Weed Risk Analysis And Assessment For Weed Seeds Consignment With Imported Grains.

Transcription

1 Weed Risk Analysis And Assessment For Weed Seeds Consignment With Imported Grains. By Mekky, M.S. ; E.E. Hassanein ; A.N. M. Nassar ; M. R. Moshtohry ; A. S. Kholousy and M.F.I. Daie. Weed Res. Central Lab., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.

2 Objective. This is a pioneer work for weed risk analysis in Egypt where 334 samples of imported grains in the period from /3/29 to /3/2 were used to detect weed seeds consignment in imported grain shipments as well as to estimate weed risk assessment of the main fours weed species, namely wild oat (Avena spp.), rye grass (Lolium temulentum), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) as alien weed on Agriculture in Egypt. The aim of this study was to reduce the influx of new weeds from abroad and more effectively mange the new incursions already in Egypt.

3 MATERIALS AND METHODS. A. Source of materials. The sources of these shipments were Russia, U.S.A., Ukraine, Argentine, Serbia, Hungaria, Poland and some other countries. B. Method of detection. Weed seed detection was carried out by video microscopes and magnified lens and the count was carried out as No./kg of grains.

4 C. Weed Risk Assessment (WRA). Plant protection services and their quarantine sections should be able to determine the likelihood of introducing or spreading invasive species and also to determine adequate measures to minimize their potential harm. The WRA is based on the answers to 44 questions, according to the scoring format covering of weed attributes in order to screen for taxon that are likely to become weeds of the environment and/or agriculture. The questions are divided into three sections producing identifiable scores that contribute to the total score (Witold 2).

5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS. About 334 samples of imported wheat, maize and sorghum grains were imported from Russia, Ukrane, America, France and Poland with percentage of 39.3, 2.3, 5.3, 5. and 2.3 %, respectively, in addition, about 7.7 % from other countries.

6 45.% 4.% 39.3% 35.% 3.% 25.% 2.% 2.3% 5.% 5.3% 5.%.% 7.7% 5.%.% 2.3% Russia Ukrainia America France Polanda Other Figure show that during the period from st March, 29 to st March,2.

7 Table ():Level of weed seed contamination in imported grains during 29/ of weeds recorded in Egypt. Country Level of weed seed contamination (No. / kg of grains). -24 > 26 Total No. % No. % No. % Ukrania USA Russia Other Total

8 Table (2) No of achene of Ambrosia spp / sample and frequency in different countries. No of Ambrosia spp./kg grain Total samples No. of seeds / kg Free level Infested with Ambrosia Ukrania No No. 26 USA No No Russia. No No. 54 2

9 Figure (2) % of imported contaminated samples with Ambrosia seeds during /3/29 to /3/2. % 9% 8% 7% 6% % 5% 4% 3% 2% % % Ukrania. A Amerca. A Russia. A Other Total % from all samples 2.3% 5.3% 39.3% 25.% % to % % 2.3% %.8% 96.3% 99% 97.7% 98.2% Cuntries to 44 % from all samples

10 Table (3) Final evaluation of weed risk area for Egyptian weed species (Lolium spp, Avena spp, Convolvulus spp and alien weed of Ambrosia Weed species Probability of introduction. Probability of establishment. Economic Impact. Ambrosia. 82:3=6.3 94:3=7.23 8:8=6. Avena spp. 82:3= =6.6 7:9=5.6 Lolium spp. 82:3=6.3 97:3=7.5 93:9=4.9 Convolvulus spp. 7:3=5.4 83:3=6.4 8:9=4.3

11 C. Weed risk management and conclusion For quarantine work it should: - Screen grains to less than permissible level for wild oat, rye grass and field bind weed >25 seeds/kg and level for ragweed should be obligate. Managing wild oat, rye grass and fieldbind weed by herbicides in winter crops.

12 Why we prevent Ambrosia spp weeds from grains and seeds crops? Quarantine status of Ambrosia artemisiifolia ; A. trifida and A. psilostachya in Egypt.

13 ** The Ambrosia artemisiifolia ; A. trifida and A. psilostachya classified as quarantine pest in Egypt and prohibited entry to Egypt for the following reasons:- - These species not recorded in Egypt up till now. 2- These weeds cause harmful effects to human healthy causing allergy. 3- Its very difficult to control these weeds as in France which come from USA to France and very mange this weed.

14 4- It produce huge amounts of seeds and very invasive to new areas. 5- There is no big cost for screening the shipments which consignments with ambrosia because the contaminated not reach to 2% which treated only. 6- The risk assessment had been done according to the criterion of FAO and considered as noxious weeds. * For the above reasons Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation Agricultural decree No. 426 in 29 season and from this time the weed seeds contamination treated.