The Western Tradition The Age of Reason 18 th century. Alastair Gray

Transcription

1 The Western Tradition The Age of Reason 18 th century Alastair Gray

2 In This Session Develop an awareness of the interrelationships among separate healing paradigms and their common ground. Explain the history and understandings of health and disease according to different cultural and historical frameworks. Understand the development of the scientific method and its increasing importance in Western medicine as well as its influence on other medical system paradigms. Identify how the changing ideas and perspectives about health over time relate to the present landscape of natural medicine in Australia and around the world.

3 Three points to consider for assessment By the 1700 s what was perceived as the cause of disease in western European thought What we some of the dramatic changes in diet experienced in Europe What were the developments in medicine as a consequence of exploration

4 Exploration where North South East West

5 New Foods Medicine is moving forward Europeans are spreading throughout the world Spices, herbs, tobacco, quinine all changed the course of human history. Cinchona meant that men, armies could go on to areas previously impossible to get to because of mosquitoes

6 New Foods Vendors offered beer, water, oranges, nuts, gingerbread, and apples, all of which were occasionally thrown at the actors. Hazelnuts were the most popular theatre snack, the Elizabethan equivalent of Raisinets."

7 New Foods Potatoes

8 New Foods Corn Grain remained the undisputed main staple of early modern Europe until the 17th century. By this time the skepticism towards New World imports such as potatoes and maize had softened among the general populace, and the potato in particular found new appreciation in Northern Europe, where it was a much more productive and flexible crop than wheat.

9 New Foods Capsicum

10 Dramatic change in the diet through introduction of new food which also affected society o Tomato Ramon Espinosa / AP

11 Coffee, tea and chocolate o But it was not until the 17th century that all three products became popular as social beverages.

12 Drugs

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17 Introduction of new herbs, spices and medicines o Tobacco o Tobacco had already long been used in the Americas when European settlers arrived and introduced the practice to Europe, where it became popular.

18 Introduction of new herbs, spices and medicines o Quinine o Quinine has been used in unextracted form by Europeans since at least the early 1600s. Quinine was first used to treat malaria in Rome in

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20 Culture contact o The most deadly diseases to affect people in the eighteenth century included smallpox, diphtheria, and yellow fever. The most feared disease of all was smallpox.

21 New diseases o One of the major breakthroughs of the eighteenth century was the inoculation of small pox. o English doctor, Edward Jenner, discovered the vaccination for small pox.

22 Theories of disease and contagion o John Brown expounded his view that there were only two diseases, sthenic (strong) and asthenic (weak), and two treatments, stimulant and sedative; his chief remedies were alcohol and opium.

23 Developments in conventional medicine as a consequence of new technologies

24 Why the sprint through western human history o Ideas o Health o Disease o Holism o Science o Problem solving

25 References All images labelled available for commercial use from commons.wikipedia.org

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