults become infected at some point in their lives. Cates W, Jr. Estimates of the incidence and prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. American Social Health Association Panel. Sex Transm Dis. 1999; 26(4):Suppl):S Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 230

11 Center For Disease Control. "Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection". 6 Feb U.S. National Library of Medicine. 25 June Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion Human Development Resource Council, More than 100 types more than 100 types exist 231

12 Center For Disease Control. "Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection". 6 Feb U.S. National Library of Medicine. 25 June Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 30 are sexually transmitted 30 are sexually transmitted 232

13 Center For Disease Control. "Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection". 6 Feb U.S. National Library of Medicine. 25 June Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. Many are cancer related many are cancer related 233

14 99% of cervical cancer is HPV related over 99% of all cervical cancer is related National Cancer Institute. "Understanding Cancer Series: HPV Vaccine." US. National Institutes of Health (2006). 25 June Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 234

15 cervical cancer only occurs in females Only occurs in females over 99% of all cervical cancer is related National Cancer Institute. "Understanding Cancer Series: HPV Vaccine." US. National Institutes of Health (2006). 25 June Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 235

16 Both male and female have HPV both MALE and FEMALE can have National Cancer Institute. "Understanding Cancer Series: HPV Vaccine." US. National Institutes of Health (2006). 25 June Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 236

17 70% of cancer caused by 2 types 70 % of cervical cancers are caused by 2 types of USA. Department of Health and Human Services. Women"s Health in the U.S. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Genital Warts. USA.gov, 09 Jan Web. 22 Nov < Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion

18 Vaccine protects against these 2 a vaccine (3 shots) will protect females against these 2 cancer causing types "Genital HPV Infection - CDC Fact Sheet." Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 10 Apr US Department of Health and Human Services. 9 July 2009 <Genital HPV Infection - CDC Fact Sheet> Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 238

19 But only if she has never had before but only if she has never had that type before " Prophylactic quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) L1 virus-like particle vaccine in young women: a 2010 Human Development Resource Council, randomised double-blind placebo-controlled multicentre phase II efficacy trial." Lancet Oncoloty 6.5 (3005): PubMed, National Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. Institue of Health, National Library of Medicine. 05 May Web. 4 Dec < 239

20 Vaccine protects against most warts the vaccine will protect males against most genital warts "Genital HPV Infection - CDC Fact Sheet." Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 10 Apr US Department of Health and Human Services. 9 July 2009 <Genital HPV Infection - CDC Fact Sheet> Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 240

21 90% Vaccines of cancer protect 70% of warts against of 40 types causing 90% of warts causing 70% of cancer USA. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Department of Health and Human Services. HPV Vaccine Information for Clinicians. Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, 26 June Web. 5 Dec < Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 241

22 Not against other types of HPV/STD the vaccine will not prevent the other 26 types of sexually transmitted OR ANY OTHER TYPE OF STD USA. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Department of Health and Human Services. HPV Vaccine Information for Clinicians. Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, 26 June Web. 5 Dec < Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 242

23 Chin, James, Md, Mph,. ed. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. 17th ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, p. 548 Females have no signs or symptoms 2010 Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. Most females have NO signs or symptoms Only a pap smear by a physician can show the HPV infection 243

24 Chin, James, Md, Mph,. ed. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. 17th ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, p Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. HPV genital warts HPV is also known as genital warts even though 99% of those with HPV do NOT HAVE WARTS 244

25 Borchardt, Kenneth A., and Michael A. Noble, eds. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Epidemiology, Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment. New York: CRC P, p Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. Passed without warts HPV can be passed from one person to another even though NO WARTS ARE VISIBLE 245

26 Borchardt, Kenneth A., and Michael A. Noble, eds. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Epidemiology, Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment. New York: CRC P, p Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. Male warts are so small MALE warts are so small many may not know they are infected 246

27 Laurikka, J., M. Ala-Opas, and S. Kivinen. "Genital human papillomavirus infections in the male sexual partners of 45 female patients with papillomavirus infection." Annals chirugiae at gynaecologiae 79.1 (1990): PubMed U.S. National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health. Web. 5 Dec Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. Male warts may be microscopic < d_resultspanel.pubmed_rvdocsum&ordinalp os=7 >. MALE WARTS are so small they are almost impossible to see MALE WARTS may even be 247

28 Laurikka, J., M. Ala-Opas, and S. Kivinen. "Genital human papillomavirus infections in the male sexual partners of 45 female patients with papillomavirus infection." Annals chirugiae at gynaecologiae 79.1 (1990): PubMed U.S. National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health. Web. 5 Dec < d_resultspanel.pubmed_rvdocsum&ordinalp os=7 > Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. Not painful MALE WARTS are not painful 248

29 Guys don t know until 2010 Human partner Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. Laurikka, J., M. Ala-Opas, and S. Kivinen. "Genital human papillomavirus infections in the male sexual partners of 45 female patients with papillomavirus infection." Annals chirugiae at gynaecologiae 79.1 (1990): PubMed U.S. National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health. Web. 5 Dec < d_resultspanel.pubmed_rvdocsum&ordinalp os=7 >. abnormal Most guys don't know they have HPV until their female sexual partner has an abnormality 249

30 She has abnormality, 2010 Human he Development told, Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. Laurikka, J., M. Ala-Opas, and S. Kivinen. "Genital human papillomavirus infections in the male sexual partners of 45 female patients with papillomavirus infection." Annals chirugiae at gynaecologiae 79.1 (1990): PubMed U.S. National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health. Web. 5 Dec < d_resultspanel.pubmed_rvdocsum&ordinalp os=7 >. may show warts Only after has an abnormality and has been told, a medical examination of his genitals show a tiny growth she he may 250

31 Hoover, K., A. Friedman, D. Montano, D. Kaspryk, A. Greek, and M. Hogben. "What About the Partners of Women With Abnormal Pap or Positive HPV Tests?" Sexually Transmitted Disease (2009). National Center for Biotechnology Information, U. S. National Library of Medicine. Web. 5 Dec < Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. Unless you know and tell unless your partner about an infection it is nearly for the other to know you KNOW & TELL HPV impossible without visible warts 251

32 "Genital HPV Infection - CDC Fact Sheet." Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 10 Apr US Department of Health and Human Services. 9 July 2009 <Genital HPV Infection - CDC Fact Sheet>. Visible or not HPV passed ct-hpv.htm#prevent 2010 Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. visible ornot the infection can be passed person to HPV person 252

33 "Genital HPV Infection - CDC Fact Sheet." Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 10 Apr US Department of Health and Human Services. 9 July 2009 <Genital HPV Infection - CDC Fact Sheet>. Even if years since contact ct-hpv.htm#prevent 2010 Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. you can still have even if have passed since contact with an infected HPV YEARS person 253

34 Will I have symptoms? Will I have symptoms if I am infected with HPV? Chin, James, Md, Mph,. ed. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. 17th ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, p Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 254

35 Not always Will I have symptoms if I am infected with HPV? Not always Chin, James, Md, Mph,. ed. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. 17th ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, p Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 255

36 Spread when no visible warts HPV can spread when there are NO visible warts Chin, James, Md, Mph,. ed. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. 17th ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, p Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 256

37 Spread when no symptoms HPV can spread when there are NO symptoms Chin, James, Md, Mph,. ed. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. 17th ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, p Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 257

38 Spread when no visible signs HPV can spread when there are NO VISIBLE SIGNS Chin, James, Md, Mph,. ed. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. 17th ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, p Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 258

39 How infected? How could I become infected with HPV? Ross, Linda M., ed. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sourcebook. 26th ed. Omnigraphics, Inc., p Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 259

40 Skin to skin skin How could I become infected with HPV? Skin to skin skin Ross, Linda M., ed. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sourcebook. 26th ed. Omnigraphics, Inc., p Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 260

41 Sexual activity skin How could I become infected with HPV? Skin to skin Sexual activity skin Ross, Linda M., ed. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sourcebook. 26th ed. Omnigraphics, Inc., p Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 261

42 Oral contact skin How could I become infected with HPV? Skin to skin Sexual activity Oral contact skin Ross, Linda M., ed. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sourcebook. 26th ed. Omnigraphics, Inc., p Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 262

43 Anal contact skin How could I become infected with HPV? Skin to skin Sexual activity Oral contact Anal contact skin Ross, Linda M., ed. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sourcebook. 26th ed. Omnigraphics, Inc., p Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 263

44 Spread skin to skin HPV is often spread by skin skin contact Ross, Linda M., ed. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sourcebook. 26th ed. Omnigraphics, Inc., p Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 264

45 Areas that condoms don t cover HPV may exist in areas that condoms don't cover skin skin Ross, Linda M., ed. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sourcebook. 26th ed. Omnigraphics, Inc., p Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 265

46 Like pubic area above genitals HPV may exist in areas that condoms don't cover like in the pubic area above the genitals skin skin Ross, Linda M., ed. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sourcebook. 26th ed. Omnigraphics, Inc., p Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 266

47 Risk is reduced only if covered HPV may exist in areas that condoms don't cover risk is reduced only if infection is covered skin skin Ross, Linda M., ed. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sourcebook. 26th ed. Omnigraphics, Inc., p Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 267

48 Virus on male fingers recent studies have found HPV on the FINGERS of young males transmission from hand to genital may be possible skin Sonnex, C., S. Strauss, and J. J. Gray. "Detection of humanpapillomavirus DNA on the fingers of patients with genital warts." National Institute of Health. Pubmed Central, Bethesdea MD. 9 July 2009 < obtype=pdf >. Hernandez, B. Y., L. R. Wilkens, X. Zhu, P. Thompson, K. McDuffie, Y. B. Shvetsov, L. E. Kamemoto, J. Killeen, L. Ning, and M. T. Goodman. "Transmission of human papillomavirus in heterosexual couples." Emergin Infectious Disease 14.6 (2008): PubMed Central. Web. 6 Aug < el.pubmed_defaultreportpanel.pubmed_rvdocsum >. skin 2010 Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 268

49 YOUNG Females at risk with one women partner are at RISK with only ONE male partner Winer, R. L., Q. Feng, J. P. Hughs, S. O'Reilly, N. B. Kaviat, and L. A. Koutsky. "Risk of female human papillomavirus acquisition associated with first male sex partner." 15 Jan US National Library of Medicine, Bethesdea MD. 7 July 2009 < l.pubmed_defaultreportpanel.pubmed_rvdocsum> Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 269

50 30% infection first year, 50% within 3 YOUNG women are at RISK with only ONE male partner Nearly 30% risk of infection in the first year. Increases to 50% within three years. Winer, R. L., Q. Feng, J. P. Hughs, S. O'Reilly, N. B. Kaviat, and L. A. Koutsky. "Risk of female human papillomavirus acquisition associated with first male sex partner." 15 Jan US National Library of Medicine, Bethesdea MD. 7 July 2009 < l.pubmed_defaultreportpanel.pubmed_rvdocsum> Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 270

51 Risk is higher with more experienced male YOUNG women are at RISK with only ONE male partner Nearly 30% risk of infection in the first year. Increases to 50% within three years. Risk is even higher the more experienced the male. Winer, R. L., Q. Feng, J. P. Hughs, S. O'Reilly, N. B. Kaviat, and L. A. Koutsky. "Risk of female human papillomavirus acquisition associated with first male sex partner." 15 Jan US National Library of Medicine, Bethesdea MD. 7 July 2009 < l.pubmed_defaultreportpanel.pubmed_rvdocsum> Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 271

52 How can How can HPB affect me? HPV affect me? HPV 2010 Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 272

53 Cancer How can HPV affect me? HPV Division Of Std Prevention. "The Facts - HPV." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 27 Apr May 2009 < "Detailed Guide: Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer." Cancer Reference Information. 28 Sept American Cancer Society. 05 May 2009 < vity_and_oropharyngeal_cancer_60.asp>. Chin, James, Md, Mph,. ed. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. 17th ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, p Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 273

54 Cervical How can HPV affect me? HPV Cervical estimated up to 99% of all cases Division Of Std Prevention. "The Facts - HPV." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 27 Apr May National Cancer Institute. "Understanding Cancer Series: HPV Vaccine." US. National Institutes of Health (2006). 25 June "Detailed Guide: Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer." Cancer Reference Information. 28 Sept American Cancer Society. 05 May 2009 < actors_for_oral_cavity_and_oropharyngeal_cancer_60.asp>. Chin, James, Md, Mph,. ed. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. 17th ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, p Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 274

55 Oral How can HPV affect me? HPV Division Of Std Prevention. "The Facts - HPV." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 27 Apr May National Cancer Institute. "Understanding Cancer Series: HPV Vaccine." US. National Institutes of Health (2006). 25 June Cervical estimated up to 99% of all cases Oral estimated up to 25% of all cases "Detailed Guide: Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer." Cancer Reference Information. 28 Sept American Cancer Society. 05 May 2009 < actors_for_oral_cavity_and_oropharyngeal_cancer_60.asp>. Chin, James, Md, Mph,. ed. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. 17th ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, p Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 275

56 Vaginal, Penile, Anal How can HPV affect me? HPV Division Of Std Prevention. "The Facts - HPV." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 27 Apr May National Cancer Institute. "Understanding Cancer Series: HPV Vaccine." US. National Institutes of Health (2006). 25 June "Detailed Guide: Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer." Cancer Reference Information. 28 Sept American Cancer Society. 05 May 2009 < actors_for_oral_cavity_and_oropharyngeal_cancer_60.asp> Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. Cervical estimated up to 99% of all cases Oral estimated up to 25% of all cases Vaginal Penile Anal 276

57 Treatment may cause premature Surgery is among the treatments for precancerous cells on the female cervix caused by HPV deliveries This "cone biopsy" treatment can cause bleeding and premature deliveries in future births Borchardt, Kenneth A., and Michael A. Noble, eds. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Epidemiology, Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment. New York: CRC P, p.277 Meinikow, Julie, C. McGahan, G. F. Sawaya, T. Ehlen, and A. Coleman. "Journal of the National Cancer Institute." Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia outcomes after treatment: longterm follow-up from the British Columbia Cohort Study 101(10) (2009): PubMed Central. National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health, Bethesda MD. 24 July < Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum>. Borchardt, Kenneth A., and Michael A. Noble, eds. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Epidemiology, Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment. New York: CRC P, p.277 Meinikow, Julie, C. McGahan, G. F. Sawaya, T. Ehlen, and A. Coleman. "Journal of the National Cancer Institute." Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia outcomes after treatment: long-term follow-up from the British Columbia Cohort Study 101(10) (2009): PubMed Central. National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health, Bethesdea MD. 24 July rez.pubmed.pubmed_resultspanel.pubmed_defaultreportpanel.pubmed_rvdocsum 2010 Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 277

58 HPV usually causes WARNING no symptoms all FEMALES who have EVER been sexually active are at risk for HPV and cervical cancer. HPV usually causes no symptoms USA. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Department of Health and Human Services. Making Sense of Your Pap and HPV Test Results. Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, 90 July Web. 22 Nov. 2oo9. < Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 278

59 No way to screen males without WARNING warts there is accurate NO WAY to screen MALES unless genital warts are visible HPV usually causes no symptomsusa. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Department of Health and Human Services. Making Sense of Your Pap and HPV Test Results. Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, 90 July Web. 22 Nov. 2oo9. < Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 279

60 38% year olds positive 38% year old U.S. females tested positive Datta, S. D., L. A. Koutsky, S. Ratelle, E. R. Unger, J. Shlay, T. McClain, B. Weaver, P. Kerndt, J. Zenilman, M. Hagensee, D. J. Suhr, and H. Weinstock. "Human papillomavirus infection and cervical cytology in women screened for cervical cancer in the United States, " Annals of Intermed Medicine 148(7) (2008): PubMed Central. National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health, Bethesdea MD. 24 July 2009 < > Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 280

61 4 out of 10 that's nearly 4 out of year old girls that were actually tested Datta, S. D., L. A. Koutsky, S. Ratelle, E. R. Unger, J. Shlay, T. McClain, B. Weaver, P. Kerndt, J. Zenilman, M. Hagensee, D. J. Suhr, and H. Weinstock. "Human papillomavirus infection and cervical cytology in women screened for cervical cancer in the United States, " Annals of Intermed Medicine 148(7) (2008): PubMed Central. National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health, Bethesdea MD. 24 July 2009 < > Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 281

62 Many don t get tested since no symptoms that's nearly 4 out of year old girls that were actually tested many don't get tested since many don't have symptoms Datta, S. D., L. A. Koutsky, S. Ratelle, E. R. Unger, J. Shlay, T. McClain, B. Weaver, P. Kerndt, J. Zenilman, M. Hagensee, D. J. Suhr, and H. Weinstock. "Human papillomavirus infection and cervical cytology in women screened for cervical cancer in the United States, " Annals of Intermed Medicine 148(7) (2008): PubMed Central. National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health, Bethesdea MD. 24 July 2009 < >. Chin, James, Md, Mph,. ed. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. 17th ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, p Human Development Resource Council, Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. 282

Bacterial STDs medical cures exist but may not help damage already done 2010 Human Development Resource Council, www.hdrc.org Online Medical Library Fact, not opinion. Whelan, Jo. Phd. Sexually Transmitted

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