Nonverbal Communication6

Transcription

1 Nonverbal 6 CHAPTER TOPICS Characteristics of Nonverbal Influences on Nonverbal Types of Nonverbal Revised by Ron Compton Looking Out/Looking In Fourteenth Edition

2 Characteristics of Nonverbal Nonverbal Messages expressed by nonlinguistic terms This rules out the written word and sign language Includes all vocal means that do not involve language 2

3 Characteristics of Nonverbal Nonverbal Skills Are Vital Nonverbal encoding and decoding skills are strong predictor of: Popularity Attractiveness Socioemotional well-being Nonverbal sensitivity is major part of emotional intelligence 3

4 Victor Teaches Thomas How to Be an Indian DVD 34:40-40:03 4

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6 Characteristics of Nonverbal All Behavior Has Communicative Value Each of us is a transmitter that cannot be shut off Unintentional behaviors differ from intentional ones 6

7 Characteristics of Nonverbal Nonverbal Is Relational Identity management Reflects and shapes kinds of relationships we have with others Conveying emotions we may be unwilling or unable to express Increasing number of Internet and phone messages will include visual and vocal dimensions Emoticons 7

8 Characteristics of Nonverbal Nonverbal Serves Many Functions Repeating When someone asks for directions, you often repeat your answer with a gesture Complementing Expressions that match thoughts and emotions Substituting When someone asks, What s up? you may just shrug your shoulders 8

9 Characteristics of Nonverbal Nonverbal Serves Many Functions Accenting Nonverbal devices in oral messages It was your idea! Regulating Influencing the flow of verbal communication Contradicting Sending mixed messages Mother Love Cell Phone Commercial Video (0:29) 9

10 A Flower Girl Scene Excerpt (2:58) DVD 7:08-10:06 Romantic Comedy Charlie Chaplin Virginia Cherrill 1931 Preview & Article Review 10

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12 Characteristics of Nonverbal Nonverbal Communicators Offer Deception Clues Leakage Inadvertent signals of deception Facial expressions Pupil dilation Speech patterns 12

13 Characteristics of Nonverbal Nonverbal Communicators Offer Deceptions Clues Three findings: We are accurate in detecting deception only slightly more than half the time We overestimate our ability to detect others lies We have a strong tendency to judge others messages as truthful 13

14 Characteristics of Nonverbal Nonverbal Is Ambiguous Nonverbal behavior can have many possible meanings Impossible to be certain which interpretation is correct Courtship and sexuality Some people have more difficulty decoding nonverbal signals Perception checking can be a useful tool 14

15 Gender Influences on Nonverbal Some differences are physiological Some differences are rooted in socialization Females usually more nonverbally expressive and better at recognizing others nonverbal behaviors More similar than different 15

16 Culture Influences on Nonverbal Cultures have different nonverbal languages Some nonverbal behaviors have different meanings from culture to culture Subtle differences can damage relationships Distance and eye contact varies around the world 16

17 Culture Influences on Nonverbal The use of time depends greatly on culture Monochronic Emphasizing punctuality, schedules, and completing one task at a time Polychronic Flexible schedule in which multiple tasks are pursued at the same time 17

18 Culture Influences on Nonverbal Differences in cultural rules can lead to misunderstandings Nonverbal convergence shows that skilled communicators can adapt their behavior Some nonverbal behaviors have same meaning around the world 18

19 Types of Nonverbal Body Movement Body Orientation The degree to which we face toward or away from someone with our body, feet, and head Posture By paying attention to the postures around your own, you ll find another channel of communication 19

20 Types of Nonverbal Body Movement Gestures Illustrators Movements that accompany speech but do not stand on their own Emblems Deliberate nonverbal communication that has precise meaning Adaptors Unconscious body movements in response to the environment 20

21 Types of Nonverbal Body Movement Face and Eyes At least eight distinguishable positions of the eyebrows and forehead Eight of the eyes and lids Ten for the lower face Multiplied together you can understand why it is nearly impossible to compile a dictionary of facial expressions 21

22 Types of Nonverbal Body Movement Face and Eyes Microexpressions Eyes Expressions that happen quickly and are difficult to detect Can be very effective in identifying emotion Communicate positive or negative attitude Pupils grow larger based on the interest in the object 22

23 Voice Types of Nonverbal Paralanguage Describes nonverbal, vocal messages Unintentional pause Vocalized pause Can affect behavior in many ways Sarcasm Some vocal factors perceived more positively than others 23

24 Touch Haptics Types of Nonverbal Touch can communicate many messages and signal a variety of relationships Functional/professional Social/polite Friendship/warmth Sexual arousal Aggression 24

25 Touch Haptics Types of Nonverbal Several factors make a given touch more or less intense Because nonverbal messages are ambiguous, this language can often be misunderstood Plays a powerful role in how we respond to others Increases liking Increases compliance 25

26 Appearance Types of Nonverbal Physical Attractiveness Men and women whom others perceive as attractive are rated as: Being more sensitive Kind Strong Sociable Interesting Occasionally has a negative effect 26

27 Appearance Types of Nonverbal Physical Attractiveness Influence begins early in life Something we can control 27

28 Appearance Clothing Types of Nonverbal One writer suggests that clothing can convey at least ten types of messages to others: Economic background Economic level Educational level Educational background Level of sophistication Level of success Moral character Social background Social position Trustworthiness 28

29 Physical Space Types of Nonverbal Proxemics - Distance The study of the way people and animals use space. We each carry an invisible bubble of personal space wherever we go We feel uncomfortable when this bubble is violated Different cultures develop different bubbles 29

30 Types of Nonverbal Proxemics - Distance Hall s Four Spatial Zones Intimate distance Ranges out about eighteen inches Personal distance Ranges from eighteen inches to four feet Social distance Four feet to twelve feet Public distance Distances beyond twelve feet 30

31 Types of Nonverbal Proxemics Territoriality Territory remains stationary The way people use space can communicate power and status 31

32 Types of Nonverbal Physical Environment Physical settings affect our communication Can shape the kind of interaction that takes place in it 32

33 Time Chronemics Types of Nonverbal The study of how humans structure time In a culture that values time highly, waiting can be an indicator of status Time can be a marker of power, status, relationships 33

34 Chapter Review Characteristics of Nonverbal Influences on Nonverbal Types of Nonverbal 34