Management Tips for Insects in Desert Vegetables. John C. Palumbo Yuma Ag Center

Transcription

1 Management Tips for Insects in Desert Vegetables John C. Palumbo Yuma Ag Center

2 NOAA: Calls for La Nina ~ this winter U. S. Seasonal Outlooks (December 21 - February 211) California and the Southwest: Warmer and drier than average.

3 Aphids Thrips Seed Maggots

4 Aphid Abundance Rainfall or lack thereof Yuma Ag Center, , 5 Plantings/Yr - Oct (1), Nov (2), Dec (2) 26, 2 plantings - Nov (1), Dec(1) 3 Rainfall (in.) / planting Seasonal Avg. Aphid/Plant

5 Keys to Effective Aphid Management Scout field thoroughly, pay attention to windward edges Don t treat based solely on presence of winged-adults Treat when 1% of plants are colonized with > 2 aphids Choose insecticide based on aphid species present

6 UA VegIPm Updates, Vol. 1, No. 3 (Feb 1, 21)

7 Alternatives for Aphids Control in Desert Vegetables (in order of preference) Movento Beleaf Assail * Voliam Flexi Admire Pro (or generics) Platinum Fulfill Endosulfan 1 st choices Orthene ** MSR Dimethoate * Pyrethroids * Lannate ** 2 nd choices ** Will provide thrips control * May provide thrip suppression

8 Movento (spirotetramat) in Desert Vegetables Two-way Systemicity Whiteflies, Aphids Novel MOA IGR like activity Slow Acting Minimal impact on adults Population regulation Excellent residual control Foliar air or ground Penetrating adjuvants

9 Movento Field Performance Speed of Kill Green Peach Aphid in Head Lettuce Yuma Ag Center, Spring Aphids / Plant How long does it take to kill aphids 24 Assail, 4 oz Movento, 5 oz Untreated A single spray applied: - March 2, Pre- spray Days After Application

10 Movento Green Peach Aphid in Cabbage Yuma Ag Center, Spring 27 I though you said this stuff worked

11 Movento Green Peach Aphid in Cabbage Yuma Ag Center, Spring 27 I though you said this stuff worked 35 Aphids / Plant 3 Assail, 4 oz Movento, 5 oz Prespray 3 DAA-1 7 DAA-1 14 DAA-1 7 DAA-2 14 DAA-2 21 DAA-2 March 26 April 24

12 Movento Green Peach Aphid in Cabbage Yuma Ag Center, Spring 27 I though you said this stuff worked 35 Aphids / Plant 3 Assail, 4 oz Movento, 5 oz Prespray 3 DAA-1 7 DAA-1 14 DAA-1 7 DAA-2 14 DAA-2 21 DAA-2 March 26 April 24

13 Movento Green Peach Aphid in Cabbage Yuma Ag Center, Spring 27 I though you said this stuff worked Aphids / Plant 35 3 Assail, 4 oz Movento, 5 oz Note: no untreated control shown in this graph This is what a PCA sees Too many aphids 5 Prespray 3 DAA-1 7 DAA-1 14 DAA-1 7 DAA-2 14 DAA-2 21 DAA-2 March 26 April 24

14 This is what I see in the untreated control

15 Performance of Movento Green Peach Aphid in Cabbage Yuma Ag Center, Spring Aphids / Plant Assail, 44 oz oz Movento, 55 oz oz Untreated Untreated Control : > 15 aphids / plant Too many aphids 98% control Pre- spray DAA-1 DAA-1 DAA-1 DAA-2 DAA-2 DAA-2 March 26 April 24

16 Western Flower Thrips in Lettuce

17 WFT Management in Leafy Vegetables Influence Temperature of Temperature Avg. Temperature ( o F) Sept 2 Oct 1 Nov 1 Nov 15 Dec 1 Dec Mean Thrips / Plant Oct 1 Nov 21 Nov 11 Dec 1 Jan 2 Jan 9 Feb 1 Mar 21 Mar 8 Apr

18 WFT Management in Leafy Vegetables Influence of Rainfall Seasonal Rainfall Yuma Ag Center, =.3 Total Thrips / Plant Planting Date Sep 2 Oct 1 Nov 1 Nov 15 Dec 1 Dec =.46 Total Thrips / Plant = 3.77 Total Thrips / Plant Oct 3 Nov 2 Dec 1 Jan 1 Jan 2 Feb 1 Mar 1 Mar 2

19 WFT Management in Leafy Vegetables Influence of Rainfall Yuma Valley - 21 Mean Western Flower Thrips / Plant Adults Larvae 3.12" rainfall (22 Jan).45" rainfall ( 6-1 Feb) 15 Jan 18 Jan 25 Jan 29 Jan 1 Feb 3 Feb 8 Feb 12 Feb 16 Feb

20 Keys to Effective Thrips Management Early detection of thrips populations is important A few probably means a lot Treat before larvae become established Use insecticides at effective rates By ground when possible

21 Alternatives for Thrips Control in Desert Vegetables Radiant / Success Lannate* 1 st choice Orthene* Endosulfan Dimethoate Pyrethroids * 2 nd choice Abamectin Beleaf Assail Movento 3 rd choice

22 WFT Management in Leafy Vegetables Chemical Control 1 WFT Larvae In Lettuce 28 Radiant used at 5-7 oz 1 WFT Control (% reduction compared to UTC) Small plot efficacy trials 3 trials / yr, 2-3 sprays/ test 7 DAT evaluations Lannate+Pyrethroid Success/Radiant

23 WFT Management in Leafy Vegetables Chemical Control 1 WFT Adult In Lettuce * 25, began testing Lannate at.5 lb /ac 1 WFT Control (% reduction compared to UTC) Small plot efficacy trials 3 trials / yr, 2-3 sprays/ test 7 DAT evaluations Lannate+Pyrethroid Success/Radiant

24 Seed corn maggot Seedlings are more susceptible during a wet, cold spring in which seed germination is slowed. Adults lay eggs in soil; larvae begin to emerge in 2-4 days Adults attracted to fields with high organic matter (i.e., manure, heavy broccoli/lettuce residue) Larvae will also attack transplants (i.e., watermelons) No control alternatives once field is infested

25 Seed Corn Maggot control alternatives Insecticide AI Activity Cruiser Thiamethoxam Seed Tmt Supresto * Clothianidin+ imidacloprid Seed Tmt Entrust * spinosad Seed Tmt Radiant * spinetoram In-furrow Brigade bifenthrin In-furrow Diaz-AG5 diazinon In-furrow Aza-Direct Azidirachtin In-furrow Belay clothianidin In-furrow Coragen chlorantraniliprole In-furrow Durivo chlorantraniliprole +thiamethoxam In-furrow These use patterns not presently labeled in cucurbits

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27 Seed Corn Maggot Insecticide Alternatives Trial 1, Feb 21 Cantaloupes Seed treatments Cruiser ST Supresto ST Belay (4 oz) Durivo (5 oz) Admire Pro (7 oz) Fungicide Check In-furrow spray treatments * % Seedling Emergence * Not significantly different from the fungicide check

28 Trial 2, Feb 21 Entrust,.5 mg Farmore, DI4 Brigade, 5 oz Radiant, 5 oz Diazinon, ½ pt Belay, 4 oz Coragen, 5 oz Entrust, 1 oz Aza-Direct, 2 pts Fungicide Check Cantaloupes Seed treatments In-furrow spray treatments * * * % Seedling Emergence Not significantly different from the fungicide check

29 Keys to Effective Seed Corn Maggot Management Encourage growers to avoid planting into excessive residue Check with nursery avoid infested transplants Consider using a seed treatment or in-furrow sprays under less than ideal growing conditions Wet and cool weather encourage slow germination, and maggots have the advantage