Index. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

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1 Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A ABCG2 gene, in gout, Acetaminophen, for CPP crystal deposition, 347 ACTH (corticotropin), for gout, , 383 ADAMTS proteins, in cartilage damage, 297 Age factors, in CPP crystal deposition, 180 Alcohol consumption, as gout risk factor, , 286, 359 ALDH2 gene, in gout, 286 Allopurinol, for gout, 254, , , 376 American College of Rheumatology, gout guidelines of, 330 Anakinra for BCP crystal deposition, 348 for gout, 301, , ANKH gene, in CPP crystal deposition, , 209 Antihypertensive drugs, as gout risk factor, 169 Antioxidants, urate as, 262 Arhalofenate (MBX-102), for gout, 380 ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities), 157, 163, , 262 Arthritis BCP. See Basic calcium phosphate crystal deposition. CPP. See Calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition. degenerative. See Osteoarthritis. gouty, rheumatoid, CPP crystal deposition and, Arthrocentesis for BCP crystal deposition, for CPP crystal deposition, 347 Arthropathy BCP. See Basic calcium phosphate crystal deposition. CPP. See Calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition. hydroxyapatite, , 245 Aspirin, gout and, 169 Atherosclerosis chondrocalcinosis and, gout and, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), 157, 163, , 262 Aura, gouty, 195 B Baker cyst, in gout, 196 Barbotage, for BCP crystal deposition, Rheum Dis Clin N Am 40 (2014) rheumatic.theclinics.com X/14/$ see front matter ª 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

2 390 Index Basic calcium phosphate crystal deposition asymptomatic, 210 atherosclerosis and, calcification formation in, clinical manifestations of, , comorbidities with, 208 crystal structure in, 312 diagnosis of, , , 223, 244 epidemiology of, forms of, 348 imaging for, 223, pathogenicity of, risk factors for, 208 structural consequences of, treatment of, BCP. See Basic calcium phosphate. Benzbromarone, for gout, Body mass index, high, as gout risk factor, , 359 Bone erosion of, in BCP crystal deposition, in calcium crystal deposition, 314 in gout, 232 ultrasonography for, 233 remodeling of, in gout, Bone morphogenic proteins, in bone remodeling, Boston Nurse s Health Study, 323 Bursitis, in calcium crystal deposition, 314 C Calcific periarthritis, , , 350 Calcific tendinitis, acute, in calcium crystal deposition, 314 Calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition acute, , , arthritis in, , 215 asymptomatic, 210, 214 atherosclerosis and, calcification in, chronic, classification of, 178 clinical manifestations of, , , , 344 comorbidities with, 208, 263, computed tomography for, 241 crystal structure in, 209, 312 diagnosis of, , epidemiology of, , 344 familial, imaging for, 223, , 245,

3 joints affected by, 178 pathogenicity of, radiography for, risk factors for, , stages of, 346 structural consequences of, treatment of, acute, long-term, ultrasonography for, 241 Canakinumab for CPP crystal deposition, 347 for gout, 301, , Cardiovascular disease, gout and, , 359 Cardiovascular Health Study, 258 Cartilage, damage of, in gout, Caspase inhibitors, for gout, CD73, in CPP crystal deposition, 209 Cerebrovascular disease, gout and, Cervical myelopathy, compressive, in CPP crystal deposition, China, gout in, 160 Chondrocalcinosis, atherosclerosis and, clinical manifestations of, 344 imaging for, Chondrocytes, in gout, Coffee, gout and, 164 Colchicine for CPP crystal deposition, for gout, , 338 Cold therapy, for gout, 330 Combination therapy, for gout, Computed tomography for BCP crystal deposition, , 220, 223 for bone erosion, 293 for calcium crystal deposition, , 320 for CPP crystal deposition, 223, 241, for crowned dens syndrome, 218 for gout, , 244, 292 for hydroxyapatite arthropathy, for tendon evaluation, 299 Congestive heart failure, gout and, 256, 264 Coronary heart disease chondrocalcinosis and, gout and, , 264 Corticosteroids for CPP crystal deposition, for gout, 331, Corticotropin (ACTH), for gout, , 383 CPP. See Calcium pyrophosphate. Crowned dens syndrome, 210, , 241 Index 391

4 392 Index Crystal deposition diseases. See Basic calcium phosphate crystal deposition; Calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition. Cyclosporine, as gout risk factor, 359 Cytokines, in bone erosion, D Destructive arthropathy, in CPP crystal deposition, Diabetes mellitus BCP crystal deposition in, gout and, 261, 265, 359 Dietary factors, in gout, , 359 Diuretics, as gout risk factor, 169, 286, 359 DKK genes, in bone remodeling, Double-contour sign, in gout, 233 Dual-energy computed tomography for bone erosion, 293 for calcium crystal deposition, , 320 for gout, , 244 for tendon evaluation, 299 Duloxetine, for CPP crystal deposition, 348 E Elderly persons, CPP crystal deposition in, 180 Endocrine disorders, CPP crystal deposition and, Endothelium, urate effects on, ENPP-1 protein, in CPP crystal deposition, 209 Environmental factors, in gout, Etoricoxib, for gout, 334 European League Against Rheumatism crystal deposition terminology of, 208 gout guidelines of, 330 propositions of, 215 Extracorporeal shock wave therapy, for BCP crystal deposition, F Febuxostat, for gout, Fenofibrate, for gout, 366 First metatarsophalangeal joint, gout in, 194 Four-joint screening, for gout, 202 Framingham Heart Study, 156, 161, 163, , 255, 315 Frediani classification, of CPP crystal deposition, 223 French Society of Arthroscopy, Fructose intake, as gout risk factor, , 286, 359 G Gärtner and Heyer classification, of BCP crystal deposition, GCKR gene, in gout,

5 Gender differences, in CPP crystal deposition, 180 General Practice Research Database, 160 Genetic factors in CPP crystal deposition, , in gout, environmental factors interacting with, genome-wide association studies in, , 287 mechanisms of, Genetics and Osteoarthritis and Lifestyle (GOAL) study, 319, 323 Genome-wide association studies, in gout, , 287 Gitelman syndrome, Glycolytic genes, in gout, GOAL (Genetics and Osteoarthritis and Lifestyle) study, 319, 323 Gout acute, animal models for, 301 asymptomatic, classification of, 202 clinical manifestations of, comorbidities with, computed tomography for, CPP crystal deposition and, definition of, 193 description of, 155 diagnosis of, differential diagnosis of, 203 dual-energy computed tomography for, epidemiology of, genetic factors in, imaging for, , 244 incidence of, joints involved in, magnetic resonance imaging for, natural history of, osteoarthritis and, 300 pathology of, 236, persistent (nonacute), prevalence of, 160 prevention of, prodromal symptoms of, 195 radiography for, risk factors for, modification of, stages of, 194 structural joint damage in, treatment of, emerging therapies for, nonadherence to, 361 nonpharmacologic, pharmacologic, serum urate goals in, 361 strategies for, Index 393

6 394 Index Gout (continued) symptom reduction in, 200 to prevent joint damage, ultrasonography for, H Hand, calcific periarthritis of, 350 Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 156, , 163, 165, , 262 Heart failure, gout and, 256, 264 Hemarthrosis, in CPP crystal deposition, 219 Hemochromatosis, CPP crystal deposition and, , Hemorrhagic shoulder of the elderly, Huntington disease, gout and, 263, 265 Hydroxyapatite, in BCP crystal deposition, Hydroxyapatite arthropathy, imaging for, , 245 Hyperdyslipidemia, as gout risk factor, Hyperparathyroidism, CPP crystal deposition and, 183, Hypertension, gout and, , , 264, 359 Hyperuricemia, as gout precursor, comorbidities with, definition of, 252 genetic factors in, treatment of, Hypomagnesemia, CPP crystal deposition and, 183 Hypophosphatasia, CPP crystal deposition and, 183, 266 Hypothyroidism, CPP crystal deposition and, 182 I Ice therapy, for gout, 330 Imaging, See also specific modalities. Indomethacin, for gout, 334 Insulin resistance, gout and, 261, 264 Interleukin(s) in bone erosion, in calcium crystal deposition, inhibitors of, for gout, , 331, , Iowa Women s Health Study, 323 J John Hopkins Precursor Study, 160 Joint(s) in CPP crystal deposition, 178 in gout, , bone erosion in, cartilage damage in, future research directions in, screening of, 202 tendon involvement in,

7 Index 395 K Kidney disease, gout and, 170, , 264, 359 Kinmen Study from Taiwan, 161 Knee alignment of, CPP crystal deposition and, 182 osteoarthritis of, 216 L Lavage, for BCP crystal deposition, Lesinurad (RDEA594), for gout, Levotofisopam, for gout, Lifestyle changes, for gout, Longus colli muscle, BCP deposition in, 212 Losartan, for gout, 366 LRP2 gene, in gout, 286 Lumbar canal stenosis, in CPP crystal deposition, M Macrophages, in bone erosion, 296 Magnetic resonance imaging for BCP crystal deposition, , 223 for bone erosion, 293 for calcium crystal deposition, , 317, 320 for CPP crystal deposition, 223, for crowned dens syndrome, 218 for gout, , 244 for hydroxyapatite arthropathy, for tendon evaluation, 299 Matrix metalloproteinases, in cartilage damage, 298 Medications, as gout risk factor, , 359 Melanocortin, for gout, 383 Meniscectomy, CPP crystal deposition and, 182 Mesotherapy, for BCP crystal deposition, 350 Metabolic syndrome, as gout risk factor, , , 264 Microscopy for CPP crystal deposition, for monosodium urate crystals, 202 Milwaukee shoulder syndrome, , 314, MLXIPL gene, in gout, Monosodium urate crystals, 193, , bone erosion and, genetic factors in, in cartilage damage, osteoarthritis and, 300 Multiple sclerosis, gout and, 263 Myelopathy, cervical, compressive, N Naproxen, for gout, 334 Neck pain, in BCP crystal deposition, 212

8 396 Index Needling treatment, for BCP crystal deposition, Nephrolithiasis, gout and, 259 Neurologic disorders, gout and, , 265 Neuropathy, in calcium crystal deposition, 313 Neutrophils, in bone erosion, 295 New Zealand, gout in, 160 NFAT5 gene, in gout, NLRP-3 inflammasome, in gout, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for BCP crystal deposition, 348, 350 for CPP crystal deposition, 347 for gout, , 338 Normative Aging Study, 161 Nosologic diagnosis, of gout, Nurses Health Study, 156, O OAT4 gene, in gout, 286 Obesity, as gout risk factor, , 359 Obstructive sleep apnea, gout and, Osteoarthritis as gout risk factor, 170 BCP crystal deposition and, 216, 351 calcium crystal deposition and, CPP crystal deposition and, 181, 216, 263, 265 gout and, 300 imaging for, Osteoblasts, in bone erosion, 295 Osteoclasts, in bone erosion, Osteophytes, in bone remodeling, Osteoprotegerin in bone erosion, 294 in calcium crystal deposition, 323 Oxyphenbutazone, for gout, 337 P Parkinson disease, gout and, , 265 PDZK1 gene, in gout, Pegloticase, for gout, , , 376 Periarthritis, in calcium crystal deposition, 314 Peripheral arterial disease, gout and, Peroxynitrite, urate interactions with, 262 Physical therapy for BCP crystal deposition, 348 for CPP crystal deposition, 347 PiT protein, in CPP crystal deposition, 209 PKLR gene, in gout, Podagra, 194 Polarized microscopy, for CPP crystal deposition,

9 Index 397 Prednisolone, for gout, 335 Prednisone, for gout, 335 PRKAG2 gene, in gout, Probenecid, for gout, Prostaglandins, in bone erosion, 295 Proteases, in BCP crystal deposition, 352 PRPSAP1 gene, in gout, 285 Pseudogout, 263, 312. See also specific disorders. Pseudopodagra, 184 Purine dietary, in gout, inborn errors of metabolism of, 280 R Radial shock wave therapy, for BCP crystal deposition, 349 Radiography for BCP crystal deposition, 212, for calcium crystal deposition, , for CPP crystal deposition, 222, , for gout, 202, , 244, 293 for hydroxyapatite arthropathy, RANK and RANKL, in bone erosion, 294 RENAAAL (Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan) trial, 259 Renal Data System, 258 Rest, for gout, 330 Rheumatoid arthritis, CPP crystal deposition and, Rilonacept, for gout, 301, , Risk factors, for gout alcohol consumption, , 286, 359 diabetes mellitus, 261, 359 dietary, , 286, 359 hyperdyslipidemia, kidney disease, 170, , 359 medications, , 359 metabolic syndrome, , obesity, , 359 Rochester Epidemiology Project, 161 S Sex differences, in CPP crystal deposition, 180 Shoulder BCP crystal deposition in, Milwaukee, , 314, SLC2A9 gene, in gout, 283, SLC17A1 gene, in gout, 287 SLC22A12 gene, in gout, Spinal cord compression, in calcium crystal deposition, 313 Spine, CPP crystal deposition in,

10 398 Index Stones, urinary tract, gout and, 259 Stroke, gout and, , 264 Sugar consumption, gout and, 165 Sulfinpyrazone, for gout, Sulindac, for gout, 334 Synovial fluid analysis in CPP crystal deposition, , 345 in gout, 202 Synovitis, in calcium crystal deposition, 214, 312 T T lymphocytes, in bone erosion, 296 Tendons, in gout, Tenosynovitis, in calcium crystal deposition, 313, THIN (The Health Improvement Network), 157, 161, 163, 166, TNAP protein, in CPP crystal deposition, 209 Tophi, computed tomography for, dual-energy computed tomography for, in bone erosion, magnetic resonance imaging for, radiography for, , 293 resolution of, ultrasonography for, Triamcinolone, for gout, 335 Tumor lysis syndrome, 259 U Ulodesine (BCX4208), for gout, 378 Ultrasonography for BCP crystal deposition, 220 for CPP crystal deposition, , 241, , for gout, , 244 for hydroxyapatite arthropathy, for tendon evaluation, 299 Ultrasound therapy, for BCP crystal deposition, 348 Urate antioxidant activity of, urate as, 262 metabolism of, Urate anion transporter 1, Uricase, recombinant (pegloticase), for gout, , , 376 Uricosic agents, for gout, Urolithiasis, gout and, 259 V Vienna Health Screening Project, 258 Vitamin C, gout and, 165

11 Index 399 W Wilson disease, CPP crystal deposition and, 182, 266 Wnt signaling molecules, in bone remodeling, X Xanthine oxidase, in heart failure, 256