CD21 CD24 CD38 CD27 CD27. IgD IgD. bm3+4. bm2. early bm5. bm2. bm1. late bm5. unswitched memory. switched memory. naive

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1 SDC, Figure S1: The Bm1-Bm and the IgD/CD7 classifications of peripheral mature B cells. CD19 + B cells were analyzed with two double staining IgD/CD38 (Bm1-Bm classification) and IgD/CD7 (left panels). With the Bm1-Bm classification, subsets included virgin naïve cells (Bm1: IgD + CD38 ); activated naïve cells (Bm: IgD + CD38 lo ); transitional/pre-gc cells (Bm : IgD + CD38 hi ); plasmablasts (IgD -, CD38 hi ); memory cells (Bm: IgD - CD38 +/ ) further divided into early Bm (CD38 lo ) and late Bm (CD38 ). With the CD7 classification, subsets included naïve B cells (IgD +, CD7 - ), switched memory B cells (IgD -, CD7 + ), unswitched memory B cells (IgD +, CD7 + ) and double negative cells (IgD -, CD7 - ). Each subset with IgD/CD38 staining (from 1 to 7) is shown with IgD/CD7 staining (right panel). IgD + /CD38 hi cells correspond to transitional cells (CD hi, CD1 hi, CD7 - ) (upper right panel) CD1 3 PB bm3+ early bm bm bm CD38 CD 3 late bm bm1 1 CD7 switched memory unswitched memory CD7 1 DN naive IgD IgD

2 SDC, Figure S: Proportions of day- B cell subsets in the whole population of ESRD patients prior to transplant and in healthy controls Comparison of B cell subsets proportions according to the Bm classification in CD19 gate in healthy volunteers (, n=17) and in the whole population of ESRD patients (, n=11), at day- transplant before administration of immunosuppressive treatment. Values correspond to mean ± SEM. % of CD19+ cells % of CD19 cells 1 8 Absolute count CD19+ cells CD19+ count /mm Bm1 Naive cells Bm activated naive Total naive (Bm1+Bm) % of naive virgin CD19+ cells 1 1 % of naive active CD19+ cells % of total naive CD19+ cells 8 % of early memory CD19+ cells Bm Early memory % of late memory CD19+ cells Bm Late Memory 1 1 Total Bm memory cells % of total memory CD19+ cells 3 1 Bm' cells Plasmablasts % of transitionnal cells 8 % of Plasmablasts.....

3 SDC, Figure S3: Pre-transplant B cell phenotype according to the presence of anti-hla antibodies with two other MFI thresholds, 1 and. Comparison of day- B cell subsets with Bm1-Bm classification in patients with and without HLA antibodies, as defined with at least one antibody with a MFI greater than 1 (left panel) or (right panel). 8 LUMINEX 1 p<.. 8 LUMINEX p<.. % of subsets among CD19+ cells.. % of subsets among CD19+ cells. p<.. VIRGIN NAIVE ACTIVE NAIVE TRANSITIONAL EARLY MEMORY LATE MEMORY. Plasmablasts VIRGIN NAIVE ACTIVE NAIVE TRANSITIONAL EARLY MEMORY LATE MEMORY. Plasmablasts MFI < 1 (n=17) MFI > 1 (n=8) MFI < (n=) MFI > (n=3)

4 SDC, Table S1: B cell subsets and BAFF serum level at day- transplant in patients with or without history of immunizing event Transfusion Transplantation Pregnancy no yes p no yes p no yes P N % CD ± ± ±.8.8 ±..1.3 ± ±..1 Bm1 1.1 ±. 1. ± ± ± ± ±.7.3 Bm 9.7 ± ±.. 9. ± 1.9. ± ± ±.3.7 ebm 1.3 ± ± ± ± ± ± lbm 1. ± ± ± ± ± ± Bm'.3 ± 3..3 ±...7 ± ± ± 3..3 ±.1.9 PB.3 ±.. ± ±.7.7 ±1..8. ±.. ±.8.87 BAFF 3 187±11 18± ±17 17± ± 898 1±13.9 1: % of CD19+ cells among total lymphocytes; :plasmablasts; 3: pg/ml

5 SDC, Table S Multivariate analysis of factors associated with the diversity of pretransplant anti-hla antibodies (assessed through the number of positive single antigen flow beads with Luminex technique) B cell subsets analyzed in % of total B cells B cell subsets analyzed in absolute count Rates ratios [CI 9%] p Rates ratios [CI 9%] P History of pregnancy History of transplantation 3. [1.89-.] < [.1-.] <.1 9. [.-1.7] < [ ] <.1 Bm1*.97 [ ] a.81.8 [.7-1.] b.137 Bm 1 [.99-1.] a.7 1. [1.-1.1] c.11 a: for a variation of 1%; b: for a variation of 1 units; c: for a variation of units; * negative association

6 SDC Methods Multivariate Analysis Multivariate analyses were performed to delineate covariates independently associated with the presence of anti-hla antibodies with a MFI >3 and the number of positive Luminex class I and II beads, respectively by logistic and negative binomial regression. We included as covariates age, sex, immunizing events (transfusion, pregnancy, previous transplantation), percentage and absolute counts of total B cells and of each B cell subset (Bm1, Bm, Bm, Bm, Plasmablasts), and BAFF serum level. Stepwise selection procedures were applied to select relevant covariates using likelihood ratio statistics. P-values of. were used as entry or stay levels. Regression coefficients of final models were expressed as odds-ratios or ratesratios (for a given variation for quantitative covariates) with their 9% confidence interval. Statistical analyses were performed using JMP software version. (SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC, USA) and with the R package (