Desert Mountain Poa annua Spring Transition Management on Putting Greens Fred Yelverton, PhD Professor N. C. State University

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1 Desert Mountain Poa annua Spring Transition Management on Putting Greens Fred Yelverton, PhD Professor N. C. State University

2 Issues How much growth does bermuda need to maintain health? Can you transition in the spring without herbicides? What is the best herbicide to use? What are the hazards of herbicide use?

3 How Much Growth Does Bermuda Need (w/o rye competition) About 100 days Anything less will lead to a gradual decline in bermuda over time.

4 Fairways ryegrass was removed in late June, Rough died in late August

5 How Much Growth Does Bermuda Need (w/o rye competition) Trend to hold perennial ryegrass in too long in spring and overseed too early in fall

6 Desert Mountain November Visit Perennial Ryegrass Concerns on Geronimo, Chiricahua, and Apache Good ryegrass establishment followed by an apparent decline of ryegrass??? What happened???

7 Desert Mountain November Visit Common issue on these 3 courses September 15 seeding date (premature) Is the ryegrass dying or is the bermudagrass recovering and out-competing the ryegrass?

8 Desert Mountain November Visit Weather Conditions at DM 2002 vs 2003 (mean daily high and low temperatures) October 2002: 77.8 high 57 low October 2003: 88.1 high 65 low difference o +8 o

9 Desert Mountain November Visit Weather Conditions at DM 2002 vs 2003 (mean daily high and low temperatures) November : 73 high 53 low November : 69 high 49 low difference -4 o -4 o

10 Desert Mountain November Visit Bermuda was outcompeting rye in October. Most of the ryegrass is still there (but weakened) Due to extraordinary high temps in October followed by rapid drop in November. Early seeding dates (early to mid-sept) are more risky in general and were the only ones adversely affected at DM in 03. Lack of sunlight in November is also having an adverse effect.

11 Desert Mountain November Visit Other factors: Small seed size poor seedling vigor Barricade lack of root system on seedlings (on Geronimo only) Higher than normal traffic (esp. Apache)

12 Can You Transition Perennial Ryegrass Out (on time) Without Herbicides? Depends on where you are Florida/South TX yes Arizona - no

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17 Picture taken Sept. 03. Perennial ryegrass was chemically removed from fairways but not roughs

18 What Is The Best Herbicide To Use? Kerb Manor or Blade Revolver Monument Tranxit

19 What Are The Issues With Herbicde Use? Costs: ranges from $40-$100/acre How fast do you want to kill it? Dead and dying ryegrass is not pretty Herbicides are mobile

20 What Is The Best Herbicide To Use? All five are effective in removing ryegrass (some also kill Poa annua) The speed that they remove ryegrass differs

21 Speed Of Kill with Transition Herbicides Revolver = Monument = Tranxit are faster than Manor which is faster than Kerb.

22 Speed Of Kill with Transition Herbicides Revolver, Monument, Tranxit days Manor or Blade days Kerb days

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24 7 days after 0.5 oz/a of Manor

25 Revolver Sulfonylurea developed by Bayer Use rate (L): 0.2 to 0.6 fl oz prod / M Registered early 2003 Phytotoxic to cool season turf species Good tolerance to most warm season turf species Labeled for bermudagrass greens

26 Turfgrass Tolerance to Revolver Common bermudagrass Tifsport bermudagrass Tifway bermudagrass Highly Tolerant El Toro zoysiagrass Raleigh St. Augustinegrass Moderately Common centipedegrass Susceptible

27 Revolver phytotoxicity on Greg Norman (GN1) 360 USA01435-JLC01H17 UTC

28 Monument Active ingredient: trifloxysulfuron Sulfonylurea developed by Syngenta 75WG formulation Caution signal word

29 Monument 75 WG Sulfonylurea developed by Syngenta Use rate (WG): oz prod / acre Registered Fall 2003 Good tolerance level to certain warm season turf species including bermudagrass and zoysiagrass

30 Monument Currently labeled for bermudagrass, zoysiagrass grown on golf courses, sod farms, athletic fields, and other non-crop areas including airports and cemetaries Applications include: POST control of many perennial and annual grasses, sedges, and broadleaf weeds

31 Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus)

32 Monument Applications include: POST control of selected annual grasses Transition in spring from overseeded perennial ryegrass to bermudagrass

33 Turfgrass Tolerance to Trifloxysulfuron Common bermudagrass Tifway bermudagrass El Toro & Meyer zoysiagrass Highly Tolerant Common centipedegrass Susceptible

34 Rimsulfuron (Tranxit) Sulfonylurea developed by Griffin LLC Use rate (WG): 1-2 oz prod / acre Currently available Phytotoxic to cool season turf species Good tolerance level to most warm season turf species

35 Research with Herbicides

36 % Control Perennial Ryegrass Control for Transition for 9 fl oz for 18 fl oz for 28 fl oz Manor.5 oz Kerb.5 lb ai 0 2 WAT 4 WAT 8 WAT Rates are per acre applied Prestonwood CC, 2001

37 Foramsulfuron 9 fl oz/a Foramsulfuron 18 fl oz/a 3 WAT

38 Foramsulfuron 28 fl oz/a Manor.5 oz/a 3 WAT

39 Kerb.5 lb ai/a Nontreated 3 WAT

40 % Control Perennial Ryegrass Control for Transition Tranxit 1 oz Manor 0.5 oz Revolver 0.4 oz Monument 0.3 oz days 30 days Rates are per acre (except Revolver) applied NCSU Turf Field Lab, 2003

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47 % Control Poa trivialis Control with Revolver for Transition for 0.1 oz for 0.2 oz for 0.4 oz 0 4 WAT 6 WAT Rates are per M applied April 29, 2002.

48 Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne)

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50 % Control Clumpy Ryegrass Control for 4 fl oz for 9 fl oz for 18 fl oz Manor 1 oz WAT 4 WAT 6 WAT Rates are per acre applied

51 utc Revolver 0.4 oz

52 The best way to control clumpy ryegrass is to prevent it from establishing in nonoverseeded areas

53 Barricade applied at 0.5 lbs ai/a the day before overseeding.

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55 Herbicide Comparisons for Environmental Fate* prodiamine Simazine Metsulfuron Rimsulfuron Water solubility ppm 84 ppm 2,790 ppm 7,300 ppm Koc 13,000 ml/g 130 ml/g 35 ml/g 51 ml/g Soil ½ life 120 days 60 days 30 d (1-6 wk) 11 days * Herbicide Handbook and DuPont

56 And very phytotoxic to perennial ryegrass Metsulfuron is highly water soluble

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58 Bentgrass Tolerance to Tranxit

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60 Nontreated Barricade.5 8WBO

61 Desert Mountain Plan of Attack Lower mowing ht to increase light penetration through canopy (Use Beard s cultural methods) Use Manor to transition out ryegrass. If there is Poa annua present, use Kerb, Revolver, Monument, or Tranxit. Spray as soon as practical! Use seeded bermudas as nursery crop in rough (watch movement into hybrids)

62 Desert Mountain Plan of Attack Summer fert. Apply 2 lbs N/M monthly (light frequent applications ½ lb N/wk ammon. sulfate) One month prior to overseeding, apply P:K at 1:4 Be careful with Barricade in thin bermuagrass (Rubigan better choice)

63 Desert Mountain Plan of Attack Barricade at 0.5 lbs ai/a 6 wk prior to overseeding will extend bermudagrass recovery period One month prior to overseeding, raise mowing ht. Three-four days prior to scalping, apply Primo, reapply in 21 days

64 Desert Mountain Plan of Attack Barricade Step 1: apply at 0.65 ai/a unless bermuda is thin (apply 0.5 or Rubigan 6oz + 6oz + 2oz) Step 2: water in as soon as possible 0.25 to 0.5 inch nightly Step 3: in fall, keep seedlings moist (has restricted root system)

65 Dinitroanalines and Dimension Behavior in Plants: Absorbed by roots and emerging shoots and inhibit mitosis which prevents cell division and elongation. Sensitive species fail to emerge. Do not prevent seed germination!

66 DNA herbicides can injure stoloniferous turf species that are not well established

67 Turfgrasses may have difficulty rooting where DNA herbicides have been used

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72 NCSU Turf Website

73 Experimental Herbicides foramsulfuron Bayer rimsulfuron Griffin sulfosulfuron Monsanto trifloxysulfuron Syngenta Flazasulfuron ISK Biotech Velocity - Valent

74 New Herbicide foramsulfuron Bayer Trade Name - Revolver

75 New Herbicide Carfentrazone - FMC Trade Name - Quicksilver

76 Foramsulfuron - Revolver Weeds Controlled: Perennial ryegrass, Poa annua, goosegrass, Maybe: Dallisgrass????

77 Trifloxysulfuron - Monument Weeds Controlled: Yellow nutsedge, purple nutsedge, green kyllinga, Poa annua, Perennial ryegrass, dollarweed, Virginia buttonweed

78 Velocity bispyribac sodium Removal of Poa annua in cool-season turf???? Lots of additional work needs to be done.

79 Velocity bispyribac sodium Our work so far: Good on Poa annua Injury to bentgrass & perennial ryegrass

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81 Purple Nutsedge Control With Sulfonylurea Herbicides

82 Treatments Included Halosulfuron Rimsulfuron Sulfosulfuron Trifloxysulfuron Flazasulfuron Foramsulfuron 1.33 oz 2.00 oz 2.56 oz 0.59 oz 2.86 oz 4.5 pt X-77 Spreader added at 0.25% v/v

83 Treatment Information Treatments applied May 31, 2002 Purple Nutsedge 5 8 leaves 3 4 inches tall 1 10 per ft 2

84 Treatment Information Treatments applied with: XR VS flat fan nozzles 42 psi 20 gpa

85 Purple Nutsedge Control 31DAT a 98a 97a 73b Halo Rim Sulfo Trifloxy 60 Flaza c 26c Foram Check 0 0d

86 40 Purple Nutsedge Control 47DAT a Halo 94ab Rim Sulfo 80 Trifloxy 69bc Flaza 60 60c Foram Check d 9d 0d

87 Purple Nutsedge Control 83DAT a Halo 91a Rim Sulfo 80 Trifloxy Flaza 60 Foram 44b Check 40b c 9c 0c

88 Rimsulfuron: 2 oz Halosulfuron: 1.33 oz 31 DAT 31 DAT Sulfosulfuron: 2.56 oz Check 31 DAT July 1, 2002

89 Flazasulfuron: 2.86 oz Foramsulfuron: 4.5 pt 31 DAT 31 DAT Trifloxysulfuron: 0.59 oz Check 31 DAT July 1, 2002

90 % Control Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Control CGA.5+.5 oz CGA.6+.6 oz Manage lb ai Image.5+.5 lb ai WAIT 4 WAIT Rates are product per acre initiated 6-21 with sequential applied 8-2. Plymouth CC, 2001

91 % Control Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Control CGA.5+.5 oz CGA.6+.6 oz Manage lb ai Image.5+.5 lb ai WAIT 10 WAIT Rates are product per acre initiated 6-21 with sequential applied 8-2. Plymouth CC, 2001

92 Revolver Sulfonylurea developed by Aventis Use rate (L): 4 26 fl oz prod / acre Registered winter 2003 Phytotoxic to cool season turf species Good tolerance to most warm season turf species

93 Turfgrass Tolerance to Foramsulfuron Common bermudagrass Tifsport bermudagrass Tifway bermudagrass Highly Tolerant El Toro zoysiagrass Raleigh St. Augustinegrass Moderately Common centipedegrass Susceptible

94 Revolver phytotoxicity on Greg Norman (GN1) 360 USA01435-JLC01H17 UTC

95 Foramsulfuron 56 fl oz x 2 on El Toro Zoysiagrass 2 WAIT 8 WAIT

96 % Control Poa annua Control in Non- Overseeded Bermudagrass for 18 fl oz for 36 fl oz for 54 fl oz Roundup Pro 1 qt WAT 6 WAT 10 WAT Rates are product per acre applied Poa annua was 0-2 tiller at application. Quail Ridge, 2001

97 % Control Poa annua Control in Non- Overseeded Bermudagrass for 18 fl oz for 36 fl oz for 54 fl oz Roundup Pro 1 qt WAT 4 WAT 8 WAT Rates are product per acre applied Poa annua was 3-8 tiller w/ seedheads at application. Quail Ridge, 2001

98 Nontreated

99 Foramsulfuron 18 fl oz/a

100 Roundup Pro 1 qt/a

101 DNA herbicides can injure stoloniferous turf species that are not well established

102 Control of Goosegrass with Revolver

103 Goosegrass Control with Revolver / Sencor Tank Mixes Summary of Six Trials on Multi-tillered weeds Days after Application oz prod / 1000 ft2 Revolver days Revolver days MSMA 3 pts/a - 7 days Rev.4 + Sen 5-7 days Rev.6 + Sen 5-7 days Two applic at 7 days apart JEM02H38 JEM02H41 JEM02H37 JEM02H39 JEM02H44 HCO02H05

104 Turfgrass Tolerance to Trifloxysulfuron Common bermudagrass Tifway bermudagrass El Toro & Meyer zoysiagrass Highly Tolerant Common centipedegrass Susceptible