STUDIES ON OCCURRENCE OF ALLERGIC AIRSPORA IN COLLEGE LIBRARIES

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1 Page7 Journal of Basic Sciences, 2015, Vol. 3, STUDIES ON OCCURRENCE OF ALLERGIC AIRSPORA IN COLLEGE LIBRARIES Shinde H.P a., Goswami D.B b. and P.P. Ahire c *a Department of Botany, KVN Naik College, Nashik , (M.S.), India. b Department of Zoology, KVN Naik College, Nashik , (M.S.), India. c Department of Botany, Krt Arts, BH Commerce and AM Science College, Nashik , (M.S.), India. [*Corresponding Author s shindehemant79@gmail.com] JOURNAL OF BASIC SCIENCES Abstract: The present study deals with the study of allergic aeromycoflora at the libraries of three different colleges in Nashik district. The study involves identification and analysis of biodeteriorating and pathogenic fungal spores. The observation reveals that, indoor aeromycoflora causes bio-deterioration of paper and many allergenic reactions in human beings. The sampling of fungal spores was done by using Rotorod Air Sampler in the libraries of three colleges. The samples were collected for 6 months i.e. from December 2014 to June The fungal spores were trapped by operating air samplers. Total of 18 fungal types like Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Trichoderma, Rhizopus, Helminthosporium were recorded in the. The trapped spores are identified microscopically using reference slides and the available literature. The results were recorded and analyzed and compare with the paste records. Keywords: Aeromycoflora, Rotorod Air sampler, Fungal Spores, Allergy 1 Introduction Aerobiology is a scientific and multidisciplinary approach focused on the transport of organisms and biologically significant materials 1. The study of aerobiology is concerned with the source of an organism or material and their release in the atmosphere, dispersion, deposition and impaction on plants, animals and human systems 2. Airborne diseases threaten the lives and productivity of plants, animals and humans. Our knowledge and understanding of the origin, release, dispersal, and rhythmicity of airborne spores and their mode of deposition are still incomplete 3. Fungal spores are an ever-present component of the air with concentrations and compositions known to fluctuate according to the complex interaction between biological and environmental factors such as: geographical location, air pollution, weather conditions, human activity and local source of vegetation 4. The intramural aerobiology deals with the dispersion of microbes in closed atmosphere i.e. in green house, caves, cattle sheds, poultry, and grains storage godown and library buildings etc 5. Thus, aerobiology is a discipline that focuses upon the atmospheric transport of the microorganisms responsible for such diseases. Since the studies include interaction of spores with air pollutants; aerobiology could be considered as Atmospheric ecology or Aero ecology 6.

2 Page8 E-ISSN Aerospora includes mostly airborne microbes, fungal spores, pollen grains, and also fragmentary microscopic plant and animal remains and fungal hyphae. Pollen grains and spores are considered to the major component of the aeroallergens found suspended in the air. They cause widespread upper respiratory track and naso- branchial allergy with manifestations like asthma, seasonal rhinitis various types of bronchial troubles etc Qualitative and quantitative analyses of airborne fungal spore in the working environments of the three college libraries in Nasik, Maharashtra; were carried out. 2 Materials and Methods In the present study air sampling is done at some college Libraries at Nasik.The contamination of the air inside these libraries was principally of environment origin. Library air contamination may originate not only from respiratory and skin aeroallergens released during book handling but also from the infrastructural dirt. The results of this works useful understanding the role of fungal spores in Library setup. The work was carried out for 06 months i.e. 1 st December 2014 to 30 th June The Rotorod air sampler was fully described by Perkins (1959). He developed a battery operated Rotorod sampler sampling at a constant rotational speed. The device replies upon the high efficiency with which small airborne particles are deposited on narrow rods oriented at right angles to high velocity winds. The rotorod sampler was developed by researchers at Stanford University Rotorod Sampler:- It has been developed in to a cheap, portable high efficiency sampler with greater sensitivity. Collecting arms of the device are made of cm (1/16 th ) square sections brass rods slightly bent inwards. The vertical arms are 6 cm long and 4 cm from the axis. The motor gives about 2300 rpm. Sampling sites:- The present studies have been carried out inside the college libraries at K.T.H.M College, K.V.N. Naik College Nashik & Pimpalgaon (B) College, Pimpalgaon (B) Dist. Nashik. Preparation of Glycerin Jelly:- Glycerin jelly was prepared in the laboratory as follows: Composition:- Gelatin - 40 gm. Glycerin ml Distilled water ml Phenol Crystals ml The above amount of glycerin and distilled water was mixed in beaker and heated in water bath for 2-3 hrs. During heating this mixture; slowly gelatin was added and stirred to avoid clumping. After gelatin dissolves, the jelly is ready. To this, phenols crystals are added at room temperature the mixture sets like jelly. While mounting; the jelly is melted in a water bath and used for mounting for making the slides permanent. For most of volumetric spore s traps 20mm width cello tape is used into which air is impacted. The sticky side of the tape is fixed to the rotating arms and other side is coated with petroleum jelly. After rotating the spore trap, the microbial population from the air collected on jelly and the slides were made permanent. Each slide is divided into 3 equal parts. Then all these slides are observed under compound microscope at 10X, 45X, optical combination. Fungal spores were counted and identified microscopically using reference slides and the available Literature. The results were recorded and analysed Results and Discussion List of Components MYXOMYCOTINA 1. Physarum Pers. 2. Stemonitis Roth. ZYGOMYCOTINA 1. Albugo Pers. Ex. S. F. Gray. 2. Circinella Van Tiegh. 3. Rhizopus Ehrenberg. 4. Mucor ASCOMYCOTINA 1. Hypoxylon Bull Ex.Fr. 2. Melanospora Corda. Journal of Basic Sciences December 2015

3 Page9 BASIDIOMYCOTINA 1. Smut. 2. Uredospores. DEUTEROMYCOTINA 1. Alternaria Nees. 2. Aspergillus Michel ex.link. 3. Biospora Corda. 4. Cercospora Fr. 5. Curvularia Boed. 6. Exosporium Link. 7. Fusarium Link. 8. Nigrospora Zimm. OTHER TYPES:- 1. Hyphal fragment. 2. Insect scale. 3. Pollen grain. 4. Plant parts. Table-1: Total concentration & % contribution of each group. Sr. Name of the Conc/L Contribution/L No. group Myxomycotina Zygomycotina Ascomycotina Basidiomycotina Deuteromycotina Other Types % % 6.01 % % % % Fig-2 Percent contribution of fungal group per liter in collected sampler. Table -2 Percentage Contribution Of Each Allergic Spores Total Sr. Name of the % Contribution/ No. of No. spores L spores Rhizopus Alternaria Curvularia Nigrospora Aspergillus Fusarium Fig: 1 Total concentration of fungal group per liter in collected sample Fig-3 Total number of spores found in each spore group During the period of investigation air monitoring experiments were carried out in the college libraries at K.T.H.M College, K.V.N. Naik College in Nashik & Pimpalgaon (B) College, Pimpalgaon (B) Dist. Nasik. These studies were carried out using Perkins Rotorod air sampler for the period from 1 st December 2014 to 30 th June 2015.

4 Page10 E-ISSN aerobiological population during the period investigation. The same findings were observed by most of the scientist Fig-4 Percent contribution of spore group per liter of collected sample. This investigation is mainly confined to the airborne indoor spores. This has been categorized in to Spore type. In addition, hyphal fragment, insect scales, plant parts and pollen grains were also trapped and they are grouped under separate class known as Other types. During present studies, 22 air borne components were trapped. From them, it was observed that 4 were other types. Out of 18 fungal spores 2 belongs to Myxomycotina, 4 belongs to Zygomycotina, 2 belongs to Ascomycotina, 2 belongs to Basidiomycotina, 8 belongs to Deuteromycotina. During the period of present investigation spore group Deuteromycotina contributed highest percentage (39.31%) to the total aerospora followed by other types (19.28%) Zygomycotina (16.25%), Basidiomycotina (10.92%), Myxomycotina (8.27%) and ascomycotina (6.01%). During the period of investigation the group Ascomycotina is lowest class of the total aerospora. Out of all spores types; the group Basidiomycotina forms the 3 rd dominant group. Basidiomycotina contributed (10.32%) to the total aerospora. They occurred regularly during the period of investigation. The group Deuteromycotina as a whole, dominated the aerospora representing highest % contribution (39.31%) and with large no. of spores types (8) to the total aerospora. The most regularly occurring spores types which contributed in a considerable no. where Alternaria, Aspergillus, Biospora, Cercospora, Curvularia, Exosporium, Fusarium and Nigrospora, these spores dominated the 4 Conclusions The present investigation deals with the studies of air spore in Library by using Rotorod Air sampler. The present investigation was carried out during 1 st December 2014 to 30 th June During the experimental work total 22 airborne components like fungal spores, hyphal fragments, insect scales, pollen grain and plant parts etc. were trapped and recorded with the help of Photographs and references of slides. Out of which,out of 18 fungal spores 2 belongs to Myxomycotina,4 belongs to Zygomycotina, 2 belongs to Ascomycotina, 2 belongs to Basidiomycotina, 8 belongs to Deuteromycotina and 4 Other types include hyphal fragment, insect scale,pollen grain and plant parts etc. Deuteromycotina was recorded with highest concentration followed by Alternaria, Aspergillus, Biospora, Cercospora, Curvularia, Exosporium, Fusarium and Nigrospora. Aspergillus contributed highest number of the total aerospora belong to the group. 5 References 1. Tiwari Priti, Indian Journal of Sciences and Research, (2014) 4, 1, Ghatge M.M., Salunkhe V.S. and Jadhav R.R., International Research Journal of Environmental Science, (2013), 2, 7, Anderson, Pamela K., et al. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, (2004), 19.10, D'amato G., et al., Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology, (2010), 20.2, Pandey, Deepmala, and Nisha Misra, Microbial Diversity and Functions (2012): Mishra, R.R., Mycopathologia et mycologia applicata, (1971), , Journal of Basic Sciences December 2015

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