Respiratory System Disorders 3
|
|
- Felicia Hill
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Respiratory System Disorders 3 Lecture 25 Pathology and Clinical Science 1 (BIOC211) Department of Bioscience Text Reference: Porth s Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States Sheila C. Grossman & Carol Mattson Porth. Ninth Edition. Copyright 2014 Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Publishers, Inc. endeavour.edu.au
2 SESSION LEARNING OUTCOMES o This session explains the aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations and management of infections of the respiratory system. o It aims to understand the following respiratory infections Acute Bronchitis Pneumonia Tuberculosis Respiratory diseases caused by Fungi Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 2
3 ACUTE BRONCHITIS AND TRACHEITIS Definition Acute inflammation of the trachea and the bronchial tree Aetiology Infection usually bacterial or viral Follows acute coryza Clinical Features Chest tightness, wheezing, breathlessness Coughing & sputum Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 3
4 ACUTE BRONCHITIS AND TRACHEITIS Complications Bronchopneumonia Respiratory failure Bronchial asthma Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 4
5 ACUTE BRONCHITIS AND TRACHEITIS Investigations X ray throat and chest for trachea and lungs Tracheal / nasopharyngeal swab culture Blood oxygen levels Blood test to determine the cause of infection Treatment ET intubation Analgesics for pain relief Paracetamol for fever Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 5
6 TRACHEAL OBSTRUCTION Aetiology Allergic reactions Foreign bodies Throat cancers External tumours pressing on trachea Inflammation of trachea or bronchial tree Clinical Features Stridor Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 6
7 TRACHEAL OBSTRUCTION Asphyxia Complications Management Systematic and depending upon the cause Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 7
8 TRACHEAL OBSTRUCTION Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 8
9 PNEUMONIA o Definition An acute respiratory illness associated with recently developed radiological pulmonary shadowing which may be segmental, lobar or multilobar o Classification Clinical Community acquired Hospital acquired ( nosocomial ) Pneumonia in immuno-compromised hosts Pneumonia in patients with damaged lung (including suppurative and aspirational) Radiological and pathological Lobar Bronchial Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 9
10 TYPES OF PNEUMONIA From Pathophysiology for the Health Professions (2nd ed., p. 325), by B Gould, Philadelphia. W B Saunders Company. Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 10
11 PNEUMONIA Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 11
12 o Epidemiology COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA (CAP) In UK 5-11/1000 adults per year (5 12% of LRTI) Incidence higher in very young and elderly Pneumonia accounts for 1/5 of childhood death worldwide o Aetiology CAP is usually spread by droplet infection Predisposing factors cigarette smoking, URTI, alcohol, corticosteroid therapy, old age, recent influenza infection, pre-existing lung disease Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 12
13 COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA (CAP) o Bacterial pneumonias are commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae Chlamydia pneumoniae Mycoplasma pneumoniae Legionella pneumoniae o Primary viral pneumonias are caused by influenza, parainfluenza, measles viruses Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 13
14 LOBAR OR STREPTOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA Gram (+ve) Diplococci Infiltration of neutrophils in alveoli From Pathophysiology for the Health Professions (2nd ed., p. 326), by B Gould, Philadelphia. W B Saunders Company. Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 14
15 STAGES OF PNEUMONIA Congestion accumulation of bacteria Red hepatisation congestion and increased intraalveolar fluid Gray hepatisation red cells get trapped in parenchyma Resolution enzymatic activity digests exudate coughing From Porth s Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States. (9 th ed., p. 937), by Sheila C. Grossman & Carol Mattson Porth. Philadelphia, U.S.A. Walters Kluwer Health - Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 15
16 COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA (CAP) Clinical features Acute illness with systemic features such as fever, rigor, shivering, vomiting, loss of appetite, headache Pulmonary symptoms are at first painful and dry cough, later accompanied by mucopurulent sputum Rust colour sputum in patients with Strep. Pneumoniae Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 16
17 COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA (CAP) Investigations Chest X ray Microbiological investigations Sputum microscopy and culture Blood culture Serology Assessment of gas exchange General blood tests Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 17
18 COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA (CAP) student.britannica.com/eb/art-89483/doctors-f... Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 18
19 COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA (CAP) Differential diagnosis Pulmonary infarction Pulmonary TB Pulmonary oedema Malignancy Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 19
20 COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA (CAP) Management Rest, avoid smoking Oxygen Fluid balance Antibiotics Analgesics Physiotherapy Prevention Influenza vaccination to those at high risk Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 20
21 HOSPITAL ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA Pneumonia occurring at least 2 days after admission to hospital Aetiology Predisposing factors Reduced host defences Aspiration Bacteria introduced into LRT Bacteraemia Majority caused by gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, Pseudomonas and Klebsiella) and Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 21
22 HOSPITAL ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA Clinical features and investigations Similar to CAP Management Antibiotics for Gram-negative bacteria Oxygen therapy Fluid support Monitoring ( mortality 30% ) Physiotherapy Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 22
23 PNEUMONIA IN THE IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENT o Majority caused by same common pathogens, but gram-negative bacteria are more of a problem o Unusual organisms may become opportunistic pathogens Clinical features Fever, cough, breathlessness and chest X ray changes Patients may develop non-specific symptoms Onset of symptoms less rapid in opportunistic infection Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 23
24 PNEUMONIA IN THE IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENT Investigations Similar to other pneumonias Management Initial broad spectrum antibiotics and tailored according to results Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 24
25 SUPPURATIVE AND ASPIRATIONAL PNEUMONIA INCLUDING PULMONARY ABSCESS Suppurative pneumonia Pneumonic consolidation with destruction of lung parenchyma by inflammatory process and microabscess formation Pulmonary abscess Lesion with large localised collection of pus Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 25
26 SUPPURATIVE AND ASPIRATIONAL PNEUMONIA INCLUDING PULMONARY ABSCESS Aetiology Infection of the previously healthy lung tissue with Staph. aureus or Kleb. Pneumoniae Or inhalation of septic material during operation on nose, mouth or throat under GA or inhalation of vomitus during GA or coma Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 26
27 SUPPURATIVE AND ASPIRATIONAL PNEUMONIA INCLUDING PULMONARY ABSCESS Clinical features Cough with large amount of sometimes fetid and blood stained sputum Pleural pain Sudden expectoration of copious amount of foul sputum High fever Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 27
28 SUPPURATIVE AND ASPIRATIONAL PNEUMONIA INCLUDING PULMONARY ABSCESS Management Antibiotics ( later modify according to results ) Physiotherapy in pulmonary abscess Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 28
29 Pulmonary Abscess Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 29
30 TUBERCULOSIS Epidemiology Caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Current estimate 1000 million will become infected between 2002 and 2020 Reasons for re-emergence of TB In developed countries Immigration, HIV, social deprivation, increased elderly, drug resistance In developing countries Ineffective control, lack of access to health care, poverty, civil unrest, HIV, drug resistance Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 30
31 TUBERCULOSIS From Porth s Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States. (9 th ed., p. 940), by Sheila C. Grossman & Carol Mattson Porth. Philadelphia, U.S.A. Walters Kluwer Health - Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 31
32 TUBERCULOSIS Predisposing factors Age children, elderly First generation immigrants from high prevalence countries Overcrowding Immunosuppression Type I diabetes X ray evidence of healed TB Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 32
33 TUBERCULOSIS Pathogenesis M. tuberculosis spread by droplet inhalation M. bovis from drinking non-sterilised milk of infected cows Bacilli enter lungs engulfed by macrophages helper T cells produce cytokines recruitment of monocytes and formation of granulomas limiting the replication and spread of organism Classical granulomas with central caseous necrosis (primary lesion Ghon focus) Primary lesion with regional lymph node involvement (Ghon complex) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 33
34 TUBERCULOSIS Pathogenesis continued If bacilli spread before immunity established secondary foci in lymph nodes, serous membrane, meninges, bones, liver, kidneys and lungs Or scar tissue then grows around the tubercle (granuloma) completing the isolation of the bacilli generally taking around 10 days to complete Tuberculosis can now remain dormant sometimes for life, however if the immune system is compromised or bacilli escape active disease reoccurs Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 34
35 DEVELOPMENT OF TB From Pathophysiology for the Health Professions (2nd ed., p. 328), by B Gould, Philadelphia. W B Saunders Company. Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 35
36 TUBERCULOSIS Clinical features Primary TB Can be asymptomatic with a very gradual onset of the disease, diagnosis not completed until the disease is advanced. Flu like symptoms may be present Miliary TB 2 3 weeks of fever, night sweats, weight loss, dry cough Other symptoms would relate to what parts of the body are affected Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 36
37 TUBERCULOSIS Clinical features continued.. Pulmonary TB Dry cough leading to productive haemoptyic sputum Chest pain Shortness of breath Flu like illness Extrapulmonary TB common in HIV patients ( 20 % in HIV negative ) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 37
38 TUBERCULOSIS Investigation for diagnosis Sputum, tissue biopsy (microscopy & culture) Tuberculin test Control and prevention BCG vaccine Identification and contact tracing Treatment Anti TB drugs (multiple drugs to prevent resistance) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 38
39 NATURAL HISTORY AND SPECTRUM OF TB Kumar, V., Cotran, R., & Robbins, S. (1997) Basic Pathology. 6 th ed. P. 426). Philadelphia. W B Saunders Company Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 39
40 Secondary TB Primary TB Kumar, V., Cotran, R., & Robbins, S. (1997) Basic Pathology. 6 th ed. P ). Philadelphia. W B Saunders Company Miliary TB Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 40
41 RESPIRATORY DISEASES CAUSED BY FUNGI Aspergillosis Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is hypersensitivity reaction to A. fumigatus involving bronchial wall and periphery of the lungs More common in autumn and winter & associated with asthma Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 41
42 ABPA Clinical features Fever, breathlessness, productive cough with bronchial casts and worsening of asthmatic symptoms Chest X ray Skin test Blood test Investigations Management Steroid, physiotherapy Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 42
43 ASPERGILLOSIS (cultured) Culture_of_Aspergillus_fumigatus_fungus-SPL.jpg Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 43
44 ASPERGILLOSIS (cultured) Culture_of_Aspergillus_fumigatus_fungus-SPL.jpg Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 44
45 Student Feedback Surveys Your feedback is important to us! In the first fifteen minutes of the next class for this subject you will be provided with the opportunity to complete the Student Feedback Survey for BIOC211 Please bring your laptop, tablet, or smart phone to your next class so that you can complete the survey in class time. Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 45
46 LINKS Main classifications of lung diseases are: obstructive, restrictive, ventilation, and perfusion. Classification of common diseases like asthma, emphysema, and pneumonia. Khan Academy minutes Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 46
47 Readings and Resources Resources: o o Set Textbooks: Colledge, N.R., Walker, B.R. & Ralston S.H. (2014). Davidson s Principles and Practice of Medicine, (22nd ed.). Edinburgh. Churchill Livingstone. Grossman, S.C. & Porth, C.M. (2014). Porth s Pathophysiology: concepts of altered health states, (9th ed.). Philadelphia, U.S.A. Walters Kluwer Health - Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. Additional textbooks: Davies, A. & Moores, C. (2010). The respiratory system: basic science and clinical conditions, (2 nd ed.). Edinburgh. Churchill, Livingstone, Elsevier. Field, M., Pollock, C., Harris, D. (2010). Systems of the Body: The Renal System; Basic Science and Clinical Conditions. (2 nd ed.). United Kingdom: Churchill Livingstone. Jamison, J.R. (2006) Differential Diagnosis for Primary Care: a handbook for health care practitioners. (2 nd ed.). Edinburgh. Churchill Livingstone. Lee, G. & Bishop, P. (2013). Microbiology and Infection Control for Health Professionals, (5th ed.). Frenchs Forest, NSW. Pearson Education. McCance, K.L. & Huether, S.E. (2014). Pathophysiology: the biological basis for disease in adults and children, (7 th ed.). St. Louis, MO. Elsevier. Murphy, K. (2011). Janeway s immunobiology, (8 th ed.). New York. Garland Science. Noble, A., Johnson, R. & Bass, P. (2010). The cardiovascular system: basic science and clinical conditions, (2 nd ed.). Edinburgh. Churchill, Livingstone, Elsevier. Pagana, K.D. & Pagana, T.J. (2013). Mosby s diagnostic and laboratory test reference, (11 th ed.). St. Louis, MO. Elsevier. Smith, M.E. & Morton, D.G. (2010). The digestive system: basic science and clinical conditions, (2 nd ed.). Edinburgh. Churchill, Livingstone, Elsevier. VanMeter, K.C. & Hubert, R. (2014). Gould s pathophysiology for health professions, (5 th ed.). St. Louis, MO. Elsevier. Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 47
48 COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA Copyright Regulations 1969 WARNING This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or on behalf of the Endeavour College of Natural Health pursuant to Part VB of the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. Do not remove this notice. Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 48
Hospital-acquired Pneumonia
Hospital-acquired Pneumonia Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) Pneumonia that occurs at least 2 days after hospital admission. The second most common and the leading cause of death due to hospital-acquired
More informationBIOS222 Pathology and Clinical Science 2
BIOS222 Pathology and Clinical Science 2 Session 3 Lymphatic and Haematological Disorders 1 Bioscience Department www.endeavour.edu.au Session Learning Outcomes At the end of this session, you should be
More informationPATHOLOGY & PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
PATHOLOGY & PATHOPHYSIOLOGY DISORDERS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DISORDERS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Disorders of the Respiratory System Infections Degenerative Tumours Immune Trauma Congenital Upper respiratory
More informationNeoplasia 2. Lecture 9. Pathology and Clinical Science 1 (BIOC211) Department of Bioscience. endeavour.edu.au
Neoplasia 2 Lecture 9 Pathology and Clinical Science 1 (BIOC211) Department of Bioscience Text Reference: Grossman, S.C. & Porth, C.M. (2014). Porth s Pathophysiology: concepts of altered health states,
More informationIntroduction to Cells and Disease
Introduction to Cells and Disease Lecture 1 Pathology and Clinical Science 1(BIOC211) Department of Bioscience Text Reference: Porth s Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States Sheila C. Grossman
More informationPathology of Pneumonia
Pathology of Pneumonia Dr. Atif Ali Bashir Assistant Professor of Pathology College of Medicine Majma ah University Introduction: 5000 sq meters of area.! (olympic track) Filters >10,000 L of air / day!
More informationRespiratory Pathology. Kristine Krafts, M.D.
Respiratory Pathology Kristine Krafts, M.D. Normal lung: alveolar spaces Respiratory Pathology Outline Acute respiratory distress syndrome Obstructive lung diseases Restrictive lung diseases Vascular
More informationPneumonia. Dr. Rami M Adil Al-Hayali Assistant professor in medicine
Pneumonia Dr. Rami M Adil Al-Hayali Assistant professor in medicine Definition Pneumonia is an acute respiratory illness caused by an infection of the lung parenchyma, associated with recently developed
More informationChapter 22. Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 22 Pulmonary Infections Objectives State the incidence of pneumonia in the United States and its economic impact. Discuss the current classification scheme for pneumonia and be able to define hospital-acquired
More informationan inflammation of the bronchial tubes
BRONCHITIS DEFINITION Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes (or bronchi), which are the air passages that extend from the trachea into the small airways and alveoli. Triggers may be infectious
More informationPNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN. IAP UG Teaching slides
PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN 1 INTRODUCTION 156 million new episodes / yr. worldwide 151 million episodes developing world 95% in developing countries 19% of all deaths in children
More informationChapter 10 Respiratory System J00-J99. Presented by: Jesicca Andrews
Chapter 10 Respiratory System J00-J99 Presented by: Jesicca Andrews 1 Respiratory System 2 Respiratory Infections A respiratory infection cannot be assumed from a laboratory report alone; physician concurrence
More informationInfectious Diseases. Lecture 3. Pathology and Clinical Science 1 (BIOC211) Department of Bioscience. endeavour.edu.au
Infectious Diseases Lecture 3 Pathology and Clinical Science 1 (BIOC211) Department of Bioscience Text Reference: Grossman, S.C. & Porth, C.M. (2014). Porth s Pathophysiology: concepts of altered health
More informationRespiratory Diseases and Disorders
Chapter 9 Respiratory Diseases and Disorders Anatomy and Physiology Chest, lungs, and conducting airways Two parts: Upper respiratory system consists of nose, mouth, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx Lower
More informationPathology of pulmonary tuberculosis. Dr: Salah Ahmed
Pathology of pulmonary tuberculosis Dr: Salah Ahmed Is a chronic granulomatous disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (hominis) Usually it involves lungs but may affect any organ or tissue Transmission:
More informationUnit II Problem 2 Pathology: Pneumonia
Unit II Problem 2 Pathology: Pneumonia - Definition: pneumonia is the infection of lung parenchyma which occurs especially when normal defenses are impaired such as: Cough reflex. Damage of cilia in respiratory
More informationPNEUMONIA. I. Background 6 th most common cause of death in U.S. Most common cause of infection related mortality
Page 1 of 8 September 4, 2001 Donald P. Levine, M.D. University Health Center Suite 5C Office: 577-0348 dlevine@intmed.wayne.edu Assigned reading: pages 153-160; 553-563 PNEUMONIA the most widespread and
More informationKey Difference - Pleural Effusion vs Pneumonia
Difference Between Pleural Effusion and Pneumonia www.differencebetween.com Key Difference - Pleural Effusion vs Pneumonia Pleural effusion and pneumonia are two conditions that affect our respiratory
More informationLecture Notes. Chapter 16: Bacterial Pneumonia
Lecture Notes Chapter 16: Bacterial Pneumonia Objectives Explain the epidemiology Identify the common causes Explain the pathological changes in the lung Identify clinical features Explain the treatment
More informationPneumonia. Definition of pneumonia Infection of the lung parenchyma Usually bacterial
Pneumonia Definition of pneumonia Infection of the lung parenchyma Usually bacterial Epidemiology of pneumonia Commonest infectious cause of death in the UK and USA Incidence - 5-11 per 1000 per year Worse
More informationRESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS. CLS 212: Medical Microbiology Zeina Alkudmani
RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS CLS 212: Medical Microbiology Zeina Alkudmani Lower Respiratory Tract Upper Respiratory Tract Anatomy of the Respiratory System Nasopharynx Oropharynx Respiratory Tract Infections
More informationTuberculosis. By: Shefaa Q aqa
Tuberculosis By: Shefaa Q aqa Tuberculosis is a communicable chronic granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It usually involves the lungs but may affect any organ or tissue in the
More informationUpper Respiratory Tract Infections
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections OTITIS MEDIA Otitis media is an inflammation of the middle ear. There are more than 709 million cases of otitis media worldwide each year; half of these cases occur in
More informationRespiratory System الفريق الطبي االكاديمي
Respiratory System الفريق الطبي االكاديمي Pathology sheet 5 Tuberculosis Done by: Ahmad Al-Sahele Introduction: as we know TB is caused by mycobacterium tubercolosis; now keep in your mind another microorganism
More informationPatient information: Pneumonia in adults (Beyond the Basics)
Page 1 of 8 Official reprint from UpToDate www.uptodate.com 2014 UpToDate Patient information: Pneumonia in adults (Beyond the Basics) Authors Thomas J Marrie, MD Thomas M File, Jr, MD Section Editor John
More informationSWABCHA Fact Sheet: Tuberculosis (TB)
SWABCHA (TB) Text sourced from the SWABCHA Change Agent Training Guide - 2012 Introduction to TB Microscopic bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes TB Only TB of the lungs or throat may be infectious.
More informationPOLICY FOR TREATMENT OF LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS
POLICY F TREATMENT OF LOWER RESPIRATY TRACT INFECTIONS Written by: Dr M Milupi, Consultant Microbiologist Date: June 2018 Approved by: The Drugs & Therapeutics Committee Date: July 2018 Implementation
More informationEpiglottitis. Bronchitis. Bronchiolitis. Pneumonia. Croup syndrome. Miss. kamlah 2
Miss. kamlah 1 Epiglottitis. Bronchitis. Bronchiolitis. Pneumonia. Croup syndrome. Miss. kamlah 2 Acute Epiglottitis Is an infection of the epiglottis, the long narrow structure that closes off the glottis
More informationCommunity Acquired Pneumonia. Abdullah Alharbi, MD, FCCP
Community Acquired Pneumonia Abdullah Alharbi, MD, FCCP A 68 y/ male presented to the ED with SOB and productive coughing for 2 days. Reports poor oral intake since onset due to nausea and intermittent
More informationBronchiectasis in Adults - Suspected
Bronchiectasis in Adults - Suspected Clinical symptoms which may indicate bronchiectasis for patients Take full respiratory history including presenting symptoms, past medical & family history Factors
More informationTUBERCULOSIS. By Dr. Najaf Masood Assistant Prof Pediatrics Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi
TUBERCULOSIS By Dr. Najaf Masood Assistant Prof Pediatrics Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi Tuberculosis Infectious, Systemic, Chronic granulomatous disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis DEFINITION
More informationThe McMaster at night Pediatric Curriculum
The McMaster at night Pediatric Curriculum Community Acquired Pneumonia Based on CPS Practice Point Pneumonia in healthy Canadian children and youth and the British Thoracic Society Guidelines on CAP Objectives
More informationEndeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au
Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au BIOH122 Human Biological Science 2 Session 8 Immune System 1 Bioscience Department Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au Session Plan
More informationTransient pulmonary infiltrations in cystic fibrosis due to allergic aspergillosis
Thorax (1965), 20, 385 Transient pulmonary infiltrations in cystic fibrosis due to allergic aspergillosis MARGARET MEARNS, WINIFRED YOUNG, AND JOHN BATTEN From the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hackney, and
More informationRESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS. CLS 212: Medical Microbiology
RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS CLS 212: Medical Microbiology Anatomy of the Respiratory System Respiratory Infections Respiratory tract can be divided into: Upper Respiratory Tract (URT): Sinuses Nasopharynx,.
More informationSheet: Patho-Pulmonary infections Done by: Maen Faoury
Sheet: Patho-Pulmonary infections Done by: Maen Faoury Pneumonitis : might be an infection or not. Chemical Pneumonitis : not an infection. Parenchyma : an infection.( تندرج تحت ال pneumonitis) Lung Parenchyma
More informationDigestive System 2. Lecture 12. Pathology and Clinical Science 1 (BIOC211) Department of Bioscience. endeavour.edu.au
Digestive System 2 Lecture 12 Pathology and Clinical Science 1 (BIOC211) Department of Bioscience Text Reference: Grossman, S.C. & Porth, C.M. (2014). Porth s Pathophysiology: concepts of altered health
More informationTuberculosis Pathogenesis
Tuberculosis Pathogenesis Renuka Khurana, MD, MPH May 12, 2015 TB for Community Providers May 12, 2015 Phoenix, Arizona EXCELLENCE EXPERTISE INNOVATION Renuka Khurana, MD, MPH has the following disclosures
More informationTuberculosis Intensive
Tuberculosis Intensive San Antonio, Texas April 3 6, 2012 Tuberculosis Pathogenesis Lynn Horvath, MD April 3, 2012 Lynn Horvath, MD has the following disclosures to make: No conflict of interests No relevant
More informationSlide 120, Lobar Pneumonia. Slide 120, Lobar Pneumonia. Slide 172, Interstitial Pneumonia. Slide 172, Interstitial Pneumonia. 53 Year-Old Smoker
Slide 120, Lobar Pneumonia Slide 120, Lobar Pneumonia Slide 172, Interstitial Pneumonia Slide 172, Interstitial Pneumonia 53 Year-Old Smoker Emphysema Pink puffer Barrel chest Hyperinflation Trapped air
More informationImmunocompromised patients. Immunocompromised patients. Immunocompromised patients
Value of CT in Early Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Patients Nantaka Kiranantawat, PSU Preventative Factors Phagocyts Cellular immunity Humoral immunity Predisposing Factors Infection, Stress, Poor nutrition,
More informationMay. Pathology #2. part. Rahaf Al-yousef. Mohammad Al-Qudah
8 th May Pathology #2 nd Pneumonias 2 part Mohammad Al-Qudah Rahaf Al-yousef In the first part of our lectures today, we will define pneumonia clinically and pathologically(which is an infection of the
More informationMycobacterium tuberculosis. Lecture (14) Dr.Baha, AL-Amiedi Ph. D.Microbiology
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lecture (14) Dr.Baha, AL-Amiedi Ph. D.Microbiology Robert Koch 1843-1910 German physician Became famous for isolating the anthrax bacillus (1877), tuberculosis bacillus (1882)
More informationWF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
WF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 1 Societies 11 History 13 Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible 15 Classification.
More informationEun-Young Kang, M.D., Jae Wook Lee, M.D., Ji Yung Choo, M.D., Hwan Seok Yong, M.D., Ki Yeol Lee, M.D., Yu-Whan Oh, M.D.
Eun-Young Kang, M.D., Jae Wook Lee, M.D., Ji Yung Choo, M.D., Hwan Seok Yong, M.D., Ki Yeol Lee, M.D., Yu-Whan Oh, M.D. Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea
More informationTB in Children. Rene De Gama Block 10 Lectures 2012
TB in Children Rene De Gama Block 10 Lectures 2012 Contents Epidemiology Transmission and pathogenesis Diagnosis of TB TB and HIV Management Epidemiology The year 2000 8.3 million new TB cases diagnosed
More informationRadiological Aspects of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Immunocompetent Hosts
Nov 2003 Radiological Aspects of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Immunocompetent Hosts Josh Rempell, Harvard Medical School Year III Tuberculosis: the captain of all (wo)men of death Overall, one third of the
More informationCritical Care Nursing Theory. Pneumonia. - Pneumonia is an acute infection of the pulmonary parenchyma
- is an acute infection of the pulmonary parenchyma - is a common infection encountered by critical care nurses when it complicates the course of a serious illness or leads to acute respiratory distress.
More informationMedical Bacteriology- lecture 13. Mycobacterium Actinomycetes
Medical Bacteriology- lecture 13 Mycobacterium Actinomycetes Mycobacterium tuberculosis Large, very weakly gram positive rods, Obligate aerobes, related to Actinomycetes, non spore forming, non motile
More informationBronchitis. Anatomy of the Lungs The lungs allow us to fill our blood with oxygen. The oxygen we breathe is absorbed into our blood in the lungs.
Bronchitis Introduction Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the airways that carry air to the lungs. It causes shortness of breath, wheezing and chest tightness as well as a cough that
More informationPIDS AND RESPIRATORY DISORDERS
PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCIES PIDS AND RESPIRATORY DISORDERS PIDS AND RESPIRATORY DISORDERS 1 PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCIES ABBREVIATIONS COPD CT MRI IG PID Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Computed tomography
More informationCardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders
Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders Blood Pressure Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mmhg (millimeters of mercury) Hypertension is when the resting blood pressure is too high Systolic BP is 140 mmhg
More informationTo Study The Cinico-Radiological Features And Associated Co-Morbid Conditions
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-issn: 2279-0853, p-issn: 2279-0861.Volume 17, Issue 7 Ver. 16 (July. 2018), PP 58-62 www.iosrjournals.org To study the clinico-radiological features
More informationPneumonia. Trachea , The Patient Education Institute, Inc. id Last reviewed: 11/11/2017 1
Pneumonia Introduction Pneumonia is an inflammation and infection of the lungs. Pneumonia causes millions of deaths every year. It can affect anybody, but is more dangerous to older adults, babies and
More informationUnit II Problem 2 Microbiology Lab: Pneumonia
Unit II Problem 2 Microbiology Lab: Pneumonia - What are the steps needed to obtain a proper sputum specimen? You need the following: A wide-mouth labeled container. Gloves. Water. Mouth wash + tissues.
More informationPBL RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DR. NATHEER OBAIDAT
PBL RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DR. NATHEER OBAIDAT Dr started to talk about his specialty at the hospital which is (ICU-Pulmonary-Internal Medicine). Pulmonary medical branch is a subspecialty of internal medicine.
More informationPULMONARY EMERGENCIES
EMERGENCIES I. Pneumonia A. Bacterial Pneumonia (most common cause of a focal infiltrate) 1. Epidemiology a. Accounts for up to 10% of hospital admissions in the U.S. b. Most pneumonias are the result
More informationEmerging Respiratory Infections NZ Amanda McNaughton Respiratory Physician CCDHB Wellington
Emerging Respiratory Infections NZ 2015 Amanda McNaughton Respiratory Physician CCDHB Wellington Respiratory Infection: overview Influenza virus Clinical picture Emerging infection New Zealand Influenza
More informationUpper...and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
Upper...and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Robin Jump, MD, PhD Cleveland Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC) Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center Case Western Reserve University
More information66YM Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease annual review. H Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Supplementary materials Table S1. Read codes to define COPD Read code Medical code Clinical event Read term 66YM.00 11287 382901 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease annual review H3...00 1001 338812
More informationGeneral Medical Concerns
General Medical Concerns General Medical Concerns Fred Reifsteck MD Head Team Physician University of Georgia Missed Time: school, work, practice, games Decreased Performance Physical/ Mental stress: New
More informationRespiratory system. Applied Anatomy &Physiology
Respiratory system Applied Anatomy &Physiology Anatomy The respiratory system consists of 1)The Upper airway : Nose, mouth and larynx 2)The Lower airways Trachea and the two lungs. Within the lungs,
More informationPulmonary Pathology II. William Bligh-Glover M.D. Department of Anatomy, CWRU
Pulmonary Pathology II William Bligh-Glover M.D. Department of Anatomy, CWRU Goals and Objectives Comprehend the etiology, pathogenesis/pathopysiology and consequences of pulmonary hypertension Distinguish
More informationThe RESPIRATORY System. Unit 3 Transportation Systems
The RESPIRATORY System Unit 3 Transportation Systems The Respiratory System Functions of the Respiratory System Warms, moistens, and filters incoming air Nasal cavity Resonating chambers for speech and
More informationUpper and Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders
F.A. Davis: Advantage Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders (11.16.15) Page 1 Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders The respiratory system is an interconnected network of organs, tissues, and
More informationTuberculosis - clinical forms. Dr. A.Torossian,, M.D., Ph. D. Department of Respiratory Diseases
Tuberculosis - clinical forms Dr. A.Torossian,, M.D., Ph. D. Department of Respiratory Diseases 1 TB DISEASE Primary Post-primary (Secondary) Common primary forms Primary complex Tuberculosis of the intrathoracic
More informationThe Respiratory System
130 20 The Respiratory System 1. Define important words in this chapter 2. Explain the structure and function of the respiratory system 3. Discuss changes in the respiratory system due to aging 4. Discuss
More informationTuberculosis. Impact of TB. Infectious Disease Epidemiology BMTRY 713 (A. Selassie, DrPH)
Infectious Disease Epidemiology BMTRY 713 (A. Selassie, DrPH) Lecture 20 Tuberculosis Learning Objectives 1. Describe the biologic characteristics of the agent 2. Determine the epidemiologic characteristics
More informationNFECTIONS THROUGH THE RESPIRATORY TRACT
NFECTIONS THROUGH THE RESPIRATORY TRACT **Infective agent s **Transmission **Host * viral infections * Bacterial infections *Fungal infections **Control of air-borne infections **INFECTIVE AGENTS The infective
More informationPneumonia Aetiology Why is it so difficult to distinguish pathogens from innocent bystanders?
Pneumonia Aetiology Why is it so difficult to distinguish pathogens from innocent bystanders? David Murdoch Department of Pathology University of Otago, Christchurch Outline Background Diagnostic challenges
More informationFOREIGN BODY ASPIRATION in children. Dr. Xayyavong Bouathongthip, M.D Emergency department, children s hospital
FOREIGN BODY ASPIRATION in children Dr. Xayyavong Bouathongthip, M.D Emergency department, children s hospital How common is choking? About 3,000 people die/year from choking Figure remained unchanged
More informationBIOS222 Pathology and Clinical Science 2 & 3
BIOS222 Pathology and Clinical Science 2 & 3 Session 12 Disorders of Musculoskeletal System 3 Bioscience Department www.endeavour.edu.au Session Learning Outcomes At the end of the session, student should
More informationAcute pneumonia Simple complement
Acute pneumonia Simple complement 1. Clinical variants of acute pneumonia in children are, except: A. Bronchopneumonia B. Lobar confluent pneumonia C. Viral pneumonia D. Interstitial pneumonia E. Chronic
More informationPATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS TEMPLATE
1 PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS TEMPLATE DISEASE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) DEFINITION: COPD can be defined as a disease in which there is a significant damage to the lungs thus reducing
More informationUnconscious exchange of air between lungs and the external environment Breathing
Respiration Unconscious exchange of air between lungs and the external environment Breathing Two types External Exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the environment and the organism Internal Exchange
More informationEtiological Agent: Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Debra Mercer BSN, RN, RRT. Definition
Pulmonary Tuberculosis Debra Mercer BSN, RN, RRT Definition Tuberculosis is a contagious bacterial infection of the lungs caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (TB) Etiological Agent: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
More informationTB the basics. (Dr) Margaret (DHA) and John (INZ)
TB the basics (Dr) Margaret (DHA) and John (INZ) Question 1 The scientist who discovered M. tuberculosis was: A: Louis Pasteur B: Robert Koch C: Jean-Antoine Villemin D: Calmette and Guerin Question 2
More informationThe RESPIRATORY System. Unit 3 Transportation Systems
The RESPIRATORY System Unit 3 Transportation Systems Functions of the Respiratory System Warm, moisten, and filter incoming air Resonating chambers for speech and sound production Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
More informationRESPIRATORY DISORDERS
RESPIRATORY DISORDERS INTRODUCTION Respiratory disorders refers to the medical term that include different pathological conditions affecting the organs and tissues of respiratory system which make gas
More informationCare of the Patient with a Respiratory Disorder
Care of the Patient with a Respiratory Disorder 1 Slide 1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology External respiration Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lung and the environment Internal respiration
More informationThe Respiratory System Structures of the Respiratory System Structures of the Respiratory System Structures of the Respiratory System Nose Sinuses
CH 14 D.E. Human Biology The Respiratory System The Respiratory System OUTLINE: Mechanism of Breathing Transport of Gases between the Lungs and the Cells Respiratory Centers in the Brain Function Provides
More informationFundamentals of Tuberculosis (TB)
TB in the United States Fundamentals of Tuberculosis (TB) From 1953 to 1984, reported cases decreased by approximately 5.6% each year From 1985 to 1992, reported cases increased by 20% 25,313 cases reported
More informationBIOS222 Pathology and Clinical Science 2 & 3
BIOS222 Pathology and Clinical Science 2 & 3 Session 10 Disorders of Musculoskeletal System 1 Bioscience Department www.endeavour.edu.au Session Learning Outcomes At the end of the session, you should
More informationTHE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. Pages and
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Pages 103-105 and 146-150 1 When the respiratory system is mentioned, people generally think of breathing, but breathing is only one of the activities of the respiratory system.
More informationTB Intensive San Antonio, Texas December 1-3, 2010
TB Intensive San Antonio, Texas December 1-3, 2010 TB Pathogenesis and Transmission Lynn Horvath, MD; TCID December 1, 2010 Tuberculosis Pathogenesis Lynn L. Horvath, MD, FACP, FIDSA Associate Professor
More informationBIOS222 Pathology and Clinical Science 2 & 3
BIOS222 Pathology and Clinical Science 2 & 3 Session 16 Endocrine system disorders 3 Bioscience Department www.endeavour.edu.au Session Learning Outcomes At the end of the session, you should be able to:
More informationViruses, bacteria, fungus, parasites (in rare cases) or other organisms can cause pneumonia.
1 Pneumonia Pneumonia is an infection which inflames the air sacs either in one or both of the lungs. The air sacs are generally filled with fluid or pus, causing cough along with phlegm or pus, fever,
More informationSession Guidelines. This is a 15 minute webinar session for CNC physicians and staff
Respiratory Disease Session Guidelines This is a 15 minute webinar session for CNC physicians and staff CNC holds webinars monthly to address topics related to risk adjustment documentation and coding
More informationCOPD COPD. C - Chronic O - Obstructive P - Pulmonary D - Disease OBJECTIVES
COPD C - Chronic O - Obstructive P - Pulmonary D - Disease 1 OBJECTIVES Following this presentation the participant should be able to demonstrate understanding of chronic lung disease by successful completion
More informationCommunicable Disease Control Manual Chapter 4: Tuberculosis
Provincial TB Services 655 West 12th Avenue Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4 www.bccdc.ca Communicable Disease Control Manual Definitions Page 1 2.0 DEFINITIONS Many of the definitions that follow are taken from
More informationDiagnosis of TB: Radiology David Finlay, MD
TB Intensive Tyler, Texas June 2-4, 2010 Diagnosis of TB: Radiology David Finlay, MD June 3, 2010 2stages stages- Tuberculosis 1. primary infection 2. reactivation, or post primary disease 2 1 Primary
More informationBIOE221. Session 5. Examination of Thorax- Respiratory system. Bioscience Department. Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.
BIOE221 Session 5 Examination of Thorax- Respiratory system Bioscience Department Session Objectives Understand the structure of the thorax and the organs contained in this cavity Understand the importance
More informationThe Respiratory System
BIOLOGY OF HUMANS Concepts, Applications, and Issues Fifth Edition Judith Goodenough Betty McGuire 14 The Respiratory System Lecture Presentation Anne Gasc Hawaii Pacific University and University of Hawaii
More informationTB Intensive San Antonio, Texas November 29-December 2, 2011
TB Intensive San Antonio, Texas November 29-December 2, 2011 Diagnosis of TB: Radiology Michael McCarthy, MD, FACR November 30, 2011 Michael McCarthy, MD, FACR has the following disclosures to make: No
More information5/5/2013. The Respiratory System. Chapter 16 Notes. The Respiratory System. Nasal Cavity. Sinuses
The Respiratory System Chapter 16 Notes The Respiratory System Objectives List the general functions of the respiratory system. Identify the organs of the respiratory system. Describe the functions of
More informationLung Cancer - Suspected
Lung Cancer - Suspected Shared Decision Making Lung Cancer: http://www.enhertsccg.nhs.uk/ Patient presents with abnormal CXR Lung cancer - clinical presentation History and Examination Incidental finding
More informationCough Associated with Bronchitis
Cough Associated with Bronchitis Bronchitis (bron-ki-tis) is a condition in which the bronchial tubes, the tubes that carry air to your lungs, become inflamed. People who have bronchitis often have a cough
More informationImmune-mediated lung disease. Ian Sabroe
Immune-mediated lung disease Ian Sabroe It s all immune? Diseases that doesn t have immune involvement? The processes of response to injury and tissue repair are key homeostatic pathways involved in all
More information